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824026
C3.3 Energy Calculations
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chemistry
c3
gcse
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mhancoc3
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mhancoc3
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C3.3 Energy Calculations
Comparing the energy released by fuels
Calculating energy released
Energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temp rise
A calorimeter can compare energy released
Energy transfer in solutions
The equation works for any fluid
Energy level diagrams
Energy is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol)
Exothermic reactions
Surroundings get hot
Endothermic reactions
surroundings get cooler
Activation energy and catalysts
Activation energy is how much energy is needed to start a reaction
Catalysts create an alternate pathway to the products so lower the activation energy
Bond breaking and bond making
Endothermic is breaking bonds
Exothermic is making bonds
Calculations using bond energies
Bond energy
Energy needed to break a bond between two atoms
Used to work out the energy change
Work out energy to break each reactant then how to make product
We can then tell endothermic or exothermic
Fuel Issues
Consequences of burning fuels
supplies are running out
CO2 in the air
Not good
Hydrogen Powered Vehicles
Hydrogen + Oxygen => Water
No global warming
safety and storage issues
Using electrolysis still uses fossil fuels so we must oxidise it in a fuel cell
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