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83156
Reason and Experience
Description
A-Level Philosophy (Reason and Experience) Mind Map on Reason and Experience, created by lucy-hook on 11/05/2013.
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philosophy
reason and experience
philosophy
reason and experience
a-level
Mind Map by
lucy-hook
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
lucy-hook
over 11 years ago
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Resource summary
Reason and Experience
tabula rasa
all subsequent ideas and knowledge must come from experience
both simple and complex ideas must stem from sense experience
propositions that don't relate to sense impressions should be treated with suspicion
criticisms
some ideas can't be traced back
we do not know for certain what causes sense impressions
impressions require a classification process
simple/complex ideas don't make sense
trap of solipsism
scepticism about the future and the past
Logical Positivists claim that propositions, to be meaningful, must be hypothetically verifiable
Foundationalism is the claim that our knowledge must be based on a set of foundational beliefs that themselves cannot be questioned
An empiricist would claim that sense impressions are indubitable and so from the bedrock of knowledge
innate ideas
not derived from experience
truths of mathematics, God, beauty and morality etc.
empiricists would argue that such truths do not contribute to knowledge of the world that exists
they are either true by definition - tautology
Or they are deduced implications of truths that are already known - deductive reasoning
certainty
seems limited to introspection and tautologies
Descartes' cogito and other transcendental arguments
conceptual schemes
the mind has a predetermined structure that categorises the real world into the world we perceive
experience is unintelligible without conceptual schemes
if we can work out the ways in which the mind categorises the data then we can know a priori how the world will appear to us
in this way synthetic a priori knowledge is possible
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