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Mind Map by jamiemcparlin, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jamiemcparlin
over 11 years ago
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C7: Alkanes, Alkenes and Alcohol
- Alkanes
- A group of hydrocarbons
- In this group atoms are joined
together by single carbon-carbon
bonds
- In this group atoms are joined
together by single carbon-carbon
bonds
- Are saturated carbons
- This is because they contain only
single bonds and can't make anymore
- This is because they contain only
single bonds and can't make anymore
- Do not react well with
aqueous solutions
- The C-C and C-H bonds are
too strong and unreactive
- They burn well in plenty of air to
produce carbon dioxide and
water
- An example of a balanced
equation of combustion of an
Alkane would be:
- C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O
- CH4+ 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O
- C3H8 + 5O2 = 3CO2 + 4H2O
- An example of a balanced
equation of combustion of an
Alkane would be:
- The C-C and C-H bonds are
too strong and unreactive
- The general formula for an alkane is CnH(2n+2)
where "n" is the number of carbon atoms
- Methane
- CH4
- CH4
- Ethane
- C2H6
- C2H6
- Propane
- C3H8
- C3H8
- Butane
- C4H10
- C4H10
- Methane
- A group of hydrocarbons
- Alkenes
- A group of hydrocarbons
- Their atoms are joined together in reactive
C=C bonds
- Their atoms are joined together in reactive
C=C bonds
- they are unsaturated because
the atoms can stil react
- The general fomula for Alkenes is CnH(2n^3)
Where "n" is the number of carbon atoms
- Methene
- CH8
- CH8
- Ethene
- C2H64
- C2H64
- Propene
- C3H216
- C3H216
- Butene
- C4H512
- C4H512
- Methene
- A group of hydrocarbons
- Alcohols
- Characteristics are due to their
functional group -OH
- The general formula for Alcohols is CnH(2n+1)OH
where "n" is the number of carbon atoms
- Methanol
- CH3OH
- Can be used as:
- Chemical feedstock
- Cosmetics manufacturing
- Chemical feedstock
- CH3OH
- The two simplest
alcohols are methanol
and ethanol.
- Ethanol
- C2H5OH
- Can be used as:
- A solvent
- A fuel
- A solvent
- C2H5OH
- Methanol
- Properties of alcohols are different
depending on their structure
- Short alcoholshave low boiling points
because the intermolecular forces are
weak
- Longer hydrocarbons behave like an
alkane. They are less soluble on water
and float due to their low density
- Short alcoholshave low boiling points
because the intermolecular forces are
weak
- Characteristics are due to their
functional group -OH
- Alcohol Reactions
- Alcohol reacts with sodium to produce a
Salt and hydrogen gas
- Ethanol + Sodium = Sodium Ethoxide + Hydrogen
- 2C3H5OH + 2Na = 2C2H5O-Na+ + H2
- 2C3H5OH + 2Na = 2C2H5O-Na+ + H2
- Alcohols, water and alkanes react
differently with Sodium
- In Alcohol, sodium sinks, doesn't melt and
steadily gives of Hydrogen gas
- There is no reaction between sodium and Alkane
- In water sodium melts, fizzes and
whizzes round on the surface, rapidly
giving off hydrogen
- In Alcohol, sodium sinks, doesn't melt and
steadily gives of Hydrogen gas
- Ethanol + Sodium = Sodium Ethoxide + Hydrogen
- Alcohols burn in air because of the presence of a hydrocarbon chain
- When Ethanol burns in air
- 2C2H5OH + 3O2 = 3H2O + 2CO2
- 2C2H5OH + 3O2 = 3H2O + 2CO2
- When Ethanol burns in air
- Alcohol reacts with sodium to produce a
Salt and hydrogen gas
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