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Key debate 1: is the Nuclear family Universal?
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Sociology2 Mind Map on Key debate 1: is the Nuclear family Universal?, created by kasia.lovatt on 12/05/2013.
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Resource summary
Key debate 1: is the Nuclear family Universal?
Argument For
George Peter Murdock
States that family is a 'social group characterised by common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction'
It includes adults of both sexes, at least two whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationshsip
One or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults
He studied 250 societies
Said he found Nuclear families in all of them
Necessary for a smooth running of society
Claimed the family was a universal institute because of his findings
Argument against
Felicity Edholm (1982)
Argues that there is nothing normal or natural about the Nuclear family
States that the Nuclear family and kin relationships are socially constructed
1) Not all societies have nuclear families
Kathleen Gough (1959) Nayar from southern India
Girls married to husband, once puberty is reached, they can visit a number of husbands
They can only have 12
Men can have more than 12 wives that he can visit
No long life unit
Men have no duty towards wives
Husbands do not live with the wives or chikldren
2) Murdock ignore the importance of extended families
Extended family is...
Includes blood or marriage relation beyond nuclear family
Uncles, grandparents, aunts, cousins
Can be very important in bringing up children, financial, care of elderly
may live together or close by
Extended kinship network - live apart but keep contact
3) some families do not include two adults
Lone parent family
Headed by one parent, 9/10 by female
Female-headed families/Matrifocl families
headed by female with no significant male
Common among African Caribbean families in the UK
Nancie Gouzalez (1970)
Believes matifocl families are a well organised social group
Adapted to living on low income
Mothers of 10 get strong support form female relatives
Friends help them raise a family
Yanina Sheeran (1993)
Believes female core (mother + children)
Basic family unit
Argues this family Unit is universal
Criticism
falls to allow for male-headed lone parent families
4) Some families do not have adults of both sexes
Gay families
Some same sex families may include children from a heterosexual relationship
Adoption or IVF
Sydney Callaham (1997)
believes gay or lesbian households with children should be regarded as families
Civil Partnership
Similar legal rights and obligations to marriage.
Implies social acceptance of same sex relationships
2012 'marriage' debate continues about potential legalisation of marriage of ss. partneship
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