Unit 1 - Chapter 1 - Part 1

Atoms, Elements & Compounds
1. Atoms
  1. Periodic Table
    1. Atoms arranged in columns called groups.
    2. Left - Metals
    3. Right - Non-metals
  2. All substances are made up of atoms
  3. An atom has a tiny nucleus in it's centre, surrounded by electrons
2. Elements
  1. All elements are made up of 1 type of atom
    1. 2 or more atoms bonded together is called a molecule
      1. H2 & O2
      2. Several molecules made up of the same atoms bonded together are called an element.
3. Compounds
  1. Compounds are mixtures of atoms bonded together
    1. H2O & CO2
  2. As a mixture, elements can be put back into two piles but when they are bonded they cannot
Atomic Structure
1. Every atom has a nucleus in the centre
  1. It contains protons & Neutrons
2. Electrons around the outside
3. Charges
  1. Protons - Positive charge
  2. Neutrons - No charge
  3. Electrons - Negative Charge
4. Same number of protons and electrons in an atom so the overall charge is 0
5. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of the number of Protons it has
6. Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons = Atomic mass
Electron Arangment
1. Electrons are arranged in 'shells' around the outside of the nucleus. The first shell can have 2 electrons and then up to 8 in every other shell.
  1. Group 1 - 1 Outer Electron Group 2 - 2 Outer Electrons Group 3 - 3 Outer Eletrons ect. Group 0 - 8 Outer Electrons
3. Elements in the same group have similar properties. Elements in Group 1 react similarly in water
  1. Lithium + Water = Lithium Hydroxide + Hydrogen Sodium + Water = Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen Potassium + Water = Potassium Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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Unit 1 - Chapter 1 - Part 1

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