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8624272
Ahmad Cannot Run
Description
Mind Map on Ahmad Cannot Run, created by sarah hammoodi on 22/04/2017.
Mind Map by
sarah hammoodi
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
sarah hammoodi
over 7 years ago
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Resource summary
Ahmad Cannot Run
Causes of Muscle Weakness
Infection
poliovirus > poliomylitis Lyme disease
Neurological
Demyelinating disorders: Guillain-Barré syndrome
Medications
Statin> atorvastatin (Lipitor) Amiodarone (oral route)
Electrolyte
Hyperkalemia
Genetics
Metabolic
Glycogenoses: Acid maltase deficiency
Nutrients and Muscle Development
Calcium Iron Vitamin D Vitamin B12 Magnesium Zinc
Physical Examination
Muscle Strength Scale
Introduction & Consent HEPA Inspection SSSP Palpation: Skin Temperature Joints Tendons Ligaments
Move
Dorsiflexion Plantar Flexion Inversion Eversion Flexion of great toe
Special Test
Inversion and Eversion stress test Thompson’s test for tendoachillies rupture Tests for Morton’s metatarsalgia
pes cavus(high arch)
fixed plantar flexion of the foot. A high arch is the opposite of a flat foot and is somewhat less common
Gait
Gait Cycle
abnormal gait
Trendelenburg gait
waddling (duck) gait.
Anterior trunk bending
inadequacy of the knee extensors.
Posterior trunk bending
inadequacy of hip extensors.
Swing-out
presence of weak hip flexors
Steppage gait
inadequate dorsiflexion control
Vaulting
Going up on the toes of the stance phase leg.
Antalgic gait
as short a time is possible is spent on the painful limb, and a correspondingly longer time is spent on the pain-free side.
Duchene Muscular Dystrophy
DMD Gene
Xp21 2.2 megabases 79 exons 8 promoters
mutation
dystrophin
Dystrophin provides strength to muscle cells by linking the internal cytoskeleton to the surface membrane.
Genetic Difference Between DMD & BMD
complication
X-linked inherited
Investigations
Serum Creatine Kinase
A high CK generally indicates that there has been some recent muscle damage but will not indicate its location or cause.
Electromyography
EMG results can reveal nerve dysfunction, muscle dysfunction or problems with nerve-to-muscle signal transmission.
Thyroid Function Test
Western Blot
The separation of proteins by electrophoresis, then The binding of specific antibody to the protein of interest.
Muscle Biopsy
Cross section of muscle shows extensive replacement of muscle fibers by fat cells.
MANAGEMENT
Physical and occupational therapy
PHARAMACOLOGICAL
Steroids Prednisone Deflazacort -Creatine monohydrate supplementation
-Gene therapy:
-Stem cell
Prognosis
death occurs usually at about 18-20yrs of age.
Anatomy of the foot
foot and ankle bones
foot ligaments
arterial supply
nerve supply
layers of the sole
cutaneous nerve supply
Media attachments
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Scale (image/png)
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