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SEMICONDUCTORS

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Mind Map on SEMICONDUCTORS, created by Marielle Moralde on 30/04/2017.
Marielle Moralde
Mind Map by Marielle Moralde, updated more than 1 year ago
Marielle Moralde
Created by Marielle Moralde over 7 years ago
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SEMICONDUCTORS
  1. WHAT IS IT?
    1. It acts both as a conductor and as an insulator; they have the ability to work "part-time"
      1. It's versatility lies on the fact that the conductivity can be controlled to produce effects such as:
        1. AMPLIFICATION
          1. RECTIFICATION
            1. OSCILLATION
              1. SIGNAL-MIXING
                1. SWITCHING
              2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEMICONDUCTIORS?
                1. SILICON
                  1. cheap and factory-made
                    1. widely used in:
                      1. diodes
                        1. transistors
                          1. integrated circuits
                        2. GERMANIUM
                          1. pure form is a poor conductor in electricity
                            1. doped
                              1. low voltage
                                1. low resistance to heat; easily destroyed by it
                                2. SELENIUM
                                  1. has a resistance that is dependent upon light
                                    1. photoconductivity
                                      1. photocells
                                        1. used in certain types of rectifiers
                                          1. can withstand brief transients and abnormally high surges of voltage
                                          2. GALLIUM ARSENIDE
                                            1. very expensive
                                              1. functions at high frequencies
                                                1. immune to ionizing radiation
                                                  1. used in integrated circuits
                                                  2. METAL OXIDES
                                                    1. MOS
                                                      1. CMOS
                                                        1. draw so little current a battery lasts as long as its shelf life
                                                          1. easily damaged by static electricity
                                                        2. TRANSISTORS AND VACUUM TUBES AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
                                                          1. VACUUM TUBES- used to be the backbone of electronic equipment; size ranges from the size of the thumb to that of the fist; sometimes it works better than transistors
                                                            1. TRANSISTORS- smaller, easier to use; technology became smaller
                                                              1. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS- came after transistors; can do the work of hundreds of vacuum tubes
                                                              2. DOPING- the adding of impurities to alter the conductivity of the material
                                                                1. acceptor impurities
                                                                  1. conducts by means of hole flow
                                                                    1. deficiency of electrons
                                                                      1. materials such as:
                                                                        1. indium
                                                                          1. aluminium
                                                                            1. boron
                                                                              1. gallium
                                                                            2. donor impurities
                                                                              1. conducts mainly by means of electron flow
                                                                                1. include:
                                                                                  1. antimony
                                                                                    1. arsenic
                                                                                      1. bismuth
                                                                                        1. phosphorus
                                                                                      2. flow domination
                                                                                        1. for donor impurities: electron flow dominates the current
                                                                                          1. for acceptor impurities: hole flow dominates
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