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875094
Attachment
Description
Mind Map on Attachment, created by demim93 on 14/05/2014.
No tags specified
psychology
attachment theories
john bowlby
mary ainsworth
Mind Map by
demim93
, updated more than 1 year ago
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demim93
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Attachment
Strong emotional bond between infant and caregivers.
John Bowlby
theory based on lorenz's observations
attachment has roots in a set of instinctual infant responses important for protection and survival of the species.
infant and caregiver are biologically prepared to respond to each other's behaviours.
Harlow and Zimmerman
'contact comfort' more important than hunger satisfaction.
rhesus monkeys clung to terry cloth covered "mothers", even though wire mesh mothers had a milk bottle.
Development of attachment.
first three years of live are a very sensitive period.
four stages:
1) pre-attachment (0-2 months); indiscriminate social responsiveness.
2) attachment in the making (2-7 months); recognition of familiar people.
3) clear-cut attachment (7-24 months); separation protest, wariness of strangers, intentional communication.
4) goal-corrected partnership (24 months on); relationships more two-sided, children understand parents' needs.
Mary Ainsworth - The Strange Situation.
four keys of observation:
exploration
reaction to departure
stranger anxiety
reunion
three main styles of attachment.
SECURE ATTACHMENT
65-70% of one-year-olds
freely explore new environments.
touches base with caregiver periodically for security
may or may not cry when separated
when caregiver returns, crying ceases quickly.
INSECURE-AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT
15% of one-year-olds
do not cry when separated
reacts to stranger similar to how they react to caregiver
when reunited, avoids or is slow to greet caregiver
INSECURE-RESISTANT ATTACHMENT
10-15% of infants
seek contact with caregiver before separation
when reunited, first seek caregiver, but then resist or reject comfort.
forth type of attachment: INSECURE-DISORGANISED ATTACHMENT
5-10% of infants
elements of both avoidant and resistant (confused)
during reunion, they are disorientated and disorganised. look dazed.
freeze in the middle of their movements.
engage in repetitive behaviours
apprehensive and fearful of caregiver
unable to cope in a consistent and organised way.
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