Chemistry

Bonding
1. Single, Double and Triple Bonds
  1. Represent number of electrons taken or shared
2. Ionic, Metallic, Covalent
  1. Covalent Bond --> "Share" Bond
  2. Ionic Bond --> "Give & Take" Bond
  3. Metallic Bonding occurs between metals
3. Elements need 8 valence electrons to be stable
  1. Use bonding to achieve this
  2. Column number tells you the number of electrons on the last shell
    1. 1. 4 electrons on last shell
4. 1. Ethylene (C2H4)
Chemical Equations
1. Balancing chemical equations
  1. Check the differences on both sides of the equation
  2. Make sure the correct structure is used
  3. Make sure both sides are equal
  4. Consider all elements in compounds
2. Types of chemical equations
  1. Synthesis
    1. A + B --> AB
    2. When two or more chemicals combine to form a product
    3. H2+ N2 --> NH3
  2. Decomposition
    1. AB --> A + B
    2. HgO --> Hg + O2
    3. When a compound breaks down into its elements or simpler compounds
  3. Single Replacement
    1. AB + C --> AC + B
    2. HgO + Cl2 --> HgCl + O2
    3. When a single element takes the place of an element in a compound
  4. Double Replacement
    1. AB + CD --> AD + CB
    2. When an element in two compounds swap to create new compounds
    3. CuCl2 + H2S --> CuS + HCl
3. Structuring chemical equations
  1. Reactants on LHS
  2. --> used to represent reaction
  3. Product on RHS
  4. Na + Br2 --> NaBr
Periodic Table of Elements
1. Alkali Metals (Period 1)
  1. Highly reactive
  2. Explode in water
  3. Lose electrons easily
  4. Small size
2. Alkaline Earth Metals (Period 2)
  1. Not as reactive as Alkali Metals
3. Transition Metals (Periods 3-12)
  1. Some create colour
  2. Highly abundant
  3. Malleable
  4. Some can conduct electricity
4. Noble Gases
  1. Very stable
Chemical Reactions
1. Physical Changes
  1. Can be reversed
  2. Atomic structure remains the same
  3. Change in appearance
2. Indications of reactions
  1. Smell
  2. Take in/Give off heat
  3. Release gas
  4. Form a solid precipitate
  5. Colour change
3. Chemical Changes
  1. Alters chemical composition
  2. Irreversible

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	Created by Vernica Mehta over 7 years ago