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Life After Death
- Life After Death
in General
- For Life After Death
- There's a
form beyond
the physical
- It's a chance
to fulfil
human
potential
- I believe my soul will carry on
- I've earned it
- The bible promised me
- Life is such a
gift 75(odd)
years can't be
the end
- There's a
form beyond
the physical
- Against Life After Death
- It wouldn't
be fair- why
reward some
but punish
others
- A 'life' after 'death'
- that doesn't make
sense!
- There is no
God, let
alone a
heaven
- We are simply
material/physical
beings
- There is
no proof or
evidence
- It wouldn't
be fair- why
reward some
but punish
others
- For Life After Death
- Reincarnation
- Bhagavad Gita 2, 13
- "Just as a person
casts off worn out
garments and puts on
others which are new,
even so does the
embodied soul cast
off worn out bodies
and takes on others
that are new"
- "Just as a person
casts off worn out
garments and puts on
others which are new,
even so does the
embodied soul cast
off worn out bodies
and takes on others
that are new"
- Hinduism and Sikhism NOT Buddhism
- The Body will die but the
Soul is eternal
- Key Terms For Reincarnation
- Karma
- Good and Bad
actions
- A law of Moral Causation
- Good and Bad
actions
- Samsara
- Cycle of Life and
Death
- Cycle of Life and
Death
- Dharma
- duty of
each
caste
- Varnahramadharma
- duty of
each
caste
- Moksha
- End of the cycle of Life and Death
- End of the cycle of Life and Death
- Brahman
- God
- God
- Atman
- Soul
- Soul
- May
- an illusion
- Those who see
the world as it
really is
- Those who see
the world as it
really is
- an illusion
- Karma
- Strengths and Weaknesses of Reincarnation
- Strengths of Reincarnation
- Encourages to live
a moral life to
achieve moral life
- Gives people
hope for a (better)
life. No Finality to
death
- Second Chance after death
- Explains why the body stays on earth
- Regression under hypnosis
- Yoga memory
- The experience of people,
usually children who claim to
have memories of a previous
life
- Yoga memory
- Encourages to live
a moral life to
achieve moral life
- Weaknesses of Reincarnation
- Moral Blackmail
- Regression
under hypnosis
- Set Up
- Set Up
- No Proof
- based on dualism
- based on dualism
- How do you
enter the
cycle of
Samsara?
- Souls move
up from
plants/animals
- Where do souls come from?
- Where do souls come from?
- Souls move
up from
plants/animals
- Evolution from
Samsara might
take 1000's of
years
- Why is the population increasing?
- Why is the population increasing?
- Based on Caste system
- Moral Blackmail
- Strengths of Reincarnation
- Bhagavad Gita 2, 13
- Rebirth
- Buddhist
- Belief that after death your
thoughts/conciousness/personality(?)
will get reborn into a new body
- Belief that after death your
thoughts/conciousness/personality(?)
will get reborn into a new body
- Key Terms for Rebirth
- Anatta
- no essential self or soul
- (true selfhood is an illusion)
- no essential self or soul
- Anicca
- Everything including
conscious life is
forever changing
- not the same as it was
(ever changing)
- Candle
Analogy
- not the same as it was
(ever changing)
- Everything including
conscious life is
forever changing
- Samsara
- a Constant cycle
of rebirth
- not set by
any God
- a Constant cycle
of rebirth
- Karma
- Process of rebirth is
governed by Karma
- (good and bad actions)
- Process of rebirth is
governed by Karma
- Nirvana
- Enlightenment
- Enlightenment
- Anatta
- Ultimately, Buddists
aspire to escape
from Samsara by
recognition of the
ullusion, thus
reaching
enlightenment
- Strengths and Weaknesses or Rebirth
- Strenghts
- A Buddhist
would be
responsible
for
whathappens
in their next
life
- Relies on self as there is no God
- Instead of relying on blind faith
- Instead of relying on blind faith
- Resolves
Reincarnation of
Adult Soul going
to a child
- No Reincarnation problem of caste
- Regression under hypnosis
- Doesn't rely on God
- A Buddhist
would be
responsible
for
whathappens
in their next
life
- Weaknesses
- No proof
- No incentive to ethical life as the
consciousness does not relate to
the person
- No guarantee of a better life
- No guarantee of a better life
- Regression
under hypnosis
- Set Up
- Set Up
- Your soul doesn't go on as there is no soul
- No proof
- Strenghts
- Buddhist
- Resurrection
- Resureection
- is the promise that
your soul will leave
your body after you
die and go onto your
next life
- is Eschatological
- concerned with life after death
- concerned with life after death
- Pascals Wager
- You can't know if God exists
until you die. So its best to
say you believe in him just in
case
- You can't know if God exists
until you die. So its best to
say you believe in him just in
case
- body and soul combined
- is the promise that
your soul will leave
your body after you
die and go onto your
next life
- Strengths and Weaknesses of Resurrection
- Strengths
- Bible
- Resurrection came a
bout so as to comfort
Jews in hard times with
the hope of a better next
life
- Jesus was resurrected
- Testified in all four gospels
- Testified in all four gospels
- Valley of Dry Bones
- Ezekiel37- God
shows Ezekiel a
valley of Dry Bones
and states that he is
able to "make these
live again"
- 6th century BC
- Ezekiel37- God
shows Ezekiel a
valley of Dry Bones
and states that he is
able to "make these
live again"
- Sheep and the Goats Parable
- Jesus describes
heaven like a
house and he's
gone to prepare a
room for you
- Resurrection came a
bout so as to comfort
Jews in hard times with
the hope of a better next
life
- Hope for the next life
- Encourages people to
leave a moral next life so
as to avoid Hell
- Shown in Islam, Judasim and Christianity
- John Hick
- Replica Body Theory
- You get the
same body you
did on earth,
logically
possible so we
can regognise
people in heaven
- You get the
same body you
did on earth,
logically
possible so we
can regognise
people in heaven
- Replica Body Theory
- Bible
- Weaknesses
- No Proof
- No empirical evidence
- No empirical evidence
- No definitive version of the afterlife across religions
- Definite failure for Athiests
as there is no 'proof' outside
of religious texts
- the physical body cannot be resurrected, proof on earth
- Against John Hick
- Replica Body Theory
- not factually possible due to space in heaven
- How do people from years ago recognise you now, physical changes
- Imperfections, do they carry on into the afterlife
- not factually possible due to space in heaven
- Replica Body Theory
- No Proof
- Strengths
- Resureection
- Immortality of the Soul
- Belief that the soul is a distinct
and immortal entity within (dualism)
which can survive the death of the
body and ascend to the after life
- Strengths and Weaknesses
- Strengths
- Plato
- 1.Cyclical
- Everything which comes with life must go out
- Cycle of Birth and Death/ Pattern of Birth and Death
- Everything which comes with life must go out
- 2. Recollection
- the knowledge we have is not learned but remembered
- Soul exists before coming into body
- everything is remembered from what the soul has learned from before
- the knowledge we have is not learned but remembered
- 3. Affinity
- The Soul is Simple
- The body has an affinity with Earth
- The Soul has an
affinity with eternal
realm of forms. After
the body dies this is
where the soul goes
- The body has an affinity with Earth
- The Soul is Simple
- 4. Final
- The Soul cannot be destroyed so it must
retreat to the realms
- The Soul cannot be destroyed so it must
retreat to the realms
- 1.Cyclical
- Socrates
- Life
cannot
emerge
from a
dead thing
- "The soul is
which
renders the
body living"
- Life
cannot
emerge
from a
dead thing
- Descartes
- "I think therefore I am."
- "I think therefore I am."
- The Soul
joins with God
at Death is
comforting
- Certain
religious
expereinces
support this
(Out of body)
- Our thinking
trancends the
physical body, then
immortality of the
soul, makes good
sense
- Experiement
- Weight before and after death (lighter)
- Weight before and after death (lighter)
- The idea
has been
around for
centuries
- dualism
- dualism
- Plato
- Weaknesses
- Gilbert Ryle
- The Ghost in the Machine
- Ghost= Soul
- You cannot
prove it as you
cannot see
Souls just like
you cannot see
ghosts
- You cannot
prove it as you
cannot see
Souls just like
you cannot see
ghosts
- Machine+ Body
- Ghost= Soul
- The Ghost in the Machine
- Modern Neuroscience
- the mind is a product of
brain function, not part of
soul
- You can see brain
function not soul (MRI
etc)
- the mind is a product of
brain function, not part of
soul
- Against Descartes
- Descartes proved that we think,
but that is different from proving
our thinking exists independently
- Descartes proved that we think,
but that is different from proving
our thinking exists independently
- Against PLato
- Affinity
- we have to be
taught
somethings- even
the best artists
had to be taught
how to hold a
pencil
- we have to be
taught
somethings- even
the best artists
had to be taught
how to hold a
pencil
- Affinity
- Western Religions
- Muslims.
Jews and
Christians
should
reject it as
it is against
traditional
religious
teaching
- body and
soul, not soul
within body
- Muslims.
Jews and
Christians
should
reject it as
it is against
traditional
religious
teaching
- Experiment
- Weight before and
after death (lighter)
- You cannot prove this
- Weight before and
after death (lighter)
- No proof for argument
- despite being round for years
- despite being round for years
- Gilbert Ryle
- Strengths
- Belief that the soul is a distinct
and immortal entity within (dualism)
which can survive the death of the
body and ascend to the after life
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