Michael Jardine
Quiz by , created more than 1 year ago

Overview: - Overview of metastasis - Define each of the general stages of metastasis - Provide some examples of genes involved in each stage - Different metastasis models - Examples of therapeutic options

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Michael Jardine
Created by Michael Jardine about 7 years ago
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PHSI3012 03-1 Metastasis

Question 1 of 12

7

The 9 stages of metastasis are:
1 - Primary tumour formation;
2 - ;
3 - ;
4 - ;
5 - ;
6 - ;
7 - ;
8 - ;
9 - Clinically detectable macroscopic metastases.

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    Local invasion
    Intravasation
    Survival in the circulation
    Arrest at a distant organ site
    Extravasation
    Micrometastasis formation
    Metastatic colonisation

Explanation

Question 2 of 12

1

Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of BREAST CARCINOMA is generally

Select one of the following:

  • Years to decades

  • Months

Explanation

Question 3 of 12

1

Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of COLORECTAL CARCINOMA is generally

Select one of the following:

  • Years to decades

  • Months

Explanation

Question 4 of 12

1

Temporal course of metastasis:
The latency period of LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA is generally

Select one of the following:

  • Months

  • Years to decades

Explanation

Question 5 of 12

1

Does stiffening of the ExtraCellular Matrix (ECM) promote or inhibit tumourigenesis?

Select one of the following:

  • Promote

  • Inhibit

Explanation

Question 6 of 12

1

True or false:
MMPs (Matrix MetalloProteinases) play a role in Intravasation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 12

1

Angiopoietin-like 4 ("ANGPTL4") is involved in:

Select one of the following:

  • Extravasation

  • Intravasation

  • Both of the above

  • [none of the above]

Explanation

Question 8 of 12

2

The "Cell-of-Origin" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Select one of the following:

  • Normal epithelial cell (already has activated metastasis virulence genes due to its normal cellular differentiation program) > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explanation

Question 9 of 12

2

The "Partial-Competence" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Select one of the following:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explanation

Question 10 of 12

2

The "Stochastic" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Select one of the following:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explanation

Question 11 of 12

2

The "Tumour Self-seeding" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Select one of the following:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explanation

Question 12 of 12

2

The "Parallel Progression" model of metastasis progresses as follows:

Select one of the following:

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable partially metastasis-competent disseminated tumour cell > [mutations in metastasis virulence genes]
    > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including stochastic mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Metastatic colonisation

  • Normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations] > Primary tumour > [dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > [additional mutations] > Metastatic colonisation > [re-infiltration of the primary tumour by metastatic cells] > Primary tumour that has undergone self-seeding

  • Normal epithelial cell > [mutation] > Quasi-normal epithelial cell > [early dissemination to a foreign microenvironment] > Viable disseminated quasi-normal epithelial cell > [series of mutations, including mutations in metastasis virulence genes] > Metastatic colonisation

Explanation

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