Exam 2 - Circulatory System and Skin

Primary function of circulatory system

Secondary functions of circulatory system

What is the blood vascular system?

What is the lymph vascular system?

How does lymph move through body?

Open vs. Closed circulatory system

What are the layers of the blood vessels?

What kind of cells make up tunics of BVs?

What are the characteristics of tunica intima?

What is the internal elastic lamina?

What are the characteristics of tunica media?

What is the external elastic lamina?

What are the characteristics of tunica adventitia?

What is the vasa vasorum?

What is the nervi vasculares?

What is vasoconstriction? What causes it?

What is vasodilation? How does it occur in BVs?

What is a baroreceptor? Where are they located?

What is a chemoreceptor? Where are they found?

What is systole?

What is diastole?

What maintains blood pressure? How is it regulated?

What is the diameter of elastic arteries?

Where do elastic arteries receive their blood from?

Characteristics of elastic arteries

What is the diameter of muscular arteries?

Characteristics of muscular arteries

What is the diameter of arterioles?

Characteristics of arterioles

What are pre-capillary sphincters?

What are metarterioles?

What is the relationship b/w smooth muscle and CT with the diameter of blood vessels?

What is microcirculation?

What is the diameter of a capillary?

What lines capillaries?

What are pericytes?

Characteristics of capillaries

How is vasomotor activity accomplished in the capillaries?

What are the types of capillaries?

How can transport occur across capillaries?

What are sinusoids?

What is the function of the venous system?

Comparison of arteries and veins

What is the thickest tunic layer in veins?

What is the function of valves in the veins? What happens if they fail?

What are venules?

Types of venules (include size and characteristics)

What acts on venules? What do they do?

What are muscular veins?

What does smooth muscle do in tunia media of muscular veins and venules?

What are AV shunts?

What are portal vessels?

Characteristics of lymph vascular system

What is the function of the lymph vascular system?

How is lymph formed?

What happens if you can't move lymph?

Where does lymph return to the bloodstream?

Where do lymphatic tubules converge?

What are lymph nodes? What are their functions?

What part of lymphatic system is important in tumor metastasis?

Characteristics of lymph nodes

What is elephantiasis?

What is atherosclerosis?

What are foam cells?

What is the physiology of atherosclerosis?

What causes hypertension in atherosclerosis?

What is stenosis?

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What causes an acute ischemic event?

What is the most common cause of ischemic heart disease?

What is myocardial infarction?

What is endocarditis?

What is a stroke?

What is an aneurism?

How much of body mass is skin?

What are the functions of skin?

What facilitates heat loss in the skin?

How is energy stored in skin?

What types of cells are in the epidermis?

How thick is the epidermis?

What is "thick skin"?

Characteristics of epidermal vascularization

What makes up the dermis?

What causes skin "aging"?

What is the papillary layer?

What is the function of corrugations of dermis papillary layer?

What are rete ridges?

What are dermal papillae?

What are dermatoglyphs?

What is the reticular layer?

What are Langer's lines?

What is the hypodermis?

What are the vascular plexi?

Which is the largest vascular plexus in the skin?

What are glomus bodies?

What is the function of vascular plexi in skin?

What is the lifespan of skin cells?

What is psoriasis?

Layers of epidermis

Characteristics of stratum spinosum

Characteristics of stratum basale

Characteristics of stratum granulosum

What are keratohyaline granules?

Process of keratinization

What are keratinosomes?

Characteristics of stratum lucidum

Characteristics of stratum corneum

What are squames?

What is examined in a Pap smear?

Which skin tumors are derived from epithelial cells?

Which skin tumor is derived from melanocytes?

What is the process of first intention healing?

What is granulation tissue?

Why does a wound itch while healing?

What occurs in wound repair in case of vitamin C deficiency?

What is a keloid?

What is second intention healing?

Process of second intention healing

What is full thickness abrasion?

What are melanocytes?

What are melanosomes?

Types of melanin

What causes differences in skin color?

What is vitiligo?

What controls melanin synthesis?

Production of melanin

What causes albinism?

How is tyrosinase used as a marker?

Why make melanin?

What are Langerhans cells?

What are Birbeck granules?

What happens when you get a tattoo?

What are skin appendages?

What is terminal hair?

Characteristics of hair shaft

What are hair follicles?

What is the hair bulb?

What is the dermal papilla?

What happens to epithelial cells lining hair bulb?

What causes hair color?

What are the internal and external root sheaths?

What is the glassy membrane?

What is piloerection?

What are the arrector pili muscles?

Hair growth process

What is vellus hair?

What is androgenic alopecia?

What is 5-alpha-reductase?

What is the nail bed?

What is the nail root?

How does nail growth occur?

What is the eponychium?

What is the lunula?

What is the nail plate?

How long does it take for nails to grow?

What are sebaceous glands

How do sebaceous glands develop?

What is the pilosebaceous canal?

What is sebum?

What is seborrhea?

What is a pilosebaceous unit?

What are sweat glands? Types?

What are merocrine sweat glands?

What causes acne?

How much merocrine sweat does the body lose each day?

What is merocrine sweat made up of?

What causes merocrine sweating?

What are demodex?

What are apocrine sweat glands?

What do apocrine sweat glands secrete?

What causes apocrine sweat secretion?

What are ceruminous glands?

What are mammary glands? How do they develop?

What composes INACTIVE mammary glands?

What is the organization of ducts in mammary glands?

What is the areola?

Process of lactation

What is colostrum?

Milk production

What are Meissner's corpuscles?

What are Pacinian corpuscles?

What are Ruffini corpuscles?

What are "free" nerve endings?

What are Merkel cells?