2 Interviewing

Question 1 of 34

1

An effective interviewer is…
❌: is thoroughly familiar with the focus of the interview.

❌: gives purpose for interview; rounds it off; asks whether interviewee has questions.

❌: asks simple, easy, short questions; no jargon.

❌: lets people finish; gives them time to think; tolerates pauses.

❌: listens attentively to what is said and how it is said; is empathetic in dealing with the interviewee.

❌: responds to what is important to interviewee and is flexible

❌: knows what he/she wants to find out.

❌: is prepared to challenge what is said, for example, dealing with inconsistencies in interviewees’ replies.

❌: relates what is said to what has previously been said.

❌: clarifies and extends meanings of interviewees’ statements, but without imposing meaning on them
❌: does not talk too much, which may make the interviewee passive, and does not talk too little, which may result in the interviewee feeling he or she is not talking along the right lines.

❌: is sensitive to the ethical dimension of interviewing, ensuring the interviewee appreciates what the research is about, its purposes, and that his or her answers will be treated confidentially.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Knowledgeable

Structuring

Clear

Gentle

Sensitive

Open

Steering

Critical

Remembering

Interpreting

Balanced

Ethically sensitive

Explanation

Question 2 of 34

1

❌ can be ❌ by
❌: ❌ or ❌
❌ or ❌: ❌, ❌ or ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Interviews

Participants

Individual

Focus groups

Formality

Structure

Structured

Semi-structured

Unstructured

conducted

Explanation

Question 3 of 34

1

Formality or structure interview types range from Structured which are more strongly associated with Qualitative to Unstructured which are more strongly associated with Quantitative.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 4 of 34

1

A structured interview should be used when:

Select one or more of the following:

Obtaining statistical data
The sample is large
There is good pre-existing knowledge about topic and likely responses
The aim is to study variables across cases
There is limited knowledge about the topic
The sample is small
The aim is to understand participant's experience

Explanation

Question 5 of 34

1

A structured interview should not be used when

Select one or more of the following:

Obtaining statistical data
The sample is large
There is good pre-existing knowledge about topic and likely responses
The aim is to study variables across cases
There is limited knowledge about the topic
The sample is small
The aim is to understand participants' experience

Explanation

Question 6 of 34

1

A semi-structured interview should be used when

Select one or more of the following:

You want to understand the participants' experience
The participant is able to tell his/her story
You want to canvas the same issues with all participants (or a group of participants)
Obtaining statistical data
The sample is large
Using a purposeful conversation style (no guide)

Explanation

Question 7 of 34

1

A semi-structured interview should be used when you want to have a purposeful conversation with a participant without any guide.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 34

1

An unstructured interview should be used when

Select one or more of the following:

To understand the participants experience
The participant is able to tell his/her story
The focus is on the participant's experience
Obtaining statistics
Using a large sample size
Using a purposeful conversation style (no guide)
You want to canvas the same issues with all participants (or a group of participants)
Questions are formulated on the run
The researcher must keep the focus of inquiry in mind while listening

Explanation

Question 9 of 34

1

A structured interview should be used when you want to canvas the same issue with all participants (or group).

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 34

1

When conducting semi-structured or unstructured interviews questions should be used to expand the conversation.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 11 of 34

1

When conducting interviews, closed questions should be used to minimise the responses from participants.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 12 of 34

1

Unstructured interviews should be used when you want

Select one or more of the following:

To find out what is important to the participant
The participant to tell their story
To understand the experience from the "inside" (as much as that is possible)
To cover the same issue with everyone
To make comparisons between groups of participants
To measure effects of a programme
To count stuff

Explanation

Question 13 of 34

1

An unstructured interview should not be used when you want

Select one or more of the following:

To find out what is important to the particiapant
The participant to tell their story
To understand the experience from the "inside" (as much as that is possible)
To cover the same issues with everyone
To make comparisons between groups of participants
To measure effects of a programme
To count stuff

Explanation

Question 14 of 34

1

"Do you enjoy being on campus" is an example of a closed-ended question.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 15 of 34

1

"What parts of the campus do you enjoy?" is an example of a closed-ended question.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 16 of 34

1

When interviewing participants, it is important to use complex questions to get the most responsive answers.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 17 of 34

1

Double-barrelled questions are a useful interviewing technique e.g. What do you like about campus? Do you enjoy your classes?

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 34

1

Interview questions should not contain suggested answers e.g. What do you like about campus? Is it location or the open spaces or the availability of services?

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 34

1

Indirect questions can be a useful interview technique e.g. What do you friends think about campus?

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 20 of 34

1

Interview questions should not signal a desired answer e.g. Do you agree that the lecture theatres are pretty sterile?

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 21 of 34

1

Use of jargon is encouraged in interview questions e.g. How does the campus rate in term of amenity values?

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 22 of 34

1

Interviewers should not seek clarification from the participant if they are unclear on what an answer means.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 23 of 34

1

If seeking clarification from a participant, the interviewer should make it clear it is their problem understanding not the fault of the interviewee.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 24 of 34

1

The following strategies are often useful when encouraging interviewees to talk

Select one or more of the following:

Nodding
Saying uh-huh
Remaining silent but attentive
Interrupting to clarify
Closing your eyes to give the participant privacy to think
Humming a pleasant melody
Throat clearing
Yawning

Explanation

Question 25 of 34

1

Examples of good questions to use to seek elaboration in an interview include

Select one or more of the following:

Tell abouts questions such as "tell me about...", "how does...", or "Tell me about a time..."
Search for feelings questions such as "How did you feel about that?" or "How did that make you feel"
Follow the thread questions such as "You said ... can you tell me more about that?"
Thread the needle questions such as "To reiterate what you just said ... is that correct?"
Did you feel questions such as "Did that make you feel happy?" or "Did that make you feel angry?"
Move on questions such as "Moving to the next question..." or "on an unrelated topic..."

Explanation

Question 26 of 34

1

Interview schedulitus is a condition that

Select one of the following:

is common among inexperienced qualitative interviewers who are over reliant on - and preoccupied by - their interview schedule
is common among experienced qualitative interviewers who are over-reliant on - and preoccupied by - their interview schedule
is common among inexperienced quantitative interviewers who are over-reliant on - and preoccupied by - their interview schedule
is when an inexperienced researcher has scheduled interviews closely together and keeps running out of time with participants

Explanation

Question 27 of 34

1

Symptoms of interview schedulitus include

Select one or more of the following:

Stilted conversation
Failure to listen
Loss of rapport and engagement
Ease of conversation
Running out of time before the next interview
A good rapport between interviewer and interviewee

Explanation

Question 28 of 34

1

To avoid interview schedulitus the best preparation is knowing your subject, not producing a smart looking interview guide.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 29 of 34

1

Interview schedulitus can be avoided by

Select one of the following:

Producing a smart looking interview guide
Knowing your subject
Researching the interviewee beforehand
All of the above

Explanation

Question 30 of 34

1

❌
Because respondents may be sharing very personal information, it is important to honestly assess how much confidentiality you can promise. Some kinds of disclosures (such as child abuse or threats to the safety of self or others) must be reported, and respondents need to know this from the start. Also consider how the confidentiality of individuals will be preserved when the data are analyzed and reported. Related issues include who has access to the data and who "owns" it.

❌
Most studies, including program evaluations, are covered by some kind of human subjects review process. This will usually require that respondents sign a permission form agreeing to participate, after being informed of potential risks and benefits. If children are involved, a parent or legal guardian must provide this permission.

❌
It is important to consider all potential risks and include them in the informed consent process. Even though "just talking" may seem inherently harmless, people who participate in open‐ended interviews may experience psychological stress, legal or political repercussions, or ostracism by peers or staff who believe that the participant has said unflattering things about them to the interviewer.

❌
The issue here is what interview participants get in return for sharing their time and insights with you. Will they or their communities benefit in some way from the results of the study? If promises are made (such as copies of reports or monetary payments), those promises should always be kept.

❌
Interviewing experiences can be intense interpersonal experiences. Just as participants may experience psychological stress from disclosing more than intended or being reminded of painful experiences, interviewers may be overwhelmed by the sensitive nature of what is seen or heard, especially in home‐ or field‐based interviews. Some
form of debriefing after the interview may be necessary. Interviewers should always know who to go to if they need advice or consultation on handling practical or emotional issues that arise from an interview.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Confidentiality

Informed consent

Risk assessment

Promises and reciprocity

Interviewer mental health

Explanation

Question 31 of 34

1

Ethical issues such as privacy/confidentiality, informed consent, risk assessment, promises and reciprocity and interviewer wellbeing are not relevant for qualitative interviewing.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 32 of 34

1

Informed consent is required for interviews.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 33 of 34

1

Tavis Smiley's recommendations for having a good unstructured interview (he calls a conversation) includes:
1. Knowing your ❌
2. Knowing the difference between a ❌ and an ❌
3. Being a generous ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

topic

audience

current events

anecdotes

conversation

interview

listener

lover

speaker

speech

Explanation

Question 34 of 34

1

According to Tavis Smiley, if you are a generous listener your interviewee will tell you

Select one of the following:

where to go next
about their childhood
anything you want to know
what you want to hear

	Created by Ryan Bentham about 7 years ago

Interviewing as part of psychological research

2 Interviewing

2 Interviewing

Question 1 of 34

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 2 of 34

❌ can be ❌ by ❌: ❌ or ❌ ❌ or ❌: ❌, ❌ or ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 3 of 34

Formality or structure interview types range from Structured which are more strongly associated with Qualitative to Unstructured which are more strongly associated with Quantitative.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 34

A structured interview should be used when:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 34

A structured interview should not be used when

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 34

A semi-structured interview should be used when

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 34

A semi-structured interview should be used when you want to have a purposeful conversation with a participant without any guide.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 34

An unstructured interview should be used when

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 34

A structured interview should be used when you want to canvas the same issue with all participants (or group).

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 34

When conducting semi-structured or unstructured interviews questions should be used to expand the conversation.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 34

When conducting interviews, closed questions should be used to minimise the responses from participants.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 34

Unstructured interviews should be used when you want

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 34

An unstructured interview should not be used when you want

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 34

"Do you enjoy being on campus" is an example of a closed-ended question.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 34

"What parts of the campus do you enjoy?" is an example of a closed-ended question.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 34

When interviewing participants, it is important to use complex questions to get the most responsive answers.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 34

Double-barrelled questions are a useful interviewing technique e.g. What do you like about campus? Do you enjoy your classes?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 34

Interview questions should not contain suggested answers e.g. What do you like about campus? Is it location or the open spaces or the availability of services?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 34

Indirect questions can be a useful interview technique e.g. What do you friends think about campus?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 34

Interview questions should not signal a desired answer e.g. Do you agree that the lecture theatres are pretty sterile?

❌ can be ❌ by
❌: ❌ or ❌
❌ or ❌: ❌, ❌ or ❌

Tavis Smiley's recommendations for having a good unstructured interview (he calls a conversation) includes:
1. Knowing your ❌
2. Knowing the difference between a ❌ and an ❌
3. Being a generous ❌