Cooperation, “saving face,” and interdependence are examples of
Collectivist Values
Individualist Values
Ethnocentric Values
Worldview
Those people born during the Baby Boomer generation were born between the years of
1901 – 1924.
1925-1942
1943-1960
1961-1981
There is evidence that counselors may __________ culturally diverse clients due to prejudice.
Misdiagnose.
Overdiagnose.
Underdiagnose.
All of the above.
Self-disclosure is an example of
Individualism.
Collectivism.
Enculturation.
Cultural Identity.
“I am in charge of creating success for myself” is an example of the __________ worldview
Internal locus of responsibility.
Internal locus of control.
External locus of responsibility.
_____ refers to changes in behavior, cognitions, values, language, cultural activities, personal relational styles, and beliefs as a cultural minority group encounters the dominant culture.
Cultural Encapsulation.
Acculturation.
Cultural Identitiy
The intrapersonal and interpersonal process in which individuals engage to build a clearer and more complex cultural identity is known as _____.
Acculturation
Ethnocentrism
Ethnicity
Cultural Identity Development
Race is a __________ construct.
Biological and phenotypical
Psychological
Political and socioeconomic
Social and emotional
__________ refers to the act of arguing on behalf of an individual, group, idea or issue in the pursuit of influencing outcomes.
Social advocacy
Social justice
Social revolution
Social justice counseling
When there is an imbalance of power, __________ exist(s).
oppression but not privilege
oppression and privilege
privilege but not oppression
None of the above
__________ has been identified as the primary cause of emotional disturbances.
Sexism
Poverty
Racism
Stress
One of the principal sources of stress is
Inferior education
Lack of healthcare
Lower social support
According to Hays, Chang, and Chaney (2007), __________ is a reason counselors do not engage in social justice counseling.
the high intrapersonal costs for counselors
incongruence with theoretical orientation
a lack of training in dealing with oppression issues
All of the above
A key aspect of empowerment involves _______, or the behaviors and attitudes that clients identify as beneficial in coping with stressful situations and adversity.
Resilience
Equity
Stress management
Distribution of power
All of the following are considered “personal action steps” that counselors can take as social advocates EXCEPT
exploring personal privilege.
Avoiding biases
Explore the nature of oppression
Becoming more multiculturally literate.
__________ costs are probably the most visible and concrete of all the costs of racism.
Cognitive
Affective
Interpersonal
Physical
The first step to eradicating racism within clients’ lives is to
advocate within the community.
create community resources for the client.
build rapport with the client.
address racism within individual counseling sessions.
_____ refers to common ancestry, while ______ refers to cultural practices and commonalities (e.g., rituals, work ethic, values).
Ethnicity; race
Race; ethnicity
Culture; race
Ethnicity; culture
Members of marginalized groups believing and accepting, knowingly or unknowingly, negative social messages about their own racial and ethnic groups is referred to as
individual racism.
institutional racism
internalized racism.
systemic racism.
Male counselors tend to speak
more assertively with women but more tentatively with other men.
more assertively overall with men and women.
less assertively with women.
less assertively with other men.
Female counselors tend to speak
more assertively with other women but more tentatively with men.
more assertively overall (with men and women).
more assertively with men.
In terms of race and gender, same-race and same-gender dyads
allow for the client and counselor to more quickly establish rapport.
guarantee better treatment outcomes.
Both of the above.
None of the above.
Problems that we think of as typically male (e.g., difficulty with intimacy, workaholism, alcoholism, abusive behavior, rage) are often attempts to escape
depression
anger
sex
anxiety
When counseling men, gender-sensitive counselors should engage in specific behaviors that
create empathy.
express feelings.
set specific goals early.
are sympathetic
According to government statistics, women are ______ as men to experience an anxiety disorder.
3 times as likely
twice as likely
5 times as likely
The Defense of Marriage Act is an example of
a social justice law.
institutional heterosexism.
internalized homophobia.
a law promoting same-sex marriage.
Approximately __________ of LGBTQI students have been verbally harassed in schools.
15%
25%
85%
76%
Conversion therapy was used to
convert negative cognitions into positive cognitions.
convert the sexual orientation of LGBTQI individuals.
ease tension and anxiety among LGBTQI individuals.
convert non-spiritual clients into spiritual clients.
It is possible to move between wealth and poverty, but __________ remains more consistent.
affect
socioeconomic status
mood
availability of resources
A counselor cannot make __________ about the origin, nature, or severity of a client’s presenting concern based on SES.
assumptions
decisions
assessments
assessment decisions
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the author’s discussion of classism and theory?
There are no counseling theories that address classism.
Some counseling theories are more inclusive of classism than others.
It is not necessary to have a counseling theory specifically addressing classism
The only psychological theory that addresses classism is the Modern Classism Theory.
According to the author, who is responsible for initiating a discussion of class in a counseling relationship?
The client - if it is relevant the client will bring it up.
The client - it would be disempowering for the counselor to assume it’s an issue.
The counselor - stigma and power differences may prevent the client from raising the topic.
The counselor - low-income clients may not understand the significance of classism.
