Alyssa Elligson
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Criminology

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Alyssa Elligson
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CC 100- (6) History of Criminological Theory

Question 1 of 29

1

To be good, a theory must be logical , with premises that support a conclusion

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Good theory should make about reality that can be tested

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

KEY: do not emerge in isolation but, rather reflect what has gone on in the past and what is happening at the time of being proposed

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

1

Positivist School- notion of criminality as an inherited (genetic) propensity

Select one of the following:

  • A. Reflection of Charles Darwin's 1959 theory of evolution

  • B. Gregor Mendel's 1865 work on genetics

  • C. a school of thought that attributed criminal behaviour to biological or psychological factors - often referred to as "Italian school"

  • D. All of the above

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

1

Chicago School:

Select one of the following:

  • the first school of sociology in US

  • contributed to social disorganization theory, cultural transmission theory, differential association theory, subcultural theory, the sociology of deviance and symbolic interactionism

  • both 1 and 2

  • none

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

1

Theories of crime inspired by Religious beliefs & superstition:

Select one or more of the following:

  • belief in evil spirits & magic

  • ascribed unusual phenomenon of nature to activities of evil spirits -leading to any pathology in human behaviour must be due to evil spirits

  • temptation- humans have free will, but Devil tempts (can resist through faith)

  • Possession- wrongdoers are possessed by evil spirits- severe and fatal methods used to rid person of spirits

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Blaming social problems on the Devil was a means to achieve 2 objectives:

1. diversion of ( attention, thoughts, crimes ) away from failings and placed blame on individuals who were possessed

2. those in power made themselves indispensable by saying only they could stop the Devil

distinction between ( sin and crime, crime and religion, crime and authority ) was blurred (rise of influence of civil & religious authority)

Witches became a ( scapegoat, problem, displacement ) for anger

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

1

the Enlightenment:

Select one or more of the following:

  • revolution caused a change in thinking - focus on systematic doubt, empirical and sensory verification of ideas

  • ideas shift to natural explanations based on reason and the scientific method (observation)

  • prompted a more specific approach to understanding crime & criminal behaviour

  • added ideas of fanaticism and religious superstition

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Classical school of criminology c the way criminals were dealt with, c absence of due process, and a the death penalty & use of torture to extract confessions

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

1

people voluntarily enter a social contract with the state:

Select one or more of the following:

  • give up some freedom for a safer society

  • state had to provide protection without violating rights of citizens

  • citizens had to obey rules or face punishment from state

  • roots of classical theory lie here

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Core Principles:
Human beings as rational, logical actors

( Hedonism, Freedom, Hostility )- view that pleasure is the primary good, pursuit of pleasure

( Utilitarianism, Utilise it, Goodwill )- philosophy suggests reasoned decisions will produce the greatest good for the greatest #

( Free Will, Freedom ) choices are not conditioned or determined by factors external to itself

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

1

Cesare Beccaria:

Select one or more of the following:

  • criticized the cruelty, inhumanity, and arbitrariness of current justice system

  • helped focus movement for humanitarian reform in Europe

  • born criminal

  • conditioned criminal

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

1

Jeremy Bentham:

Select one or more of the following:

  • argued humans are rational free-willed actors

  • behaviour is governed by hedonistic (pleasure-pain) calculus

  • punishment should be restricted just enough to achieve deterrence

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

1

Classical theory of crime emerged from the rational criminal
-penalties deter people from breaking law
-punishment should fit crime and be proportional to harm done to society
-to be effective punishment should be swift and certain

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Examples of Classical School Thinking in modern CJS:
1. - list of possible penalties/sentences for violation of law
2. - right to fair trial, to know the case
3. - (Criminal Intent)
4. - notion of imprisonment as form of punishment

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

1

Early Biological Theories:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Physiognomy- facial features could reveal inner characteristics (deceitfulness)

  • Psychiatry- increasing interest in moral insanity (psychopathology)

  • Phrenology- abnormalities in shape of skull indicative of morality and intelligence

  • psychology- notion of psychological thought in terms of our actions

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

1

Cesare Lombroso (father of modern criminology) first to systematically apply scientific method to study of criminality concluded that criminals were:

Select one of the following:

  • Activists

  • Atavictic- degenerate (features like apes - retreating foreheads, large ears, etc.)

  • ugly

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

1

Enrico Ferri coined term "Born Criminal" - concept described the biologically determined criminal

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

1

different offenders had different stigmata:
e.g. robbers have small, shifting, quick moving eyes

deviant women were almost always : brunette, masculine, heavy eyebrows & thin lips

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

1

Phrenology sought to determine an indvidiuals:

Select one or more of the following:

  • character & personality traits

  • mental & moral faculties

  • criminality based on shape of their head

  • brains & brain activity

  • smaller brains have greater activity

  • promised to explain every form of criminal behaviour (serial killers etc.)

Explanation

Question 21 of 29

1

Lombrosos scientific method was flawed because:

Select one or more of the following:

  • control groups were poorly chosen

  • control groups were too small

  • statistical techniques were crude

  • measurements were sloppy

  • assumed those in prison were criminals (free people were not)

  • control groups were too large

Explanation

Question 22 of 29

1

this involved objectively mapping the relationship between human physique, personality & criminal propensity:

Select one of the following:

  • Criminology

  • Somatotyping

  • criminological studies

  • theories of crime

Explanation

Question 23 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Somatotyping, criminology, behavioural psychologists ) involved mapping the relationship between human physique, personality & criminal propensity
Linked 3 distinct body types with behavioural dispositions:
-The ( Asthenic, athletics, authentic ) (skinny, frail & weak)
-The ( Athletic, Athlete, asthenic ) (muscular)
-The ( Pyknic, picknic, fat ) (short & round)

Devised 3 Typifications:
(a) ( Ectomorph, ectamorph, mesamorph )-lean, fragile, introspective, sensitive, nervous
(b) ( Mesomorph, metamorphosis ) - hard, muscular, rectangular, restless, energetic, insensitive
(c)( Endomorph, endamorph, Mesomorph ) - soft, round, easygoing, sociable, self-indulgent

Explanation

Question 24 of 29

1

delinquents possessed a mesomorphically dominant somatotype

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 29

1

The XYY genotypes:

Select one or more of the following:

  • 7 of 197 inmates of prison for mental disabilities and dangerous violent criminal propensities were XYY

  • XXY syndrome - might predispose men toward deviant behaviour

  • the XYY genotype was a kind of super-masculine- super male

  • syndrome linked to aggression, psychosis, sexual deviancy, criminal offending

Explanation

Question 26 of 29

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Free will, determinism, classical criminology, positive psychology ):
-( classical, behavioural, genetic, positive ) school
-humans born ( without, with, with heightened ) instincts
-individuals make rational choices
-crime is violation of social contract
-solution to crime is ( deterrence, retribution, revenge, medication )

( Determinism, free will, detention ):
-( Positivist, classical, psychological ) school
-behaviour determined by inherited genetic makeup
-crime is caused by disease (( medical model, medical perspective, biological issues ))
-solution to crime is ( treatment, retribution, detention, deterrence )

Explanation

Question 27 of 29

1

Emile Durkheim:

Select one or more of the following:

  • was highly critical of early positivist school

  • says all societies have crime, a certain amount must be normal

  • objected the idea of criminality as disease

  • originator of differential association theory

Explanation

Question 28 of 29

1

Edwin Sutherland:

Select one or more of the following:

  • sociologist

  • argued criminal behaviour was learned through interaction with social environment (differential association theory)

  • coined "white collar crime"

  • french

Explanation

Question 29 of 29

1

:
-society, its laws, and legal system are rooted in social, political and economic conflict
-those who have wealth and power get to decide what will be against the law & who will be targeted by legal authorities

:
-society and its laws are rooted in shared values & beliefs
-society is viewed as a natural, organic entity that works to benefit all of its constituents
-those who behave in a socially unacceptable manner are regarded as deviant or criminal (subject to punishment, incapacitation, or treatment)

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    Conflict
    Consensus
    Correctional
    Corrections
    consensus
    conflict
    choices
    critical thinking

Explanation

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