DNA VII - The genetic code and tRNA

What is the genetic code? (2)

What is a codon? (2)

What what did Nimberg synthesise in 1961?

Describe the features of the genetic code (3)

Which amino acids are represented by just a single codon? (2)

What is essential for translation? (2)

What are the termination codons? (3)

What are the start codons? (2)

What are some exceptions to the universality of the genetic code? (3)

How many possible reading frames does the genetic code have?

What is a reading frame with no termination codon called?

Where are ORFs found and not found?
What are their functions? (3)

What may be featured in a long genetic sequence? (4)

What is the function of tRNA?

What is unusual about tRNAs bases? (5)

How do these abnormal bases arise within the tRNA molecule?

What are the common features of tRNA molecules? (4)

What sort of structures do tRNA molecules form?

How do tRNA molecules recognise codons?

Draw a labelled schematic diagram of the 2' structure of tRNA (7)

What are aminoacyl-tRNAs?

What happens in terms of bonding energies as an amino acid joins to a tRNA molecule? (3)

State the nomenclature for a bound and unbound tRNa complex (2)

What is "base wobbling"?

Show the bases at the 5' end of the codon which can exhibit base wobbling and their compatible bases at the 3' end of the codon (4)

Give an example of base wobble

What is the enzyme that links tRNAs to specific amino acids called?

Show the two step reaction catalysed by aminoacetyl-tRNA synthetase (3)

Draw a diagram showing the addition of an amino acid to a tRNA molecule