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General Pathoanatomy Final MCQs (401-500)- 3rd Year- PMU

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General Pathoanatomy Final MCQs (401-519)- 3rd Year- PMU

Question 1 of 119

1

Which type of cancer corresponds with the description "develops from glandular epithelium"?

Select one or more of the following:

  • transitional cell carcinoma

  • adenocarcinoma

  • squamous cell carcinoma

  • sarcoma

Explanation

Question 2 of 119

1

Point an etiology of the hemorrhagic infarction in the lung:

Select one or more of the following:

  • thrombosis of a branch of a. bronchialis

  • thrombosis of a branch of v. pulmonalis

  • embolism of a branch of a. pulmonalis

  • chronic venous stasis in the lung

Explanation

Question 3 of 119

1

State which of the following is a macroscopic characteristic of adenocarcinoma:

Select one or more of the following:

  • like a "bowl"

  • like a "cauliflower"

  • round non-healing ulcers on the face

  • very dense knot in the face

Explanation

Question 4 of 119

1

Which of the following terms are associated with amyloid deposition?

Select one or more of the following:

  • porphiric spleen

  • 'sago' spleen

  • big white kidney

  • flint-like liver

Explanation

Question 5 of 119

1

The most common localization of lymphangioma is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • the face

  • in sella turcica

  • on the phalanges of the toes

  • lips, tongue

Explanation

Question 6 of 119

1

Presence of the lymphocytes and plasma cells in the stroma of tumors is called:

Select one or more of the following:

  • reactive inflammation

  • morphological anaplasia

  • stromal reaction

  • sinus histiocytosis

Explanation

Question 7 of 119

1

Factors for collateral arterial hyperemia are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • progressive obstruction of end-artery

  • a sudden blockage of a main blood vessel

  • venous stasis

  • presence of shunts

Explanation

Question 8 of 119

1

Metachromasia is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • immunohistochemical reaction

  • expression of cellular atypia

  • changing the background color of the stain depending on the chemical composition of the tissue

  • impregnation methodology for argirophilic fibers

Explanation

Question 9 of 119

1

Carcinoids are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • tumor-like process

  • benign tumors

  • malignant tumors

  • hyperplastic process

Explanation

Question 10 of 119

1

In course of diabetes mellitus the deposit of glycogen could be observed in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • C cells of islets of Langerhans

  • Cardiomyocytes

  • In epithelium of Henle's loop

  • Nuclei of liver cells

Explanation

Question 11 of 119

1

The description „signet ring" cell is used for:

Select one or more of the following:

  • fatty degeneration of hepatocytes

  • mucus producing adenocarcinoma

  • vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes

  • glycogen infiltration of Henle's loop

Explanation

Question 12 of 119

1

Which of these mechanisms are NOT related to a hyaline degeneration

Select one or more of the following:

  • alkalosis

  • increased protein synthesis

  • enhanced rearbsorbsion

  • acidosis

Explanation

Question 13 of 119

1

In mechanical jaundice the following could be seen:

Select one or more of the following:

  • indirect bilirubin predominates in blood

  • in the urine is increased urobilinogen

  • bilirubin is found in urine

  • feces are intensively dark

Explanation

Question 14 of 119

1

Specify the conditions and diseases in which dystrophic calcification could be

Select one or more of the following:

  • atherocalcinosis

  • deposition of calcium in the stomach

  • calcified venous thrombi

  • calcifications in primary tuberculotic complex

Explanation

Question 15 of 119

1

Amyloid has following characteristics:

Select one or more of the following:

  • is identified in polarized light in tioflavin S

  • hows metahromasia with Perls

  • no fluorescence in congorot milieu

  • ultrastructurally has fibrillary structure

Explanation

Question 16 of 119

1

Massive embolism in the trunk of the pulmonary artery causes:

Select one or more of the following:

  • death from sudden cardiac arrest

  • algor mortis (mortal terror)

  • hemorrhagic infarction in lung

  • asphyxia

Explanation

Question 17 of 119

1

There is no such embolism like:

Select one or more of the following:

  • parasitic

  • tumor cell

  • bacterial

  • viral

Explanation

Question 18 of 119

1

Nutmeg liver occurs in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • thrombosis of v. portae

  • cor pulomonale chronicum

  • retrograde embolism from v. poplitea

  • chronic right heart failure

Explanation

Question 19 of 119

1

List the elements of granulation tissue:

Select one or more of the following:

  • newly formed blood vessels

  • giant cells

  • collagen fibers

  • fibroblasts

Explanation

Question 20 of 119

1

How does carcinoma in situ metastasize?

Select one or more of the following:

  • by the lymph flow

  • perineural

  • by the blood flow

  • does not metastasize

Explanation

Question 21 of 119

1

The most frequent localization of neurinoma in the skull is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • ponto-cerebellar angle

  • falx cerebri

  • tentorium cerebelli

  • cerebellum

Explanation

Question 22 of 119

1

It is recommended for biopsies to be taken with and from:

Select one or more of the following:

  • electric knife

  • from the periphery of the lesion to the border with healthy tissue

  • from the central area of lesion

  • by cutting

Explanation

Question 23 of 119

1

"Tiger" heart is diagnosed in terms of:

Select one or more of the following:

  • subepicardial deposition of adipose tissue

  • deposition of adipose tissue in septal wall

  • papillary muscle cells with fatty change

  • in infarction area of the left ventricle

Explanation

Question 24 of 119

1

Hyialine-drop degeneration is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • extracellular degeneration

  • fatty degeneration

  • type of cellular injury

  • carbohydrate degeneration

Explanation

Question 25 of 119

1

Hyperemic-hemorrhagic area occurs in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • gout around ureic acid deposits

  • anemic infarction

  • nodular amyloidosis

  • pneumonia crouposa

Explanation

Question 26 of 119

1

Which are the conditions for the development of hemorrhagic infarction of the lung?

Select one or more of the following:

  • thrombosis of a bronchial artery

  • double circulation of the lung

  • embolism of a pulmonary artery branch

  • chronic venous congestion in the lung

Explanation

Question 27 of 119

1

Which of the followings are the elements of the Virhov's triad?

Select one or more of the following:

  • damage to the endothelium of vascular wall

  • change in the composition of blood

  • delay and disruption of blood flow

  • acceleration of blood flow

Explanation

Question 28 of 119

1

Secondary lung hemosiderosis can develop in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • chronic right-sided heart failure

  • left-sided chronic heart failure

  • 'pulmonary heart'

  • tricuspid valve insufficiency

Explanation

Question 29 of 119

1

In which of the following pathological processes occur a deep fibrinous inflammation:

Select one or more of the following:

  • fibrinous tracheitis

  • pneumonia crouposa

  • diphtheria of the tonsils

  • fibrinous pericarditis

Explanation

Question 30 of 119

1

Decide which cells are found in tuberculoid granuloma:

Select one or more of the following:

  • xantomal cells

  • epitheloid cells

  • giant cells "foreign body" type

  • giant cell 'Tuton'

Explanation

Question 31 of 119

1

Signet-ring cells are seen in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • in obesity

  • vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium in kidney

  • liver steatosis

  • adenocarcinoma accumulating mucus in tumor cells

Explanation

Question 32 of 119

1

Squamous cell carcinoma may develop from:

Select one or more of the following:

  • mouth mucosa

  • lining of the bronchi

  • lining of the vaginal part of cervix

  • epithelium of gastric mucosa

Explanation

Question 33 of 119

1

Dermoid cyst is:

Select one or more of the following:

  • mature teratoma, which occurrs most frequently in the ovary

  • benign tumor of cells of the soft meninges

  • pigmental tumor

  • benign tumor associated with pregnancy

Explanation

Question 34 of 119

1

Basal cell cancer is localized most often:

Select one or more of the following:

  • in the skin of the forearm

  • skin on palms

  • skin of the lower limbs

  • face

Explanation

Question 35 of 119

1

The term "patognomonic changes' means:

Select one or more of the following:

  • unexplained changes

  • changes specific for the diagnosis

  • paradoxal changes

  • diffuse inflammatory changes

Explanation

Question 36 of 119

1

Amyloid demonstrates the following characteristics:

Select one or more of the following:

  • is a fibrillary protein

  • is positive with Perls stain

  • is Congo-red negative

  • is deposited in giant cells

Explanation

Question 37 of 119

1

Specify the correct meaning:

Select one or more of the following:

  • livores — postmortem change of the color in certain (lower) parts of the body

  • rigor mortis - cooling of the body after death

  • algor mortis — postmortem muscle stiffness

  • autolysis — postmortem decay

Explanation

Question 38 of 119

1

ULCUS RODENS (rodent ulcer) is a metaphor for macroscopical finding in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • adenocarcinoma of the stomach

  • luetic ulcer

  • rodent bites

  • basal cell carcinoma

Explanation

Question 39 of 119

1

Complete and entire removing of a lesion applies to which type of biopsy :

Select one or more of the following:

  • incision biopsy

  • aspiration biopsy

  • excision biopsy

  • puncture biopsy

Explanation

Question 40 of 119

1

Specify the typical signs of mucoid edema

Select one or more of the following:

  • positive staining for fibrin

  • metachromasia when staining with Toluidine blue

  • basophilia of extracellular matrix

  • preserved striation of transverse collagen fibers

Explanation

Question 41 of 119

1

Embolus coming out of the right atrium may be found in which of these vessels?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a. pulmonalis

  • vv. pulmonalis

  • aorta

  • a. bronchialis

Explanation

Question 42 of 119

1

Lung hemosiderosis can develop in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • chronic right-sided heart failure

  • chronic left-sided heart failure

  • mitral valve stenosis

  • tricuspid valve insufficiency

Explanation

Question 43 of 119

1

How to prove air embolism:

Select one or more of the following:

  • in the presence of witnesses

  • by puncture in the right ventricle

  • autopsy should be done when the dead body is immersed in water

  • by puncture in left ventricle

Explanation

Question 44 of 119

1

Which are the predisposing conditions for development of hemorrhagic infarction of the lung?

Select one or more of the following:

  • thrombosis of a branch of bronchial artery

  • thromboembolism of a branch of pulmonary artery

  • double circulation of the lungs

  • chronic venous congestion in the lung

Explanation

Question 45 of 119

1

Hyperemic-haemorrhagic zone occurs in:

Select one or more of the following:

  • in gout around uric acid deposits

  • anemic infarction

  • nodular amyloidosis

  • pneumonia 'crouposa'

Explanation

Question 46 of 119

1

The term 'mononuclear' inflammatory infiltrate includes:

Select one or more of the following:

  • eosinophils

  • neutrophils

  • plasma cells

  • lymphocytes

Explanation

Question 47 of 119

1

What type of changes predominate in proliferative (chronic) specific inflammation:

Select one or more of the following:

  • granulomas

  • abscess

  • diffuse inflammation

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 48 of 119

1

The development of a new tumor in the scarring area of previously surgically removed malignant tumor is called:

Select one or more of the following:

  • recurrence

  • ectopia

  • malignant degeneration

  • retrograde metastasis

Explanation

Question 49 of 119

1

Presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the stroma of tumors is called:

Select one or more of the following:

  • reactive inflammation

  • morphological anaplasia

  • stromal reaction

  • sinus histiocytosis

Explanation

Question 50 of 119

1

Epithelial cancers are characterized by:

Select one or more of the following:

  • expansive growth

  • cell atypia

  • mostly lymphogenic metastases

  • metastases mainly by hematogenous way

Explanation

Question 51 of 119

1

The term "patognomonic" changes mean:

Select one or more of the following:

  • unexplained changes

  • changes specific for the diagnosis

  • paradoxal changes

  • diffuse inflammatory changes

Explanation

Question 52 of 119

1

The following microscopic description of a liver steciment indicate: "After preparation of the specimen with paraffin method and staining with H-E, hepatocytes show empty vacuoles with different size, the nuclei are often displaced to the periphery and the cytoplasm looks empty."

Select one or more of the following:

  • liver steatosis/fatty liver

  • liver anthracosis

  • liver jaundice

  • liver hemosiderosis

Explanation

Question 53 of 119

1

Which type of liver degeneration can be proved with the following description? — The specimen is prepared from fresh unfixed tissue or fixed with formalin, cut on a frozen microtom and stained with Sudan Ill in orange.

Select one or more of the following:

  • carbohydrate degeneration

  • cell edema

  • bilirubin accumulation/jaundice in the liver

  • fatty degeneration/liver steatosis

Explanation

Question 54 of 119

1

The following gross description "red and yellow stripes in the papillary muscles" is characteristic for:

Select one or more of the following:

  • lipomatosis of the heart

  • tiger heart

  • fatty liver

  • jaundice of the liver

Explanation

Question 55 of 119

1

The following gross description "fatty accumulation along the coronary vessels, but in severe cases the lipid accumulation is diffusely spread under the epicardium" is characteristic for:

Select one or more of the following:

  • lipomatosis of the heart

  • tiger heart

  • fatty degeneration of the heart

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 56 of 119

1

The following description indicate which type of change: "Peribronchial and perivascular spaces revealled black pigment which on high magnification appears as small granules. Some of the pigment is found in the macrophages lying in the alveolar spaces (coniophages)".

Select one or more of the following:

  • coal dust in lungs

  • antracosis pulmonis

  • brown induration of lungs

  • lung infarction

Explanation

Question 57 of 119

1

What change of the lung is described? — H-E staining: The alveoli are filled with siderophages. They accumulate golden-brown pigment as a result of phagocytosis of the hemolized erytrocytes due to intra-alveolar per-diapedesin hemorrhages. Intraalveolar septa are thickened because of the development of connective tissue.

Select one of the following:

  • antracosis pulmonis

  • hemorrhagic infarction of the lung

  • hemosiderosis pulmonis

  • lung edema

Explanation

Question 58 of 119

1

The following microscopic description indicates:
"Yellow-brown-green pigment is accumulated as tiny granules in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes, in the lumens of the biliary capillaries as bile thrombi and in the lumens of bileducts as cylinders.

Select one of the following:

  • fatty degeneration of the liver

  • massive necrosis of the liver

  • chronic venous congestion of the liver

  • jaundice of the liver

Explanation

Question 59 of 119

1

The following microscopic description indicates:
H-E staining: The epithelial cells of the renal tubules accumulate yellow browm-green pigment as tiny granules in their cytoplasm. The same pigment is accumulated as cylinders in the lumens of the straight and collective renal tubules

Select one of the following:

  • argyria of the kidney

  • jaundice of the kidney/icterus renis

  • carbohydrate degeneration of the kidney

  • chronic pyelonephritis

Explanation

Question 60 of 119

1

The following microscopic description indicates:
H-E staining: The lesion consists of nests of normal melanocytes that accumulate different quantity of brown-black pigment. These cells can be found in papillary or reticular derma of the skin.

Select one of the following:

  • naevus pigmentosus

  • melanoma malignum

  • skin oedema

  • basal cell carcinoma

Explanation

Question 61 of 119

1

The following gross description of the lungs is typical for:
"Brick-red to brown colour of the lungs, firm consistency, decreased elasticity"

Select one of the following:

  • antracosis pulmonis

  • brown induration of the lungs

  • pneumonia developing in both lungs

  • lung infarction

Explanation

Question 62 of 119

1

The following clinical features: left-sided heart failure, dyspnoe (shortness of breath), frequent cough with rusty colour expectoration, can be seen in:

Select one of the following:

  • brown induration of the lungs/hemosiderosis of lungs

  • heart tamponade

  • 1st degree AV-block

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 63 of 119

1

Which heart disease can be described with the following microscopic picture'. The cuspid valve when stained with H-E shows loose area — clear and unstained spaces between fibrous structures representing interstitional mucoid
Fibroblasts are seen around this clear zone and in the periphery of the cuspid valve (sign of fibrosis). The valve contains many newly formed capillaries (the is called vascularization).

Select one of the following:

  • acute endocarditis

  • subacute endocarditis

  • age-related degeneration of the valve

  • rheumatism

Explanation

Question 64 of 119

1

Which answer is correct for the following microscopic description: I-I-E staining: The liver columns are atrophic, the sinusoids look dilated. The hepatocytes are smaller in size and contain brown-golden pigment granules with perinuclear localization.

Select one of the following:

  • nutmeg liver

  • cyanosis hepatis

  • acute hepatitis

  • atrophy of the liver

Explanation

Question 65 of 119

1

"The following description of the liver is indicative for:
The liver is increased in size, with firm texture, red-purple color, congested vessels, microscopically the sinusoids are dilated and filled with erythrocytes.

Select one of the following:

  • hepar muschatum/nutmeg liver

  • cyanosis of the liver

  • brown atrophy of the liver

  • liver cirrhosis

Explanation

Question 66 of 119

1

The following description of the liver is indicative for:
The liver is increased in size, with motley cut surface showing red areas surrounded by yellow halo:

Select one of the following:

  • nutmeg liver

  • cyanosis of the liver

  • brown atrophy of the liver

  • liver cirrhosis

Explanation

Question 67 of 119

1

The following microscopic description is indicative for:
H-E staining: Sinusoids are dilated and filled with blood. "Bloody lakes"are seen in the centro-lobular areas among the necrotic hepatocytes. The hepatocytes around them are with lipid degeneration and look like "signet-ring" cells. In the intermediate lobular areas the hepatocytes are atrophic.

Select one of the following:

  • cyanosis hepatis

  • nutmeg liver

  • liver cirrhosis

  • liver amyloidosis

Explanation

Question 68 of 119

1

The following microscopic description is indicative for:
H-E staining: Alveolar spaces are filled with precipitaded homogenous pink fluid. Alveolar septi and capillaries are dilated and filled with erythrocytes. Airy bubbles can be found in the alveolar cavities and in the lumens of bronchi.

Select one of the following:

  • hemorrhagic infarction of the lung

  • hemosiderosis pulmonis

  • pulmofibrosis

  • lung edema

Explanation

Question 69 of 119

1

Indicate the cause of death according to the described test.
"After Y-shaped opening of the pericardium, the pulmonary artery is cut on 2cm after its beginning. Tweezers are inserted in the vessel and its content is taken out, which looks dry and crumblie".

Select one of the following:

  • massive thromboembolism in the trunk of a. pulmonalis (saddle embolus)

  • air embolism

  • amniotic embolism

  • heart tamponade

Explanation

Question 70 of 119

1

Indicate the cause of death according to the described test:
"After Y-shaped opeing, the pericardial sac is filled with water. After puncture of the right heart ventricle with a sharp knife are seen air bubbles".

Select one of the following:

  • massive thromboembolism in the trunk of a.pulmonalis (saddle embolus)

  • air embolism

  • amniotic embolism

  • heart tamponade

Explanation

Question 71 of 119

1

The following microscopic description is indicative for:
H-E staining. Thrombus formation with layered structure, occluding completely or partially the lumen of the blood vessel. In the area of disturbed endothelial layer is seen alternation of pink stripes and bands (aggregated thrombocytes and fibrin fibres) and orange accumulations (erythrocytes).

Select one of the following:

  • red thrombus

  • white thrombus

  • mixed thrombus

  • hyaline thrombus

Explanation

Question 72 of 119

1

The following microscopic description of the kidney is indicative for:
H-E staining: On low magnification is seen pinkish area with no nuclei or picnotic nuclei and the cytoplasms of the necrotic cells is granular and eosinophillic. Kidney structures look like shadows. This pinkish area is surrounded by blue rim, of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes and leucocyts) and thin band of erythrocytes (the so called hyperemic-hemorrhagic area).

Select one of the following:

  • acute pyelonephritis

  • anemic infarction of the kidney

  • amyloidosis of the kidney

  • chronic pyelonephritis

Explanation

Question 73 of 119

1

The following microscopic description of the lung indicates for:
On H-E staining: Necropsy material taken 24 hours after death. The alveoli are filled with agglutinated and hemolized erythrocytes, the alveolar walls are necrotic. The preserved alveoli are filled with edematous fluid and hemosiderophages. The latest changes are a sign for chronic venous congestion.

Select one of the following:

  • hemorrhagic infarction of the lung and hemosiderosis

  • pneumonia and hemosiderosis

  • small cell cancer and hemosiderosis

  • pneumonia and lung edema

Explanation

Question 74 of 119

1

The following microscopic description of the lung is indicative for:
The specimen is prepared by frozen section of unfixed tissue. Sudan Ill staining shows round, oval, elongated or branched, orange stained drops in the capillaries, with complete occlusion of their lumen.

Select one of the following:

  • parasite embolism of the lung

  • thromboembolism of the lung

  • amniotic embolism

  • fat embolism of the lung

Explanation

Question 75 of 119

1

What is the organ diagnosis if during autopsy are seen the following changes: Complicated atherosclerotic plaques of the aorta and renal arteries with ulceration and thrombosis, small in size right kidney showing depressed area in its middle part, which is 3x4cm in size, with pale color, firm texture and triangular shape.

Select one of the following:

  • chronic pyelonephritis

  • anemic infarction of the kidney

  • chronic glomerulonephritis

  • abscess of the kidney

Explanation

Question 76 of 119

1

The following microscopic description of the heart is indicative for: H-E staining: Among the myocardium are found cavities filled with purulent exudate. In the centre of some of them are seen groups of microorganisms, stained in dark blue. The adjacent cardiomyocytes are with dystrophic changes, multitude neutrophiles are seen in the interstitium.

Select one of the following:

  • acute purulent pericarditis

  • acute absceding myocarditis

  • acute viral myocarditis

  • rheumatic myocarditis

Explanation

Question 77 of 119

1

What is the described disease in the liver?
H-E staining "Description of the wall of a cyst. Pink slender membrane is pathognomonic for the disease. It represents tick, multilayered acellular band which looks like "cigarette smoke". There is a fibrous capsule between the membrane and the normal liver tissue, compoused of collagen connective tissue. Single bile ducts and chronic inflammatory cells are included among the collagen fibres."

Select one of the following:

  • actinomycosis

  • amebiasis

  • chronic abscess

  • echinococcus

Explanation

Question 78 of 119

1

Suggest the correct answer according to the following microscopic description. H-E staining: The tumor is composed of branches and nests of basal type cells — spindle, with scanty cytoplasm and moderate atypia of nuclei. Mitoses are rarely seen. In the solid nests tumor cells have palisade peripheral arrangement The stromal reaction is presented by lymphocytes and plasma cells. The tumor nests infiltrate the deep dermal layers.

Select one of the following:

  • basal cell papilloma of the skin

  • squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

  • pigmented nevus

  • basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Explanation

Question 79 of 119

1

Indicate the correct answer for the following description: "Tumor-like process located on the gingiva. Histologically, under the stratified squamous gingival epithelium are found fibroblast-like cells and giant cells looking like osteoclasts, located in optically empty spaces. Light stripe of connective tissue separates the epithelium and the tumor-like process

Select one of the following:

  • fibroma

  • giant cell epulis

  • adamantinoma

  • cementoma

Explanation

Question 80 of 119

1

Indicate the diagnosis according to the following microscopic description: H-E staining: The thyroid gland is lavishly infiltrated by the lymphocytes and plasma cells. Plenty of lymph follicles are also formed, they are with the wide light centres. The lymphoid infiltration disrupts the lymph follicles; in the preserved ones the colloid is scanty or missing. High cubic eosinophilic cells of Hurtle type can be seen.

Select one of the following:

  • Goiter

  • Riddle thyroiditis

  • Lymphoma in the thyroid gland

  • Hashimoto thyroiditis

Explanation

Question 81 of 119

1

Suggest the diagnosis according to the following microscopic description: H-E staining: Capsulated tumor with uneven, lobular structure. Different lobules are made up of cells containing optically empty vacuoles in their cytoplasm They push the cells' nuclei to the periphery under the cytoplasmic membrane.

Select one of the following:

  • fibroma

  • leiomyoma

  • lymphangioma

  • lipoma

Explanation

Question 82 of 119

1

Suggest the correct diagnosis according to the following microscopic description. H-E staining: Unencapsulated intradermal tumor which is poorly distinguished from the adjacent tissue and covered by the atrophic epidermis. The tumor is composed of the capillary vessels with erythrocytes in their lumena.

Select one of the following:

  • cavernous hemangioma of the skin

  • capillary lymphangioma of the skin

  • capillary hemangioma of the skin

  • hygroma of the skin

Explanation

Question 83 of 119

1

Suggest the diagnosis according to the following microscopic description. H-E stining: Unencapsulated liver tumor which is well distinguished from the adjacent tissues. It is composed of the large vascular spaces resembling similar vascular structures in the penis. Erythrocytes and hemolyzed blood are seen in the lumina of these large vessels. The walls of these structures represent fibrous septi covered with one or two lines of endothelial cells.

Select one of the following:

  • cavernous hemangioma

  • capillary hemangioma

  • angiosarcoma

  • lymphangioma

Explanation

Question 84 of 119

1

Suggest the diagnosis according to the jV)llowing microscopic description: Il-E staining: Unencapsulated uterine tumor which is composed of the spindle cells arranged in bundles. These bundles cross in different directions, Slight tissue atypia is seen, presented by chaotic bundles of spindle cells

Select one of the following:

  • Ieiomyosarcoma uteri

  • Ieiomyoma uteri

  • endometrial carcinoma

  • endometrial sarcoma

Explanation

Question 85 of 119

1

Suggest the diagnosis according to the microscopic description. I-I-E staining: The tumor is composed of highly differentiated tissue elements from the three germinal cell layers -- mesodermal layer (connective tissue, collagen fibres, fatty tissue, cartilage and others), endodermal layer (glands) and ectodermal layer (skin, columnar epithelium, stratified squamous epithelium, brain substance). They create a variety of the morphological picture. There isn't any sign of cell atypia. Cystic changes are often seen.

Select one of the following:

  • teratocarcinoma

  • mature teratoma

  • dermoid cyst

  • pleomorphic adenoma

Explanation

Question 86 of 119

1

A resident in surgery is looking for a consultation with regard to a breast nodule in a young woman: can a morphological examination be done prior to surgery? How the specimen should be taken and in what fixative? Which are the other options for a routine examination? What addition morphological methods can be involved?

Select one of the following:

  • complete excision if the tumor is small in size and frozen section during surgery

  • incision biopsy if the tumor is bigger in size followed by frozen section during surgery

  • thin-needle biopsy followed by cytology examination

  • all of the listed above

Explanation

Question 87 of 119

1

The autopsy of a 65- year old patient, alcohol addicted with diabetes, emphysema and pneumonia revealed gross changes in the liver. It's enlarged and heavy (21 10g) with smooth surface and soft consistency. The cut surface is yellowbrown and the lobular structure is unclear. What is the diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

  • fatty degeneration

  • carbohydrate degeneration

  • protein degeneration

  • all the three are possible

Explanation

Question 88 of 119

1

The autopsy of a patient with pernicious anemia showed dilated right heart chamber. The myocardium is loose and pale. As a result of the hypoxia, the major changes are seen under the endocardium, mainly in the area of papillary muscles. What changes do you expect to see?

Select one of the following:

  • lipomatosis of the heart

  • carbohydrate degeneration of the heart

  • tiger heart/fatty degeneration of the heart

  • heart infarction

Explanation

Question 89 of 119

1

52-year old woman with medical history of tonsillitis, developed heart valve defect. She complained of cough, sometimes with rusty expectoration and difficulties in breathing when she is lying in bed. Auscultation revealed small moist noises in both lung bases. What is the cause for all these complains and clinical findings?

Select one of the following:

  • mitral valve stenosis

  • tricuspidal valve stenosis

  • aortic valve stenosis

  • aortic valve insufficiency

Explanation

Question 90 of 119

1

Body of a man with total cachexia is sent for an autopsy. The skin is darkbronze. The two suprarenal glands are entirely ruined by tuberculosis. Which is the disease?

Select one of the following:

  • Cohn's disease

  • Addison's disease

  • Cushing's syndrome

  • Waterhouse-Fridricksen's syndrome

Explanation

Question 91 of 119

1

Nodule measuring 2cm from the parotid gland of a 32 year old male patient was sent for the histological examination. Histological result showed jelly-like and at some areas chondroid substance which surrounds glandular structures and strands of flat cylindrical and spindle cells. Suggest the diagnosis.

Select one of the following:

  • adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland

  • acute syalodenitis

  • pleomorphic adenoma

  • mucinous carcinoma

Explanation

Question 92 of 119

1

Autopsy of a young man died 2 days after car accident reveals fracture of the femur and massive crush of the soft tissues. Lungs are normal in shape and size but with expressive hyperemia. The cut surface is shiny with minute droplets of the size of the head of a pin. Indicate the cause of death:

Select one of the following:

  • fat embolism

  • air embolism

  • thromboembolism

  • bacterial embolism

Explanation

Question 93 of 119

1

Autopsy of a patient with pernicious anemia shows dilated right ventricle with anemic infarction. On papillary muscles are detected yellowish stripes. What pathological finding is seen in this case?

Select one of the following:

  • hyperplasia of fat cells

  • „tiger heart" - fatty degeneration of cardiomyocites

  • lipomatosis

  • brown atrophy

Explanation

Question 94 of 119

1

A tumor from the left forearm in a 39-year old woman was resected. Grossly it is well circumscribed, with a diameter of 3 cm. On histology: tumor cells are spindleshaped, grouped in bundles, nuclei form palisade structures. Set the diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • fibroma

  • leiomyoma

  • myxoma

  • neurinoma

Explanation

Question 95 of 119

1

An autopsy of a 60-years all man revealed a thickened and soft wall of the stomach with indistinct layers. Cut surface showed presence of the dirty grayish -green pus-like material. What disease is this:

Select one of the following:

  • chronic gastritis

  • phlegmonous gastritis

  • acute gastric ulcer

  • chronic gastric ulcer

Explanation

Question 96 of 119

1

At an autopsy in the temporal lobe of the brain a cyst with a diameter of 2 cm, with smooth walls and clear pale yellow liquid was found .What can it be :

Select one of the following:

  • abscess of the brain

  • pseudocyst of the brain

  • tumor

  • encephalitis

Explanation

Question 97 of 119

1

A man of 68 years is complaining of severe pain in the muscles of the legs occurring when walking fast, which disappears after a short rest. Indicate the correct diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • varicose veins in the lower extremities

  • intermittent claudication

  • polio-encephalitis

  • popliteal vein thrombosis

Explanation

Question 98 of 119

1

A week after surgery for inguinal hernia at the site of operation appears a nodule. Microscopically there are macrophages, lymphocytes and lots of capillaries with scattered neutrophils. What is a diagnosed?

Select one of the following:

  • repair tissue

  • granulation tissue

  • tumor process

  • disorder of microcirculation

Explanation

Question 99 of 119

1

During an opera performance a singer suddenly lost consciousness and after a few hours died with the signs of hemorrhagic shock without clear source of bleeding. At the autopsy are found 2.5 L. blood in the abdomen from subcapsular rupture of an unencapsulatcd tumor formation in the liver, with spongy structure, cherry -red color and size - 15 x 15cm. Which are the causes of death?

Select one or more of the following:

  • ruptured cavernous hemangioma of the liver

  • mesenteric thrombosis and paralytic ileus

  • diffuse peritonitis due to hemorrhage

  • hemorrhagic shock due to blood loss

Explanation

Question 100 of 119

1

Left hemisphere of brain demonstrates a well circumscribed tumor with a diameter of 3cm, greyish- brown color and a thick consistency, attached to the dura mater. The underlying brain tissue shows a compression pit. Point the most likely macroscopic diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • meningioma

  • astrocytoma

  • neurinoma

  • medulloblastoma

Explanation

Question 101 of 119

1

On the plantar surface of a 35 year old woman there is a bluish-black tumor with lobulated uneven surface covered with bloody crusts. Histology shows epithelioid cells with different shapes and sizes with pigment granules in the cytoplasm. Infiltrative gro•vvth in respect to dermis and epidermis is present. Give a diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • nevus pigmentosus

  • efelides

  • melanoma malignum

  • basal cell carcinoma

Explanation

Question 102 of 119

1

At an autopsy in the upper area of the right lung are detected changes including two foci with stone-hard density. The cut-surface is whitish and is grinding like sand. How to explain the presence of these calcium salts?

Select one of the following:

  • calcium gout

  • deposits of uric acid crystals

  • degenerative calcification in old tuberculosis focus

  • metastatic calcification

Explanation

Question 103 of 119

1

68 year-old man complains of a face ulcer with thick edges and black base covered with brownish crusts. Histologically nests of round cells that form peripheral palisade structures are seen. Which is the correct diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

  • basal cell carcinoma

  • squamous cell carcinoma

  • malignant melanoma

  • nevus pigmentosus

Explanation

Question 104 of 119

1

A man of 62, smoker with obesity, treated in a dermatological clinic due to skin problems, dies suddenly after a severe chest pain . Clinicians set as the final diagnosis the skin disease for which he has been admitted to the hospital. At the autopsy a 3.5 cm clay-like area with irregular shape in the anterior wall of the left ventricle was seen. The descending left coronary artery was almost entirely occluded by atherosclerosis. What is the correct diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

  • rupture of the heart

  • myocardial infarction

  • acute heart failure

  • cerebral infarction

Explanation

Question 105 of 119

1

The autopsy of a 43 years old man reveals brain meninges covered by the thick yellowish exudate. Meningeal vessels are hyperemic, brain tissue is edematous. What is your diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

  • acute encephalitis

  • polio-encephalitis

  • cerebellar herniation

  • acute purulent meningitis

Explanation

Question 106 of 119

1

A 35 year old man felt his right parotid gland enlarged, with a nodule 2 cm in diameter, well demarcated and dense. Histology shows jelly-like structures and immature cartilage and between them glandular structures and strands of cubic. cylindrical cells and ducts. Specify the diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland

  • adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland

  • myxoma of parotid gland

  • chondroma of parotid gland

Explanation

Question 107 of 119

1

During the autopsy in the temporal lobe of the brain is found a cyst 2cm in diameter, with smooth walls filled with a clear pale yellow liquid. Indicate what it is:

Select one of the following:

  • brain abscess

  • pseudocyst of the brain

  • tumor

  • encephalitis

Explanation

Question 108 of 119

1

At autopsy, in the abdominal cavity and on appendices epiploice, many "chalky" white spots are clearly seen. The finding is the same in the pancreas. Point the diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • steatonecrosis in acute pancreatitis

  • fibrino-purulent peritonitis

  • carcinomatosis of peritoneum

  • serous peritonitis

Explanation

Question 109 of 119

1

The autopsy of a young man died several hours after a car accident shows fracture of his left femur with massive smash of the soft tissues. The lungs are normal in shape and size, but intensively congested. Their cut surface is shiny and small droplets the size of a 'pin head' appear on it. Specify the cause of death:

Select one of the following:

  • fat embolism

  • air embolism

  • thromboembolism

  • bacterial embolism

Explanation

Question 110 of 119

1

69 year old male, who has suffered from varicose veins of the legs for 20 years, is admitted for surgical treatment. 15 days after surgery, when he suddenly rose up from bed, he felt sick, complained of severe shortness of breath, lost consciousness and died within a few minutes. Indicate the most likely cause of death:

Select one of the following:

  • mesenteric thrombosis

  • cerebral infarction

  • thromboembolism of pulmonary artery

  • myocardial infarction

Explanation

Question 111 of 119

1

28 year old woman a year ago felt a 'knot' in the breast 2 centimeters in diameter, well demarcated, painless, mobile, thick. Histology shows concentric connective tissue around the ducts of the breast without compressing and distortion of the ducts. Specify the exact histologic diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • adenocarcinoma

  • pericanalicular fibroadenoma

  • intracanalicular fibroadenoma

  • scirrous cancer

Explanation

Question 112 of 119

1

Bilateral on the skin of the eyelids are seen bulging above the level of the skin nodules yellow color with the size of rice grains. What is it?

Select one of the following:

  • deposition of hemosiderin

  • common mole

  • nevus

  • xantelasmas

Explanation

Question 113 of 119

1

The autopsy of a deceased patient shows swollen and very soft meninges of the temporal area with greyish-green color. Microscopic examination reveals that the meninges are rich of leukocytes. What illness is concerned:

Select one of the following:

  • purulent meningitis

  • brain abscess

  • tuberculous meningitis

  • encephalitis

Explanation

Question 114 of 119

1

The autopsy of an old man who died suddenly found complicated atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta, coronary and cerebral arteries. The heart is enlarged with dilated heart chambers. The right atrium shows brittle grey-brown material with uneven surface, close to the endocardium. The main trunk and two main branches of the pulmonary artery show 'saddle' grey-brown brittle material. Identify the immediate cause of death:

Select one of the following:

  • myocardial infarction

  • embolism of the pulmonary vein

  • thromboembolism of pulmonary artery

  • mesenteric thrombosis

Explanation

Question 115 of 119

1

39 year old female underwent surgery to remove a tumor from her left forearm.
The tumor is 3cm in diameter, well demarcated and dense. Histology shows fusiform (spindle) cells which are grouped in bundles, with nuclei arranged in palisades ('fence wall' pattern). Set the diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • fibroma

  • mixoma

  • Ileiomyoma

  • neurinoma

Explanation

Question 116 of 119

1

39-year-old female has surgically removed tumor from her left forearm measuring 3 cm in diameter, well demarcated and dense. Histology shows fusiform (spindle) cells grouped in bundles, with palisading ('fence' type pattern) nuclei. Specify the diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • fibroma

  • Ileiomyoma

  • mixoma

  • neurinoma

Explanation

Question 117 of 119

1

At autopsy the stomach is with a large tumor with gelatinous appearance. Microscopically, the tumor cells show 'signet ring'-shaped appearance, in whose cytoplasm PAS reaction is positive. What type of degeneration is the pathological process associated the gelatinous appearance of tumor?

Select one of the following:

  • mucoid degeneration

  • hyaline degeneration

  • fatty degeneration

  • fibrinoid edema

Explanation

Question 118 of 119

1

At autopsy in the frontal lobe of the brain is found well visible and demarcated area with 3 cm in diameter, with gray-green color, well circumscribed from the surrounding tissue, filled with decaying substance. What illness is described?

Select one of the following:

  • purulent meningitis

  • encephalitis

  • chronic abscess

  • tuberculous meningitis

Explanation

Question 119 of 119

1

At autopsy, in the abdominal cavity and on appendices epiploice, many "chalky" white spots are clearly seen. The finding is the same in the pancreas. Point the diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • serous peritonitis

  • carcinomatosis of peritoneum

  • fibrino-purulent peritonitis

  • steatonecrosis in acute pancreatiti

Explanation

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