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Armando Cotugno
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An overview of computer systems

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Armando Cotugno
Created by Armando Cotugno about 7 years ago
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ComputerSystemSoftwareHardwareThe physical parts of acomputer that can be touchedThe programs and appsthat run on a computerAn electronic device that can input,process, output and store dataInputdevicesOutputdevicesStoragedevicesProcessingdevicesHardware parts that areused to put new data intothe computerHardware parts that thecomputer uses to presentdata to the userDataHardware parts thathold datapermanently, forfuture useHardware partsthat are in chargeof processingdataKeyboardMouseScannerWebcamMicrophoneMonitorPrinterSpeakersHeadphonesMagnetic typeSolid state typeOptical typeHard disk driveUSB Flash DriveSolid State DriveSD CardCD ROMDVDAudio CDCPUMemoryRAMROMFetch, Decode,Execute cycleClock SpeedRead Only Memory - Holds the start-upinstructions for the computerRandom Access Memory - Temporarymemory. Holds the instructions anddata that the CPU is using.Central Processing Unit - The brain ofthe computer. Processes data andinstructions. Data and instructionsmust be in memory for the CPU touse.Measures the number of FDEcycles carried out everysecond by the CPU1 Hertz (1 Hz) = 1 cycle per second1 Kilohertz (1 KHz) = 1'000 cycles per second1 Megahertz (1 GMHz) = 1 million cycles per second1 Gigahertz (1 GHz) = 1 billion cycles per secondRepeats forever, as long as thecomputer is switched on. The CPUfetches one instruction frommemory, decodes the instruction tounderstand what needs to be done,and executes (carries out) theinstruction.ROM is non-volatile - it keeps thedata even when the computer isswitched offRAM is volatile - the data iserased when the computer isswitched offEverything that acomputer can work with -this includes numbers,text, images, videos, sound,and instructionsBinaryComputers can only work withnumbers. These numbers mustbe written in binary, using only0's and 1's. All data (numbers,text, images etc.) must becomebinary numbers when it isprocessed and stored in acomputer.Microsoft Windows 10Apple iOSAndroidMicrosoft WordGoogle ChromeMinecraftWhatsAppBit = 1 single 0 or 11 Byte = 8 bits1 Kilobyte (1 KB) = 1'000 bytes1 Megabyte (1 MB) = 1'000 KB = 1 million bytes1 Gigabyte (1 GB) = 1'000 MB = 1 billion bytes1 Terabyte (1 TB) = 1'000 GB = 1 trillion bytesOne text characterA paragraph of textA medium/large image300 MP3 songs, 40 minutes high-quality videoThe entire Encyclopaedia BritannicaNumbersTextBinary is a different way torepresent numbers, using only0's and 1'sThe CPU can only read instructionsand data from the ROM. The CPUcannot write anything on the ROM- ROM is Read Only Memory.The CPU can readinstructions and data fromthe RAM. The CPU can writenew data on the RAM.ASCIIAmerican Standard Code forInformation Interchange - A code torepresent all characters as binarynumbersASCII code for 'A' is 01000001ASCII code for 'B' is 01000010ASCII code for '8' is 00111000 (not the same as the number eightASCII table onlineAll numbers can be representedas a sequence of bits (0's and 1's)Each bit has a weight based on itsposition - this is called the place valuePlace values start with 1 for the first bit ONTHE RIGHT, then double up for every bit we goto the left. From right to left, place values are1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128..Double click this nodeto edit the textClick and drag this buttonto create a new node