Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters

Question 1 of 63

1

"Hippo Hat"
HIPPO - hippocampus
H - hypothalamus
A - Amygdala
T - thalamus

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 2 of 63

1

The purpose of the limbic system is

Select one of the following:

process sensory information
it attaches emotional significance to our perceptions and drives our actions
allows is to act (move) in the world

Explanation

Question 3 of 63

1

Feelings underlying love, altruism, morals, as well as anger, resentment, jealousy and greed are all generated by the limbic system.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 4 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The limbic system is an ( integrative, separate, equilizing ) system that utilizes information from and has complex connections with, many different subsystems (motor, sensory, and autonomic systems).

Explanation

Question 5 of 63

1

The following are functions of the limbic system

Select one or more of the following:

Integrate all experiences
Attaches emotional value & drive responses to them
Consolidates emotional experiences into memories
Innervates organ systems and muscles that are not under voluntary control
Controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Explanation

Question 6 of 63

1

Which functions are the limbic system involved in?

Select one or more of the following:

learning
sensory
memory
motor movement
emotion
executive function
homeostatic control

Explanation

Question 7 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

limbic lobe was identified as consisting of a ring-like area of cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere, including the cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and septal cortex – all three of which are interconnected by a white matter pathway called the ( cingulum, striatum, mesolimbic pathway )

Explanation

Question 8 of 63

1

The Papez Circuit includes the following areas of the brain:

Select one or more of the following:

Olfactory tracts & cortex
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. mammillary bodies)
Thalamic nuclei (anterior nucleus)
Orbitofrontal & dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Explanation

Question 9 of 63

1

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 10 of 63

1

The Papez Circuit:
Hippocampus connects to ❌ through the fornix
Mammillary Bodes (Hypothalamus) connect to the ❌ through the mammilo-thalmic tract
Anterior nucli of the thalamus connect to ❌ through internal capsule
Cingulate gyrus connects to ❌ through cingulum

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Mammillary Bodies (Hypothalamus)

Anterior nuclei of the thalamus

cingulate gyrus

hippocampus

Explanation

Question 11 of 63

1

In the Papez circuit, the hippocampus is connected to the Mamillary Bodies (Hypothalamus) by the

Select one of the following:

mammillo-thalamic tract
fornix
internal capsule
cingulum

Explanation

Question 12 of 63

1

In the Papez Circuit, the Mammillary Bodies (hypothalamus) are connected to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus by the

Select one of the following:

fornix
mammillo-thalamic tract
internal capsule
cingulum

Explanation

Question 13 of 63

1

In the Papez Circuit, the anterior nuclei of the thalamus is connected to the cingulate gyrus by the

Select one of the following:

fornix
mammillo-thalamic tract
internal capsule
cingulum

Explanation

Question 14 of 63

1

In the Papez Circuit, the cingulate gyrus is connected to the hippocampus by the

Select one of the following:

fornix
mammillo-thalamic tract
internal capsule
cingulum

Explanation

Question 15 of 63

1

The functions of the limbic system can be divided into four basic categories:

Select one or more of the following:

Olfaction
Homeostatic functions (autonomic & neuroendocrine)
Learning & memory
Emotions & Drives
Execution of movement

Explanation

Question 16 of 63

1

One of the things that makes the olfactory system unique is that smells evoke strong feelings, emotionally enhance our experiences, and facilitate the establishment of memories (all key limbic system functions).

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 17 of 63

1

Olfactory cortex includes a part of the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial aspect of the temporal lobe known as the pyriform cortex that includes a medial bulge known as the uncus.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 18 of 63

1

The uncus is of clinical significance because:

Select one or more of the following:

Seizures can originate in this area (“uncinate fits”) and manifest as hallucinations of disagreeable odors
pathways that course through the uncus, and facilitate communication between specific hypothalamic nuclei and between the hypothalamus and many other brain regions
Lesions in the hemispheres of the brain can result in swelling (or edema), which can subsequently cause herniation of the uncus into the upper brainstem with serious consequences (“uncal herniation”)

Explanation

Question 19 of 63

1

The limbic system modulates and, at times, directly activates the hypothalamus.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 20 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the conscious recollection of facts
( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the subconscious learning of skills, habits or behaviors

Explanation

Question 21 of 63

1

Explicit memory includes

Select one or more of the following:

semantic memory (facts and general knowledge)
Procedural memory (motor & cognitive skills)
Episodic memory (personally experienced events)
Priming (enhanced identification of objects and words)

Explanation

Question 22 of 63

1

The main structure in the limbic system that is important for establishing explicit memories is the

Select one of the following:

amygdala
thalamus
hippocampus
hypothalamus

Explanation

Question 23 of 63

1

Implicit memory refers to the subconscious learning of skills, habits or behaviors (e.g., how to ride a bike), and occurs through circuits of the

Select one or more of the following:

Hippocampus
Extrapyramidal system
Thalamus
Cerebellum

Explanation

Question 24 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Severe memory deficit is usually observed only when the damage is ( bilateral, unilateral )

Explanation

Question 25 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

When lesions/damage create issues in the consolidation process of placing short-term memories into long-term storage this is referred to as ( anterograde, retrograde ) amnesia while ( anterograde, retrograde ) amnesia refers to the loss of previously formed long-term memories.

Explanation

Question 26 of 63

1

What brain structure is a major target in Alzheimer's Disease

Select one of the following:

hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
thalamus

Explanation

Question 27 of 63

1

What nutritional deficiency causes Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome-

Select one of the following:

Riboflavin
Folate
Thiamine
Niacin

Explanation

Question 28 of 63

1

Thiamine deficiency in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, which is usually caused by ETOH can be manifested in

Select one or more of the following:

inability to form memories
seizures
confabulation of facts
aggression

Explanation

Question 29 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Prefrontal cortex:
( Dorsolateral, Ventomedial, Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ) = executive, problem solving and analyzing
( Ventomedial, Dorsolateral, Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ) = role in emotional processing
( Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Dorsolateral, Ventomedial, Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ) = regulate impulses, compulsions, and drives
( Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), Dorsolateral, Ventomedial, Orbitofrona ) = selective attention, emotions, depression, and anxiety

Explanation

Question 30 of 63

1

In the limbic system, the ________is responsible for constructing the perceptions of emotional feelings, making judgements about our experiences, and determining actions in response to the emotional value we place on our experiences

Select one of the following:

hypothalamus
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus

Explanation

Question 31 of 63

1

The ________, which is part of the prefrontal cortex, is involved in impulse control, moral judgement, abstracting the rules of social interaction, and the ability to appreciate the consequences of one's actions

Select one of the following:

dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
orbitofrontal cortex
ventomedial prefrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex

Explanation

Question 32 of 63

1

The _________ is involved primarily in executive functions, contributing to our ability to prioritize and carry out actions, and adapt to change.

Select one of the following:

orbitofrontal cortex
ventomedial prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex

Explanation

Question 33 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Mood, Temperament ) is an internal subjective state that fluctuates in response to physiological and environmental circumstances
( Mood, Temperament ) refers to the relatively stable characteristics and personality traits of individuals and how they engage with the world throughout their lifetime

Explanation

Question 34 of 63

1

When there is dysfunction of the limbic system circuits that give rise to mood and temperament, there can be a significant change in how an individual reacts in the world and with others.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 35 of 63

1

The endogenous reward system involves which structures in the brain

Select one or more of the following:

Prefrontal cortex
Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Nucleus accumbens
Amygdala

Explanation

Question 36 of 63

1

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a tiny group of dopaminergic (releasing or involving dopamine as a neurotransmitter) neurons located in the midbrain that gives rise to two major projections or pathways:

Select one or more of the following:

Fornix
Cingulum "association" pathway
Mesolimbic
Mesocortical

Explanation

Question 37 of 63

1

Mesolimbic:

Select one or more of the following:

Projection is to the nucleus accumbens, and the amygdala.
projection is to the cortex, predominantly the prefrontal cortex
Involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure
involved in motivational behavior; tied to pleasure and reward

Explanation

Question 38 of 63

1

Mesocortical pathway:

Select one or more of the following:

Projection is to the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala.
Projection is to the cortex, predominantly the prefrontal cortex
Involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure
involved in motivational behavior; tied to pleasure and reward.

Explanation

Question 39 of 63

1

VTA and its projections to the nucleus accumbens is involved in virtually every type of addiction

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 40 of 63

1

The ability to attach negative emotions to experiences, which then drive behavior, is what underlies survivability for all animals, including humans.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 41 of 63

1

The major structure of the brain that pairs experience with emotion, including fear, is the __________, a subcortical nuclear complex located in the temporal lobe.

Select one of the following:

hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus
amygdala

Explanation

Question 42 of 63

1

Functions of the amygdala include:

Select one or more of the following:

Determines emotional significance of sensory input
Coordinates a multisystem response to sensory input, especially that which requires immediate attention, such as potential threats
Facilitates the establishment of emotional memory
Influences sexual behavior and food & water intake.
release hormones to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary bed

Explanation

Question 43 of 63

1

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome is a clinical condition where the removal of the bilateral temporal lobes (including the amygdala) leads to:

Select one of the following:

mild retrograde and severe anterograde amnesia;
orthostatic hypotension
hypersexual, docile and unresponsive to innate threats, and developed a voracious appetite.
poikilothermia, a condition in which body temperature varies with the environment.

Explanation

Question 44 of 63

1

The amygdala has widespread and often reciprocal connections to many areas of the brain, including the neocortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, nuclei of the extrapyramidal motor system, and thalamus.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 45 of 63

1

Amygdala receives direct projections from sensory relay nuclei of the ❌, bypassing the ❌ so that emotional significance can be paired with incoming sensory information even before there is a conscious perception of what the stimulus actually is.

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

thalamus

cortex,

Explanation

Question 46 of 63

1

The amygdala is involved in quickly reacting to acute threatening situations by:

Select one or more of the following:

Receiving direct projections from sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus
Rapidly judging experiences and directing an immediate behavioral response
Activating the region of the hypothalamus involved in control of the SNS
Activating the PNS after the threat is over, to bring about a state of rest and relaxation

Explanation

Question 47 of 63

1

If the amygdala and associated limbic system circuits are continuously responding to perceptually stressful stimuli, such as in the setting of chronic stress, there can be negative consequences, including dysfunction of the immune system, the cardiovascular system, and parts of the nervous system.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 48 of 63

1

Each of the nuclei in the limbic system uses a specific neurotransmitter to communicate with other parts of the brain.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 49 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) = turns brain on; builds memory; regulates awareness, movement, sensation & mood
( GABA, Glutamate, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) - turns brain off; involved in sleep, sedation, relaxation, reducing anxiety & decreasing muscle tension
( Endocannabinoids, Glutamate, GABA, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) = regulate pain, appetite
( Serotonin, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylchonie ) = regulate mood, anxiety, appetite, sleep cycle
( Noradrenaline, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) = feelings of alertness, attention, concentration, raising BP, lifts mood, can cause anxiety
( Dopamine, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Acetyhlcholine ) = creates feelings of motivation and drive, liking, attention, pleasure & enjoyment in food
( Acetylcholine, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine ) = regulates sleep cycle and alertness and builds memory

Explanation

Question 50 of 63

1

Within the CNS, there are high concentrations of cholinergic neurons in

Select one or more of the following:

midbrain reticular formation (which facilitates wakefulness)
basal forebrain (crucial role in establishment of memory)
Raphe nucei
Nucleus locus coeruleus

Explanation

Question 51 of 63

1

Acetylcholine acts on target neurons in the _ and the __, strengthening the neural circuits that are involved in memory formation.

Select one or more of the following:

prefrontal cortex
cerebral cortex
hippocampus
orbitocingulate cortex

Explanation

Question 52 of 63

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Serotonin (5–HT) is a monoamine (specifically, an indoleamine) that is produced by nuclei, small groups of serotonergic neurons in the reticular formation extending from the medulla to the midbrain

Explanation

Question 53 of 63

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Dopamine is a monoamine (specifically, a catecholamine) that is produced by several different nuclear groups in the brain. One of these nuclear groups – the – is located in the midbrain, and has major connections to limbic system structures via the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways

Explanation

Question 54 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Mesolimbic pathway, Mesocortical pathway ) (VTA nucleus accumbens and other limbic system structures such as the amygdala) – involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure.
( Mesolimbic pathway, Mesocortical pathway ) (VTA prefrontal cortex) – involved in motivational behavior; tied to pleasure and reward.

Explanation

Question 55 of 63

1

Dopamine (via the mesolimbic & mesocortical pathways) plays a major role in addiction. Any drug that elicits the subjective sense of pleasure or joy acts on these dopaminergic pathways (i.e., the endogenous reward system); and such drugs can be physiologically and/or psychologically addicting.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 56 of 63

1

Norepinephrine is a monoamine (specifically, a catecholamine) that, in the CNS, is produced by the ____________, a tiny, paired nucleus that lies dorsolaterally in the pontine reticular formation.

Select one of the following:

ventral tegmental area (VTA)
raphe nuclei
nucleus locus coeruleus
nucleus accumbens

Explanation

Question 57 of 63

1

Monoamine neurotransmitters modulate our emotional response to the world and our mood. If the levels of the monoamines are increased, there is a feeling of well-being. If levels are decreased, the result can be depression.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 58 of 63

1

The standard classes of medications used to treat depression modulate monoamine neurotransmitters. These drugs might facilitate the transmission of monoamine synaptic connections by:

Select one or more of the following:

facilitate the release of neurotransmitters at the presynaptic terminal
block reuptake of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic terminal
prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
facilitate the reuptake of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic terminal

Explanation

Question 59 of 63

1

The four categories of "antidepressant" medications are:

Select one or more of the following:

Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Designer antidepressants – drugs specifically designed to affect one or more neurotransmitters at sites that are not targeted by TCAs, MAOIs or SSRIs
Going to dinner and drag on a Friday night

Explanation

Question 60 of 63

1

Tricyclic antidepressants work by

Select one of the following:

inhibiting monoamine oxidase is the enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters therby increasing the availability of dopamine, serotonin and dopamine in the synaptic cleft
inhibiting the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters (particularly serotonin and norepinephrine), thereby increasing the concentration and availability of the monoamines to bind postsynaptic receptors.

Explanation

Question 61 of 63

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Glutamate is the ( most, least ) used neurotransmitter in the nervous system and is ( always, never ) thought to cause an excitatory postsynaptic response.

Explanation

Question 62 of 63

1

Neurons that release opioids are also involved in limbic system circuits; in fact, the highest density of opioid receptors is in limbic system structures.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 63 of 63

1

Papez Circuit

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

Hippcampus

Mamillary Bodies

Fornix

Mammillo-thalamic tract

Anterior nuclei of the thalamus

Internal capsule

Cingulate gyrus

Cingulum

	Created by Melanie Grynsztejn over 6 years ago

Quiz on Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters, created by Melanie Grynsztejn on 11/02/2018.

Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters

Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters

Question 1 of 63

"Hippo Hat" HIPPO - hippocampus H - hypothalamus A - Amygdala T - thalamus

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 63

The purpose of the limbic system is

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 63

Feelings underlying love, altruism, morals, as well as anger, resentment, jealousy and greed are all generated by the limbic system.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 63

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The limbic system is an integrative separate equilizing( integrative, separate, equilizing ) system that utilizes information from and has complex connections with, many different subsystems (motor, sensory, and autonomic systems).

Explanation

Question 5 of 63

The following are functions of the limbic system

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 63

Which functions are the limbic system involved in?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 63

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 8 of 63

The Papez Circuit includes the following areas of the brain:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 63

Click on each orange point and select the correct answer.

Label the diagram:

Explanation

Question 10 of 63

The Papez Circuit: Hippocampus connects to ❌ through the fornix Mammillary Bodes (Hypothalamus) connect to the ❌ through the mammilo-thalmic tract Anterior nucli of the thalamus connect to ❌ through internal capsule Cingulate gyrus connects to ❌ through cingulum

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Explanation

Question 11 of 63

In the Papez circuit, the hippocampus is connected to the Mamillary Bodies (Hypothalamus) by the

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 63

In the Papez Circuit, the Mammillary Bodies (hypothalamus) are connected to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus by the

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 63

In the Papez Circuit, the anterior nuclei of the thalamus is connected to the cingulate gyrus by the

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 63

In the Papez Circuit, the cingulate gyrus is connected to the hippocampus by the

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 63

The functions of the limbic system can be divided into four basic categories:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 63

One of the things that makes the olfactory system unique is that smells evoke strong feelings, emotionally enhance our experiences, and facilitate the establishment of memories (all key limbic system functions).

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 63

Olfactory cortex includes a part of the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial aspect of the temporal lobe known as the pyriform cortex that includes a medial bulge known as the uncus.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 63

The uncus is of clinical significance because:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 63

The limbic system modulates and, at times, directly activates the hypothalamus.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 63

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

"Hippo Hat"
HIPPO - hippocampus
H - hypothalamus
A - Amygdala
T - thalamus

The limbic system is an ( integrative, separate, equilizing ) system that utilizes information from and has complex connections with, many different subsystems (motor, sensory, and autonomic systems).

The Papez Circuit:
Hippocampus connects to ❌ through the fornix
Mammillary Bodes (Hypothalamus) connect to the ❌ through the mammilo-thalmic tract
Anterior nucli of the thalamus connect to ❌ through internal capsule
Cingulate gyrus connects to ❌ through cingulum

( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the conscious recollection of facts
( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the subconscious learning of skills, habits or behaviors

Severe memory deficit is usually observed only when the damage is ( bilateral, unilateral )