Alannah McDonnell
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Quiz on Biochem - regulation of metabolism in the fed and fasting states, created by Alannah McDonnell on 05/03/2018.

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Alannah McDonnell
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Biochem - regulation of metabolism in the fed and fasting states

Question 1 of 56

1

What is the fed state?

Select one or more of the following:

  • The absorptive state

  • The 2-4 hour period after ingestion of a normal meal

  • The time after you’ve eaten something

  • The 8 hours after ingestion

Explanation

Question 2 of 56

1

What happens during the fed state?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Plasma levels of CHO, AAs and TAGS rise

  • Plasma levels of CHO, AAs and TAGs fall

  • Islet tissue responds

  • An anabolic period

  • A catabolic period

  • Glucose used as fuel

  • Gluconeogenis is mainly used

  • Metabolic response dominated by alterations in the liver, adipose tissue, muscle and brain

Explanation

Question 3 of 56

1

What factors control the flow of intermediates through metabolism?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Availability of substrates

  • Allosteric activators and inhibitors

  • Synthesis of new enzyme molecules

  • Covalent modification of enzymes

Explanation

Question 4 of 56

1

When does fasting begin?

Select one of the following:

  • If no food is ingested after the absorptive period

  • Once ingestion of a meal ends

  • When eating stops

  • Before the absorptive period begins

Explanation

Question 5 of 56

1

How quickly does the availability of substrates affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?

Select one of the following:

  • Minutes

  • Minutes to hours

  • Seconds

  • Hours to days

Explanation

Question 6 of 56

1

How quickly does the allosteric activators and inhibitors affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?

Select one of the following:

  • Seconds

  • Minutes

  • Minutes to hours

  • Hours to days

Explanation

Question 7 of 56

1

How quickly does the covalent modification of enzymes affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?

Select one of the following:

  • Seconds

  • Minutes

  • Minutes to hours

  • Hours to days

Explanation

Question 8 of 56

1

How quickly does the synthesis of new enzyme molecules affect the flow of intermediates through metabolism?

Select one of the following:

  • Seconds

  • Minutes

  • Minutes to hours

  • Hours to days

Explanation

Question 9 of 56

1

The fed state is a ...

Select one of the following:

  • anabolic period

  • catabolic period

  • osmotic period

Explanation

Question 10 of 56

1

During the fed state nutrients are captured as...

Select one or more of the following:

  • Glycogen

  • TAG

  • proteins

  • alcohol

  • sugar

Explanation

Question 11 of 56

1

Glucokinase has a _______ Km for glucose

Select one of the following:

  • high

  • low

Explanation

Question 12 of 56

1

How does the liver respond to high blood glucose levels?

Select one of the following:

  • by increasing the phosphorylation of glucose

  • by decreasing the phosphorylation of glucose

  • by ingesting glucokinase

  • by allowing sodium into the cell to counteract the blood glucose levels

  • by releasing insulin

Explanation

Question 13 of 56

1

What enzyme phosphorylates glucose?

Select one of the following:

  • glucokinase

  • fructokinase

  • amalase

  • glucolase

Explanation

Question 14 of 56

1

Glucose uptake by the hepatocyte __________ rate limiting

Select one of the following:

  • is

  • is not

Explanation

Question 15 of 56

1

What trasports glucose iinto the liver?

Select one of the following:

  • GLUT 4

  • insulin

  • glucokinase

  • fructokinase

  • amalase

Explanation

Question 16 of 56

1

In the well fed (absorptive state) Glycogen Synthase has a part in one of the major metabolic pathways.
What is glycogen synthase activated by?

Select one of the following:

  • glucose 6-P

  • glucose 7-P

  • glucokinase

  • fructokinase

Explanation

Question 17 of 56

1

What GLUTs do adipocytes contain?

Select one of the following:

  • the insulin sensitive GLUT 4

  • the insulin sensitive GLUT 3

  • the non - insulin sensitive GLUT 4

  • the non-insulin sensitive GLUT 3

  • the insulin sensitive GLUT 2

Explanation

Question 18 of 56

1

Carbohydrate metabolism in the fed state causes.....

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increased glucose transport

  • increased glycolysis

  • increased PPP

  • increased TAG storage

Explanation

Question 19 of 56

1

Fat metabolism in the fed state causes...

Select one of the following:

  • Increased TAG storage

  • Increased glucose transport

  • increased glycolysis

  • increased PPP

Explanation

Question 20 of 56

1

In the absorptive state, CHO Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.

Select one or more of the following:

  • increased glucose transport

  • increased glycogen synthesis

  • increased Fatty Acids

  • increased protein degradation.

  • increased glucose synthase

Explanation

Question 21 of 56

1

The absorptive state is the same as the fed state

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 56

1

In the absorptive state, Fat Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fatty acids from chylomicrons by lipoprotein lipase

  • increased glucose transport

  • increased uptake of BCAAs

  • hunger

  • increased glucose synthase

Explanation

Question 23 of 56

1

In the absorptive state, Amino Acid Metabolism causes ____________ in Skeletal muscle.

Select one or more of the following:

  • increased protein synthase

  • Increased uptake of BCAAs

  • increased glycogen synthesis

  • FA breakdown

  • Protein breakdown

  • amalgamation of amino acids

Explanation

Question 24 of 56

1

During the absorptive state the grain completely....

Select one of the following:

  • oxidizes glucose to CO2 and Water

  • oxidizes glycogen to CO2 and Water

  • oxidizes glycogen to O2 and Water

  • oxidizes glucose to O2 and Water

Explanation

Question 25 of 56

1

What is the main GLUT used in the brain?

Select one of the following:

  • insulin insensitive GLUT-1

  • insulin sensitive GLUT-1

  • insulin insensitive GLUT-3

  • insulin sensitive GLUT-3

Explanation

Question 26 of 56

1

During the fasting state, plasma levels of glucose, amino acids and TAG fall triggering a ....

Select one or more of the following:

  • decline in insulin secretion

  • increase in insulin secretion

  • increase in inulin secretion

  • decline in glucagon secretion

  • increase in glucagon secretion

Explanation

Question 27 of 56

1

the fasting state is __________

Select one of the following:

  • catabolic

  • anabolic

Explanation

Question 28 of 56

1

One of the priorities during the state is the need to maintain adequate levels of to sustain energy metabolism of the s and other glucose requiring tissues.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    RBC
    WBC
    2
    3
    fasting
    fed
    plasma
    blood
    glucose
    glycogen
    brain,
    liver

Explanation

Question 29 of 56

1

The other priority in the state is the need to mobilize acids from tissue, and the synthesis and release of ketone bodies from the to supply to all other tissues.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

    fasting
    fed
    fatty
    amino
    starchy
    adipose
    muscle
    carbohydrate
    liver
    kidneys
    energy

Explanation

Question 30 of 56

1

Hepatic _________ maintains blood glucose

Select one of the following:

  • glycogenolysis

  • glucose synthase

  • glycogen metabolism

  • osmolarity

  • glucofructokinase

Explanation

Question 31 of 56

1

Which of these are used in the liver for gluconeogenesis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • lactate

  • glycerol

  • alanine

  • glucose

Explanation

Question 32 of 56

1

What cycle is important in hepatic gluconeogenesis?

Select one of the following:

  • the cori cycle

  • the acetyl CoA cycle

  • the plasma cycle

  • cycle against suicide

  • glucose cycle

Explanation

Question 33 of 56

1

What cannon be used for NET glucose synthesis?

Select one of the following:

  • acetyl CoA

  • lactate

  • glycerol

  • alanine

Explanation

Question 34 of 56

1

What proteins from muscle are important for net glucose synthesis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • alanine

  • glutamine

  • asphargine

  • calamine

  • glucomine

Explanation

Question 35 of 56

1

When is the postabsoprtive state?

Select one of the following:

  • once you stop eating

  • after an overnight fast

  • during the fed state

  • at the end of the fed state

Explanation

Question 36 of 56

1

What is the early phase of starvation?

Select one of the following:

  • gluconeogenic phase

  • glycolysis phase

  • fasting phase

  • fed phase

  • hepatomatic phase

Explanation

Question 37 of 56

1

How long does the gluconeogenic phase last?

Select one of the following:

  • until the 2nd or 3rd day of absolute starvation

  • until the end of the 1st day of absolute starvation

  • until the 2nd or 3rd week of absolute starvation

  • until the the 7th day of absolute starvation

Explanation

Question 38 of 56

1

When is the period of adaptation to starvation (approx) ?

Select one of the following:

  • over the first 3 weeks

  • over the first 5 days

  • over the 1st week

  • over the first year

Explanation

Question 39 of 56

1

During the phase of adaptation to starvation what happens to the active thyroid hormone?

Select one of the following:

  • levels increase

  • levels decrease

  • it becomes more effective

  • it becomes less effective

Explanation

Question 40 of 56

1

When does the period of adapted starvation begin?

Select one of the following:

  • from 3 weeks onwards

  • from 3 days onwards

  • from 7 weeks onwards

  • from 7 days onwards

Explanation

Question 41 of 56

1

Initially during fasting, levels of fatty acids in the blood are...

Select one of the following:

  • Raised

  • Decreased

  • Normal

Explanation

Question 42 of 56

1

During fasting in the liver, fatty acid oxidation provides

Select one of the following:

  • ATP for gluconeogenis

  • ATP for glycogenolysis

  • ADP for gluconeogenis

  • ADP for glycogenolysis

Explanation

Question 43 of 56

1

During fasting, when ,Evelyn of ketone bodies (that are released from the liver) are high, they supply the brain, completely replacing glucose

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 44 of 56

1

Ketone bodies prevent...

Select one of the following:

  • Muscle wasting by decreasing protein degradation

  • Wasting of the brain by decreasing protein degradation

  • Fatty acid oxidation

  • Hunger

  • Lethargy

Explanation

Question 45 of 56

1

During the fasting state the pancreas released...

Select one of the following:

  • Glucagon

  • Fatty acids

  • Bile

  • Ketones

Explanation

Question 46 of 56

1

Basal energy requirements can be reduced by reducing production of the active thyroid hormone up to

Select one of the following:

  • 25%

  • 50%

  • 100%

  • 75%

  • 10%

Explanation

Question 47 of 56

1

Late stage fasting occurs after...

Select one of the following:

  • 3 hours

  • 3 days

  • 10-12 hours

  • 6 hours

  • 1 day

Explanation

Question 48 of 56

1

During late stage fasting...

Select one or more of the following:

  • There is little to no glycogen left

  • The body is dependent on hepatic gluconeogenesis

  • Gbuconeogensis occurs primarily from lactate glycerol and alanine

Explanation

Question 49 of 56

1

Which of these occur in the liver in fasting?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Increased glycogen degradation

  • Increased gluconeogenesis

  • Increased fatty acid oxidation

  • Increased synthesis of ketone bodies

  • Increased degradation of TAGs

Explanation

Question 50 of 56

1

Which of these occur in adipose tissue during fasting?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Carbohydrate metabolism

  • GLUT4 depressed - decreased glucose uptake

  • Increased degradation of TAG

  • Increase release of FAs

  • Decreased uptake of FAs

  • Increased FA oxidation

Explanation

Question 51 of 56

1

Resting muscle uses .... as a fuel source during fasting

Select one of the following:

  • Fatty acids

  • Glycogen stores

Explanation

Question 52 of 56

1

During fasting which of these does exercising muscle use as fuel?

Select one of the following:

  • Glycogen stores

  • Fatty acids

Explanation

Question 53 of 56

1

What becomes the dominant fuel source in muscle during fasting once all other sources are gone?

Select one of the following:

  • Lactate

  • TAG from adipose tissue

  • Glycogen

  • Fatty acids

Explanation

Question 54 of 56

1

In early fasting the brain exclusively uses...

Select one of the following:

  • Glucose

  • Ketones

  • Fatty acids

  • Proteins

Explanation

Question 55 of 56

1

After 2 weeks of starvation the brain uses ... as a fuel source?

Select one of the following:

  • Glucose

  • Ketones

  • Protein

  • Fatty acids

Explanation

Question 56 of 56

1

Which of these are true about the kidney in long term fasting?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Contains enzymes for gluconeogenesis including glucose 6 phosphate

  • In late fasting 50% of gluconeogenesis occurs here

  • Maintains pH balance

  • Counteracts acidosis caused by raised ketone bodies in the plasma

  • AlphaKG is used with ammonia as a substrate for gluconeogenesis

  • Glutamine is converted to alphKG

Explanation

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