Earth Systems Midterm 3

Whats the difference between relative dating and numerical dating?

Principal of Uniformitarism

Law of Superposition

Principle of Horizontality

Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships

What is Correlation?

Correlation:

Lithostratigraphic

Correlation:

Chronostratigraphic

Principle of Fossil Succession

What are index fossils??

What are Conformable Sequences?

What does Unconformity mean?

Disconformity

What are Contacts in Geological Terms?

Nonconformity

How do we measure the Numerical Date of Rocks?

Parent VS Daughter (isotopes)

What does Half-life mean?

Principle of Radiogenic Dating

How do Masses Move at the Surface?
What Triggers them?

Factors of Slope Failures

Internal Causes of Slope Failures

ancient slip surfaces

Internal Causes of Slope Failures

Exposed Bedding

Internal Causes of Slope Failures

Structures Within Rocks

Exfoliation

Weak Materials :

How does Water affect Rocks Integrity?

Creep

Solifluction

Earthflow

Slides

Rotational Slides (Slump)

Translational Slides

Long-runout Debris Flows

Snow avalanches

Loose-powder Avalanches

Slab Avalanches

Falls

Subsidence

Rock Dissolution

Fluid Withdrawal

Sediment Compaction

Mitigation of Mass Movements

Hydrologic Cycle

Processes of the Hydrologic Cycle

What is an Aquifer?

What is an Unconfined Aquifer?

What is a Confined Aquifer?

What does Porosity mean and how does it affect the infiltration of water into material?

Definition of a Stream

How do Streams affect the Hydrologic Cycle and the environment?

What are the 3 Basic Parts of a Stream?

What does Discharge mean?

The Cross Sectional Shape of Channels

Long profile of channels

How does friction affect the velocity of water in Streams

What is the Base Level of Streams? What happens if there is an increase/decrease in base level?

What does Graded Stream mean?

Channel Patterns

Stream Deposits

Causes of Flooding

What is a Flood Stage?

What is runoff?

What causes the increase in the amount of Runoff?

What is the primary affects of Floods?

What are the secondary affects of Floods?

What are the tertiary affects of Floods?

Flood Predicting : Statistics

What does Pe & Pt stand for, and what is the difference between them?

Flood Predicting : Mapping and Modelling of Landscape

Flood Predicting : Monitor Rainfall and Snowmelt

Flood Prevention & its problems

Benefits of Flooding