The lineage of classical realism is said to have begun with:
Niccolo Machiavelli.
Thucydides.
Hans Morgenthau.
Kenneth Waltz.
The code of conduct that state leaders should follow in their foreign affairs is known as:
survival
Self-help
raison d'être.
raison d'état.
The condition of the international system, having no overarching central authority above the individual collection of sovereign states, is known as:
anarchy.
political community.
international system.
sovereignty
Classical realism represents power politics as a result of:
International relations.
state sovereignty
human behaviour
anarchy
Defensive realism proposes that states are generally more concerned with:
security.
zero-sum game.
absolute gains.
relative gains.
A branch of modern realism that sees institutions as playing an important role is called:
rational choice realism.
neo-classical realism.
neo-liberalism.
neo-realism.
Kenneth Waltz tries to overcome the problem of realism's weak definition of the meaning of power by shifting the focus from power to:
capabilities.
sovereignty.
cooperation.
Which of the following is not a pillar of essential realism?
Statism
Sovereignty
Survival
The idea that the “strong do as they will and the weak accept what they must” comes from:
Schweller.
Machiavelli.
game theory.
Thucydides
Kenneth Waltz argues that the key difference between domestic and international orders lies in their:
wealth distribution.
ideology.
structure.
Which of the following is not considered a key liberal value?
Tolerance
Freedom
Order
Constitutionalism
Liberals see the causes of war located in (amongst others):
human nature
self-determination
imperialism
In the 1990s Western state leaders proclaimed:
A New World Order
the end of History
that liberalism was a redundant ideology
an age of Realism
Liberalism is a theory of both:
freedom and authority.
government within states and good governance between them.
sovereignty and equality.
tolerance and balance of power.
The writings of Bentham and Kant contain the seeds of core liberal ideas, particularly that:
nations can get along.
wealth is the best means to bring about justice.
justice breeds freedom.
reason can deliver freedom and justice in international relations.
Which of the following is not a definitive article of Kant's 'Perpetual Peace'?
The Civil Constitution of Every State shall be Republican
The Democratic Franchise shall be extended to each Citizen Equally
The Right of Nations shall be based on a Federation of Free States
Cosmopolitan Right shall be limited to Conditions of Universal Hospitality
Which word is missing from the following sentence: Richard Cobden's belief that _____ would create a more peaceful world order is a core idea of 19th century liberalism.
freedom
justice
free trade
tolerance
What was the primary organ of the Idealist inter-war order?
The League of Nations
The United Nations
The Concert of Europe
The hegemonic influence of the US
What concept supposes that liberal states will not go to war with one another?
Sovereign equality of states
Balance of power
Democratic peace thesis
Republican constitutionalism
Those liberals who place great importance on the civilizing capacity of global society are often known as:
classical liberals.
neo-liberals.
reform liberals.
radical liberals.
For neo-liberal institutionalists, the core research question is:
to understand the role of non-state actors in globalization.
how to promote cooperation in an anarchic, competitive international system.
how to assess the relative capabilities of the Great Powers.
how to design effective international institutions.
For neo-realists, the most critical problem presented by anarchy is:
conflict
cheating
security
Defensive neo-realists suggest that our assumptions of a state's relations with other states depend on:
their status within the international system.
whether or not they are liberal states.
their relative capabilities.
their security.
For offensive neo-realists, the most important thing to states is:
absolute power.
relative power
For 'security neo-realists', the 2003 Iraq War was unnecessary because:
America had their chance to topple Saddam Hussein in 1991.
thousands of civilians would be killed.
America was in danger of over-extending itself.
containment of Iraq was working effectively.
Which of the following is not a variety of contemporary Liberalism?
Constitutional
Commercial
Republican
Sociological
The roots of neo-liberal institutionalism are found in:
the writings of Immanuel Kant.
the functional integration scholarship of the 1940s and 1950s.
realism
Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points.
Neo-liberals believe the greatest obstacle to cooperation among states is:
arms build-up.
weak institutions.
cheating (non-compliance).
cultural and linguistic misunderstandings.
The liberal institutional scholarship of the 1970s that suggested that the world had become more pluralistic in terms of actors involved in international interactions is known as:
neo-liberal institutionalism.
commercial liberalism.
pluralism
complex interdependence.
While neo-realism and neo-liberalism have a lot in common, neo-realism tends to focus more on:
security and military issues.
environmental issues.
economic issues.
human rights.
The vast bulk of Marx’s theoretical efforts consisted of a painstaking analysis of capitalism as a:
world economics system.
mode of production.
theory of hegemony.
tool of emancipation.
The scholar who deals with globalization theory is
Rosenberg
Waltz
Marz
Gramsci
The Marxist approach is often known as:
Communist theory
imperialist doctrine
historical materialism
the base-superstructure model
Modern Marxist analyses of international relations aim to reveal the hidden workings of:
the relations of production.
the means of production.
the superstructure.
global capitalism
According to Marx, the central dynamic to be understood is the tension between the means of production and relations of production that together form:
the economic base of a given society.
capitalism.
the mode of production.
the political system of a given society.
In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels famously argued that ‘the history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of:
war and peace' .
class struggle .
survival.
ideasl
Marx was committed to the cause of which of the following?
Communism.
The ' global South' .
Emancipation.
The proletariat.
According to Gramsci, the mutually reinforcing and reciprocal relationships between the socio-economic relations and political and cultural practices that together underpin a given order is known as which of the following?
Hegemonic order.
World system
Mode of production.
Historic bloc.
According to this chapter, the adoption of neo-liberal policies is the result or an example of:
the effect of capitalims
American hegemonic power
the core-periphery distinction
the theory of contradictions
The main body of Critical Theory has emerged from which school of international relations?
The Frankfurt School
The Italian School
The English School
The Oxford University School
What term is not generally associated with constructivist thought?
Structuration
Individualism
Reflectivism
Social theory
To explain its differences with the ‘neos’, constructivism has sometimes been contrasted with:
rational choice.
social theory.
individualism and norms.
historical materialism.
According to constructivists, what shapes the identity and interests of actors such as states?
Normative structure
Anarchy
Level of capabilities (i.e., military)
International treaties and institutions
The three stages of the life cycle of norms, according to Finnemore and Sikkink are:
Norm emergence, Norm cascade and Norm internalization.
Norm beginning, Norm middle and Norm end.
Norm emergence, Norm development and Norm internalization.
None of the above is correct.
What is the core observation of constructivism?
The constraints of anarchy on the society of states
The social construction of reality
The constitutive nature of world order
The shaping of ideational forces
Constructivists argue that knowledge shapes how actors interpret and construct their:
World
Norms
social reality
normative structures
______ offered the timeless insight that ‘… we are cultural beings with the capacity and will to take a deliberate attitude toward the world and lend it significance.’
Max Weber
John Ruggie
Kenneth Walt
Alexander Wendt
Constitutive theory is a particular sort of:
critical theory.
explanatory theory
causal theory
Rational choice treats actors as:
social
pre-social
material
ideational.
For constructivists, actors follow.
paths determined by strategic interaction
the logic of consequences
the logic of appropriateness
irrational courses of action