Post-structuralism takes which view of identity and foreign policy?
Performative
Performative and constitutive
Rationalist
Constitutive
What are the central concepts in post-structuralist philosophy?
Discourse, deconstruction, genealogy, intertextuality
Rational economics
Institutions and co-operation.
Discourse, deconstruction, intertextuality
Language is central to post-structuralist theory of international relations because:
Post-structuralism focuses on local dialects.
Language decides, and communicates, what individuals say while also being the medium through which all political actors must legitimate the foreign policies they adopt.
Language solely defines individuals.
Language is the same as discourse
Post-structuralism views language as
Entirely value-neutral.
A system of unstable dichotomies where certain terms are superior to others.
Irrelevant to politics
A system of stable dichotomies
According to post-structuralist theory, what is ‘the state’?
A historical concept
A value-neutral concept with an immortal essence.
A political principle and a particular way of organising identity and authority.
The most important political actor in an anarchic world system.
With regard to ‘the state’, post-structuralist theory:
Naturalises the state.
Adopts exactly the same view of the state as Realism
Is wholly unconcerned with ‘the state’ as a concept.
Does not naturalise ‘the state’ but instead seeks to analyse how practices produce ‘the state’ which is a political, historically contextualised concept.
According to post-structuralism, foreign policies:
Create and recreate identity of ‘the self’ and ‘others’
Should be based solely on self-interest
Are unimportant to international politics
Will revolve around the importance of human rights.
According to the post-structuralist scholar Judith Butler, identity:
Is irrelevant
Is central to showing how foreign policy will be formed.
Is performative and can only be constituted through repeated practices.
Is static and independent of practices and surroundings.
The global’ according to post-structuralism, is:
A political category, which can be used to replace ‘the state’
Of no concern to international politics.
The most important political category in international politics.
Not a political category and cannot therefore be used to replace ‘the state’
The events of 9/11 and the subsequent so-called ‘war on terror’ have:
Made the post-structuralist concept of territoriality redundant.
Challenged the post-structuralist concept of territoriality but not made them entirely redundant.
In some ways shown the concept of territoriality to be redundant but in other ways illustrated a ‘return’ of the concept of territoriality.
Made the concept of territoriality more flexible and in some ways precipitated a ‘return’ of the concept but has also challenged the post-structuralist conception of the term.
The conceptual approach taken by post-colonial theory is which of the following?
Post-colonialism adopts a bottom-up approach to international relations.
Post-colonialism adopts a state-centric approach to international relations.
Post-colonialism adopts an approach to international relations focused on the role of institutions.
Post-colonialism adopts a Western-centric approach to international relations.
By far the majority of colonies that became independent states after World War II were:
In South America
In Africa
In Europe
In Asia
Léopold Sédar Senghor introduced which concept to post-colonialism?
Négritude
The non-aligned movement
Revolution
Orientalism
When did the non-aligned movement begin?
1990 in Rio de Janeiro
1964 in London
1965 in Bandung ( in the book it is 1955)
1980 in Beijing.
The trusteeship system of the League of Nations was what?
To give every former colonial state a trust fund in order to assist their economic development.
To provide mentorship to the former colonial states and provide oversight for colonies as they moved towards independence.
To sell arms to former colonies and assist their move toward independence.
To create a trust fund for every child in the developing south.
Post-colonialism entered the field of international relations at the end of the Cold War because mainstream theories:
Had failed to anticipate the effect of ‘people power’ in international politics
Did not adequately discuss nuclear deterrence
Did not discuss the role of the state in international politics.
Were too focused on nuclear deterrence.
Post-colonial studies began by looking at those considered to be of subaltern status in which country?
Mexico
Yemen
Saudi-Arabia
India
What does OPEC stand for?
Overly Populated Economies and Countries
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
Old People with Economic Concerns
Oil and Petroleum Economies with Coal
What was the aim of the New International Economic Order?
To make the United Nations a more powerful body to advocate for the economic interests of countries in the Global South.
To increase the purchasing power of the rich, industrialized countries.
To create a hierarchy of economies
A worldwide system that would be re-structured to offer economies in the Global South fairer, hopefully preferential, terms of trade, aid, and resource allocation.
One of the main contributions of post-colonial analysis to political science has been:
To study the experience of colonialism from the point of view of the colonized peoples rather than from the point of view of the great powers.
To focus on the foreign policy of the great powers during post-colonialism.
To study the personal biographies of political leaders of the colonizing powers.
To place greater focus on the experience of rich, industrialized nations.
Which of the following schools of thought is Pogge situated within?
Individualism
Communitarianism
Generalism
Liberal cosmopolitanism
Who called foreign policy, according to universal moral principles, ‘a policy of national suicide’?
Morgenthau
Miller
Walzer
Pogge
Who said that injustice consists of overriding the distinct understandings that constitute a shared way of life?
Kissinger
Beitz
The duty of mutual aid is one element of:
Rawls’ Law of Peoples.
universalism
realism.
critical theory.
The phrase ‘rational devils’:
underlays Kant’s categorical imperative.
deals with the human capacity to be both self-interested and reasonable.
is a core tenet of cosmopolitanism.
underlays Kant’s categorical imperative and deals with the human capacity to be both self-interested and reasonable.
Which of these is not a component of jus ad bellum?
Right intention.
Restoration of peace.
Multilateral authority.
Last resort.
According to Just War theory, which of the following can legitimately wage war?
Criminals
Individuals
Corporations
States
__________ explores the tension surrounding non-combatant losses that are unintended but foreseeable.
Non-combatant immunity
The law of double effect
Proportionality of means and ends
Right intention
Jus in bello includes debates over which of the following?
Proportionality of means.
Double effect
Non-combatant immunity.
Proportionality of means, double effect, and non-combatant immunity.
Saturation bombing:
is an example of the debate of jus in bello ethics, especially the doctrine of double effect.
was only done by the Axis powers.
is sometimes justified by the idea of ‘supreme emergency’.
is an example of the debate of jus in bello ethics, especially the doctrine of double effect, and is sometimes justified by the idea of ‘supreme emergency’.
Wars between substate groups for personal glory, power, enrichment, or revenge are classified by Metz as:
third-tier
first-tier.
new wars.
postmodern.
Which of the following are seen as evidence of the obsolescence of war?
Security communities such as that in Europe.
Democratic peace theory.
Civil conflict in Africa.
Security communities such as that in Europe and democratic peace theory.
The global presence in war includes:
media
nongovernmental organizations.
media, nongovernmental organizations, and international organizations such as the UN.
international organizations such as the UN.
A conflict which ‘turns on one side’s ability to force the other side to fight on their own terms’ is:
'new'
postmodern
asymmetrical
civil
Who wrote of war that it will happen when ‘one side thinks that the profits to be won outweigh the risks to be incurred, and the other side is ready to face danger rather than accept an immediate loss’?
Thucydides
Machiavelli
Tilly
The Iraq war was characterized by:
maneuver-oriented warfare.
information warfare.
technological superiority.
maneuver-oriented and information warfare, and technological superiority.
The use of force by regular, uniformed, national military units to achieve military or political objectives is called:
conventional warfare.
non-nuclear warfare.
postmodern warfare.
guerrilla warfare.
Who called war ‘the father of all and the king of all’?
Mahalanobis
Heraclitus
Alexander
The Revolution in Military Affairs:
has partially facilitated the rise of asymmetric warfare.
demonstrates that technological advantage is decisive in warfare.
negates the idea of postmodern warfare.
has partially facilitated the rise of asymmetric warfare, demonstrates that technological advantage is decisive in warfare, and negates the idea of postmodern warfare.
Who said that war is ‘a condition of time in which special rules permitting and regulating violence between governments prevails’?
Michael Sheehan
Carl Von Clausewitz
Quincy Wright
Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs):
are rarely used in modern war and have little impact on its outcome.
are a pervasive and influential feature of modern war, demonstrated by their heavy use in the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
have replaced standing national armies.
are solely a feature of contemporary warfare and were not used before the year 2000.
Until recently, the main area of interest for both academics and statesmen regarding security tended to be in ________.
anarchy
military capabilities
sovereignty
self-help doctrine
The growing integration in regions like Europe that is undermining the classical political order based on nation state, leaving nations exposed within larger political frameworks, has led to the concept of __________.
multilateralism
zone of democratic peace
societal security
increased surveillance of the public
Debates about security have traditionally focused on the role of ________ as the primary actor in international relations.
the state
structures
institutions
According to realists, trust is often difficult between states because of the problem of ________.
the lack of institutions
constructed identities
cheating
Which branch of international relations theory allows for more cooperation between states when it comes to security?
Liberal institutionalism
Neo-realism.
Neo-classical realism.
Constructivism.
The growing interdependence between states regarding security and the dampening down of the security dilemma is said to be taking place in a condition of ________.
globalization
mature anarchy
contingent realism
Democratic peace theory is based on ________ logic.
Fukuyama’s
idealist
Kantian
Foucault’s
International institutions are said to facilitate:
lower transaction costs.
credible commitments.
reciprocity
all of the above
According to ‘social constructivists’, the fundamental structures of international politics are ________ rather than ________.
economic, political
material, social
social, political
social, material
Globalization appears to have a/an _______ impact on international security.
ambivalent and contradictory
intense and positive
negligible and irrelevant
neutral
