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Clinical Pathoanatomy Test - Cardiovascular Diseases- 3rd Year- PMU

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Clinical Pathoanatomy Test - Cardiovascular Diseases- 3rd Year- PMU

Question 1 of 78

1

Can xanthoma cells be found in the tunica intima of the atherosclerotic plaque

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 78

1

Is the dissecting aneurysm a type of the true aneurysm?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 78

1

Is aneurysm a complication of myocardial infarction?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 78

1

The myocardial infarction is from hemorrhagic type

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 78

1

Is amyloidosis a complication of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 78

1

Are the morphological changes in course of the polyarteritis nodosa identical?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 78

1

Can the arteries of the kidney be affected due to atherosclerosis?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 78

1

Can obliterating endarteritis lead to the anaemic infarction of the kidney?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 78

1

Right ventricular infarction is more common than left ventricular.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 78

1

Can be seen a development of the aneurysm in the vessel wall due to atherosclerosis

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 11 of 78

1

Which is the origin of the embolus that may cause anemic infarction in the brain?

Select one or more of the following:

  • thrombus

  • lipid droplets

  • tumor cells

  • debris from atherosclerotic plaque

Explanation

Question 12 of 78

1

Atherosclerotic plaque consists:

Select one or more of the following:

  • xanthoma cells

  • connective tissue

  • debris

  • amyloid

Explanation

Question 13 of 78

1

In which structures could be found initial changes due to hypertension

Select one or more of the following:

  • aorta

  • vessels of the muscular type

  • arterioles

  • veins

Explanation

Question 14 of 78

1

Which complications could be observed in course of chronic heart aneurysm?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Rupture

  • Thrombosis

  • Degeneration of muscular layer

  • Adhesive pericarditis

Explanation

Question 15 of 78

1

Which are the possible complications of the artheroslcerosis of the femoral artery?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Thrombophlebitis

  • Atrophy of the limb

  • Gangrene

  • Thrombosis

Explanation

Question 16 of 78

1

What could be seen the most commonly acute aneurysm of the heart

Select one or more of the following:

  • Acute stage of the myocardial infarction

  • In viral myocarditis

  • In rheumatismal myocarditis

  • In CIHD

Explanation

Question 17 of 78

1

Which of the following diseases are associated with diapedesis hemorrhages?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Hypertension

  • Encephalitis

  • Infections

  • Artherosclerosis

Explanation

Question 18 of 78

1

Polyarteritis nodosa is characterized by:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Calcification of the vessel’s wall

  • Endartertic changes

  • Fibrinoid necrosis in vessels

  • Amyloidosis

Explanation

Question 19 of 78

1

Which changes could be seen in proliferative stage of the rheumatism?

Select one or more of the following:

  • mucoid swelling

  • fibrinoid degeneration

  • connective tissue development

  • appearance of the granulomas

Explanation

Question 20 of 78

1

In which diseases could be seen dissecting aneurysm?

Select one or more of the following:

  • atherosclerosis

  • hypertension

  • rheumatism

  • myocarditis

Explanation

Question 21 of 78

1

Which complications could lead to death in patients with hypertension?

Select one or more of the following:

  • hemorrhage in brain

  • myocardial infarction

  • brain infarction

  • kidney infarction

Explanation

Question 22 of 78

1

Indicate the characteristic due to morphological changes in subacute endocarditis

Select one or more of the following:

  • valvular ulcerations

  • thrombus with calcification

  • infiltration of leukocytes

  • presence of microorganism

Explanation

Question 23 of 78

1

Which are the typical features of hypertension?

Select one or more of the following:

  • hypertrophy of left ventricle

  • hypertrophy of the right ventricle

  • mitral stenosis

  • atrophy of the myocardium

Explanation

Question 24 of 78

1

Which of the following diseases lead to a symptomatic hypertension?

Select one or more of the following:

  • chronic pyelonephritis

  • arteriosclerotic nephrosclerosis

  • epilepsy

  • pheochromocytoma

Explanation

Question 25 of 78

1

In which brain arteries could be seen atherosclerotic changes the most frequently?

Select one of the following:

  • a. basilaris

  • a. communicans

  • a. cerebri post

  • a. cerebri media

Explanation

Question 26 of 78

1

What structure of the embolus may cause anaemic infarction in the brain?

Select one of the following:

  • lipid droplets

  • lipids from atherosclerotic plaque

  • thrombus

  • tumour cells

Explanation

Question 27 of 78

1

Which morphological alteration of the arterioles is typical for hypertension

Select one or more of the following:

  • inflammation

  • proliferation

  • plasmorhagia

  • hyalinosis

Explanation

Question 28 of 78

1

The patient was a 20 year old woman who's medical history of rheumatoid arthritis. The mobility of some joints was significantly limited. She came with symptoms of chronic renal failure. The autopsy revealed increased in size kidneys, pale. Indicate the correct diagnosis

Select one of the following:

  • amyloidosis

  • hyalinosis

  • chronic pyelonephritis

  • acute pyelonephritis

Explanation

Question 29 of 78

1

59 years old man suffered from long term (20 years) hypertension. 5 years ago he was treated for myocardial infarction. He died with clinical symptoms of left-sided hemiplegia. The autopsy revealed that the heart weighs 580gr. The apical part of the left heart ventricle is dilated, filled with large mural mixed thrombus. The wall in this area is pale, dense, 8mm. The thickness of the left ventricle wall is 25mm. Set the correct diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

  • syphilitic aneurysm with thrombosis

  • acute aneurysm with mural thrombus

  • rheumatismal heart vice

  • chronic aneurysm (post infarction) of the left ventricle with mural thrombus

Explanation

Question 30 of 78

1

The autopsy of a 42-year old female , with medical history of rheumatism revealed ulcerated leaflet of the aortic valve and some thrombi attached to them. The spleen was enlarged with ischemic infarction. The same lesion was found in one of the kidneys. Set the diagnosis:

Select one of the following:

  • endocarditis of Libman - Sacks

  • rheumatic endocarditis

  • infective endocarditis

  • subacute endocarditis

Explanation

Question 31 of 78

1

Is atherosclerosis an acute disease?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 78

1

Could inflammatory changes in vessel walls lead to aneurysm?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 33 of 78

1

Can we find cholesterol esters in atherosclerotic plaques?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 34 of 78

1

Is there an exacerbation of the atherosclerotic process

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 35 of 78

1

Is pericardium affected in rheumatism?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 36 of 78

1

Is fibrinoid necrosis in the vessel’s wall characteristic sign for benign arterial hypertension?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 78

1

Is it possible to diagnose grossly myocardial infarction 15 minutes after complete occlusion of a particular blood vessel?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 38 of 78

1

Are blood vessels affected in rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 78

1

Is there chronic arteritiis?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 78

1

Is there nephrosclerosis in atherosclerosis of the renal arteries?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 78

1

What substance is accumulated in the intima of the aorta in atherosclerosis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • lipofuscin

  • lipids

  • amyloid

  • bilirubin

Explanation

Question 42 of 78

1

Which type of metabolism is damaged is atherosclerosis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • lipid metabolism

  • protein metabolism

  • pigmental metabolism

  • mineral metabolism

Explanation

Question 43 of 78

1

When is possible to occur the so called "round thrombus" in the left atrium?

Select one or more of the following:

  • stenosis of mitral valve

  • insufficiency of mitral valve

  • hypertension

  • atherosclerosis

Explanation

Question 44 of 78

1

The changes in blood vessels in rheumatoid arthritis resemble:

Select one or more of the following:

  • polyarteriitis nodosa

  • rheumatism

  • lupus erythematodes

  • tuberculosis vasculitis

Explanation

Question 45 of 78

1

What is seen in the latest stages of hypertension in the vessel's wall?

Select one or more of the following:

  • obliteration of lumen

  • hyalinosis

  • thrombarteritis

  • sclerosis

Explanation

Question 46 of 78

1

Which parts of the skin could be affected by sclerodomia?

Select one or more of the following:

  • epidermis

  • skin abscesses

  • hypoderma

  • all of answers are correct

Explanation

Question 47 of 78

1

Which heart valve is the most commonly affected in rheumatism?

Select one or more of the following:

  • tricuspid

  • pulmonary

  • aortic

  • mitral

Explanation

Question 48 of 78

1

Hypertrophy of the left heart ventricle occurs in stenosis of:

Select one or more of the following:

  • pulmonary

  • tricuspid

  • aortic

  • mitral

Explanation

Question 49 of 78

1

Which of the following changes in the brain are connected with atherosclerotic of the blood vessels?

Select one or more of the following:

  • massive hemorrhage

  • atrophy

  • hemorrhages per diapedesis

  • internal hydrocephaly

Explanation

Question 50 of 78

1

Endocarditis of Libman-Sacks is specific for:

Select one or more of the following:

  • rheumatism

  • lupus erythematodes

  • rheumatoid arthritis

  • polyarteritis nodosa

Explanation

Question 51 of 78

1

The complications of mitral stenosis are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • hypertrophy and dilation of the left atrium

  • chronic venous congestion of lungs

  • hypertrophy of the left ventricle

  • all the answers are correct

Explanation

Question 52 of 78

1

The characteristic appearance of kidney in the III stage of hypertension are:

Select one or more of the following:

  • decreased size and weight

  • affects one of the kidneys

  • diffuse granular surface

  • whitish-grey colour

Explanation

Question 53 of 78

1

False aneurysm is connected with:

Select one or more of the following:

  • inflammation

  • hemorrhages

  • trauma

  • all the answers are correct

Explanation

Question 54 of 78

1

Explain what can bring to heart failure in rheumatism?

Select one or more of the following:

  • heart vices

  • acute rheumatic myocarditis

  • aneurysm of left chamber

  • severe adhesive pericarditis

Explanation

Question 55 of 78

1

Which of the following diseases leads to a symptomatic hypertension?

Select one or more of the following:

  • pheochromocytoma

  • chronic pyelonephritis

  • acute pyelonephritis

  • polyarteriitis nodosa

Explanation

Question 56 of 78

1

A 69 year old man, smoker 20-30 cigarettes per day. During the last 15 years he was treated for angina pectoris. The patient was admitted to the hospital because of severe and prolonged chest pain. He died on the 4th day with symptoms of acute heart failure. The autopsy revealed transmural myocardial infarction of the left ventricle. Indicate the most possible cause for the myocardial infarction

Select one of the following:

  • thrombosis of the right coronary artery

  • thrombosis of the left coronary artery

  • thrombosis of the pulmonary artery

  • severe atherosclerotic plaque of the left coronary artery

Explanation

Question 57 of 78

1

The autopsy of a 42-year old female, with medical history of rheumatism revealed ulcerated leaflet of the aortic valve and some thrombi attached to them. The spleen was enlarged with ischemic infarction. The same lesion was found in one of the kidneys. Set the diagnosis?

Select one of the following:

  • endocarditis of Libman - Sacks

  • infective endocarditis

  • rheumatic endocarditis

  • subacute endocarditis

Explanation

Question 58 of 78

1

Right ventricular Infarction is more common than left ventricular

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 59 of 78

1

Is amyloidosis a complication of rheumatoid arthritis?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 60 of 78

1

Is it possible to diagnose grossly myocardial infarction 15 minutes after complete occlusion of a particular blood vessel?

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 61 of 78

1

Are there any genetic factors in artherosclerosis

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 62 of 78

1

Is aneurysm a complication of myocardial infarction

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 63 of 78

1

When it is possible to develop an acute aneurysm in the heart

Select one of the following:

  • in the acute phase of myocardial infarction

  • in rheumatic myocarditis

Explanation

Question 64 of 78

1

Stenosis of which valve will cause hypertrophy of the left ventricle?

Select one of the following:

  • aortic valve

  • mitral valve

Explanation

Question 65 of 78

1

Myocardial infarction may complicate with:

Select one of the following:

  • fibrinous pericarditis

  • stenosis of the mitral valve

Explanation

Question 66 of 78

1

Rheumatic granuloma in the myocardium:

Select one of the following:

  • contains caseous necrosis

  • is with perivascular location

Explanation

Question 67 of 78

1

What substance is accumulated in the intima of the aorta in atherosclerosis?

Select one of the following:

  • lipofuscin

  • lipids

Explanation

Question 68 of 78

1

Polyarteritis nodosa is characterized with :

Select one or more of the following:

  • inflammatory changes

  • calcification of the vessel wall

  • fibrinoid necrosis of vessel walls

  • amyloidosis

Explanation

Question 69 of 78

1

What is specific in the gross appearance of the kidneys in hypertension

Select one or more of the following:

  • reduced size and weight

  • one-side alteration

  • granular surface of both kidneys

  • firm consistence

Explanation

Question 70 of 78

1

Which are the risk factors of atherosclerosis

Select one or more of the following:

  • diabetes

  • narcotic substances

  • alcohol abuse

  • drugs

Explanation

Question 71 of 78

1

Which are the complications of atherosclerosis in the aorta:

Select one or more of the following:

  • cholesterol embolus

  • inflammation

  • thrombosis

  • aneurysm

Explanation

Question 72 of 78

1

Where are the first and most specific changes in atherosclerosis

Select one or more of the following:

  • aorta

  • arteries

  • arterioles

  • veins

Explanation

Question 73 of 78

1

What is the structure of embulus that may cause anemic infarction in brain?

Select one or more of the following:

  • lipid droplets

  • lipids from atherosclerotic plaques

  • tumor cells

  • thrombus

Explanation

Question 74 of 78

1

Acute dissection of the aorta is complication of which disease?

Select one or more of the following:

  • atherosclerosis

  • hypertension

  • rheumatism

  • myocarditis

Explanation

Question 75 of 78

1

The Aschoff granuloma is typical for which disease:

Select one or more of the following:

  • rheumatism

  • lupus

  • rheumatoid arthritis

  • all of these

Explanation

Question 76 of 78

1

Which of the followings are forms of rheumatic endocarditis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • valvulitis recipiens

  • valvulitis verrucosa

  • valvulitis fibrinosa

  • valvulitis recurrens

Explanation

Question 77 of 78

1

Which is the main disease, if the patient died from myocardial infarction?

Select one or more of the following:

  • particular form of IHD

  • hypertension

  • atherosclerosis

  • atherosclerosis and hypertension

Explanation

Question 78 of 78

1

There is a patient with chronic heart disease (for example ischemic myocardiosclerosis) and he developed another disease (for example fracture of the femoral bone). Which is the main disease. If the patient died of heart failure

Select one of the following:

  • ischemic myocardiosclerosis is the main disease

  • ischemic myocardioslerosis is a background disease

  • fracture of the femoral bone is a main disease

  • ischemic myocardiosclerosis and bone fracture are competing main diseases

Explanation

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