Compendium 4

Question 1 of 52

1

Functions of the respiratory system:

Respiration -
• ❌ – Movement of air in and out of lungs
• ❌ - Gas exchange between lungs blood
• ❌ - of respiratory gases
• ❌ – Gas exchange between blood tissues

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Ventilation

External respiration

Transport

Internal respiration

Explanation

Question 2 of 52

1

Respiration:
• Internal respiration – Movement of air in and out of lungs

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 3 of 52

1

Regulation of blood pH is a function of the respiratory system

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 4 of 52

1

Select the Five main functions of the respiratory system:

Select one or more of the following:

Regulation of blood pH
Homeostasis
Voice production
Respiration
Waste elimination
Smell (olfaction)
Protection

Explanation

Question 5 of 52

1

Divisions of the respiratory system include the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 52

1

Select the four anatomical associations with the upper respiratory tract:

Select one or more of the following:

External nose
Larynx
Pharynx
Nasal cavity
Trachea
Bronchi

Explanation

Question 7 of 52

1

The Trachea is associated with the upper respiratory tract.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 52

1

Select the Three anatomical associations with the lower respiratory tract

Select one or more of the following:

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Pharynx

Explanation

Question 9 of 52

1

Respiratory diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌
8. ❌
9. ❌

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External nose

Nasal Cavity

Pharynx (throat)

Upper Respiratory

Larynx

Trachea

Lower Respiratory

Bronchi

Lungs

Explanation

Question 10 of 52

1

Nasal cavity:
• From ❌ (nares) to ❌
• ❌ - entry to nasal cavity
Stratified squamous epithelium, sweat and sebaceous glands and hair follicles
• ❌ – floor of nasal cavity
• ❌ – separates nasal cavity into left and right parts, cartilage and bone
• ❌ – bony “ridges” in nasal cavity

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nostrils

choana

Vestibule

Hard palate

Septum

Concha

Explanation

Question 11 of 52

1

What are the ridges of the nasal cavity called?

Select one of the following:

Concha
Choana

Explanation

Question 12 of 52

1

The Concha are the bony ridges in the Nasal cavity.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 52

1

The Concha are surrounded with Superior, Inferior and middle 'meatus' to increase surface space

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 14 of 52

1

Epithelium of concha (and most of nasal cavity) is:

Select one of the following:

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
stratifed squamous epithelium

Explanation

Question 15 of 52

1

Select Seven functions of the nasal cavity

Select one or more of the following:

• Sound of your voice
• Olfaction (or smell)
• via moisture from mucous epithelium and excess tears which drain into nasal
cavity
• Passageway for air
• Cleans the air
• Humidifies and warms the air
• via warm blood flowing through nasal cavity
• assist with taste

Explanation

Question 16 of 52

1

Select the Three areas of the Pharynx:

Select one or more of the following:

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Trachea

Explanation

Question 17 of 52

1

Tonsil diagram:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌

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Pharyngeal tonsil

Palatine tonsil

Lingual tonsil

Explanation

Question 18 of 52

1

Oropharnyx and Laryngopharnyx both have stratified squamous epithelium

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 19 of 52

1

What are the 6 pairs of cartilage in the larynx

Select one or more of the following:

• Arytenoid
• Corniculate
• Cuneiform
• Thyroid (Adam’s apple)
• Cricoid
• Epiglottis

Explanation

Question 20 of 52

1

The Three unpaired cartilage in the Larynx are the Thyroid (Adam’s apple), Cricoid, Epiglottis

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 21 of 52

1

Select Four functions of the larynx:

Select one or more of the following:

• Trap debris from entering lungs
• Sound production via vocal folds
• Directs food into the oesophagus away from respiratory tract
• Maintains an open passageway for air movement
• Provides assistance to Peristalsis of food

Explanation

Question 22 of 52

1

The Larynx directs food into the oesophagus away from respiratory tract

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 23 of 52

1

The Trachea has 10-25 ‘C-shaped’ hyaline cartilage rings for support

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 24 of 52

1

The Trachea has 15-20 ‘C-shaped’ hyaline cartilage rings for support

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 25 of 52

1

The Trachea descends from the pharynx and sits anterior to oesophagus

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 26 of 52

1

What is the arrow pointing towards?

Select one of the following:

Trachea
Larynx

Explanation

Question 27 of 52

1

The right lung has 3 lobes

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 28 of 52

1

Lung diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌
8. ❌
9. ❌
10. ❌
11. ❌
12. ❌

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Larynx

Trachea

Carina

Visceral Pleura

Parietal Pleura

Pleural Cavity

Main (primary) bonchus

Lobar (secondary) bronchus

Segmental (tertiary) bronchus

Bronchiole

To terminal Bronchiole

Diaphragm

Explanation

Question 29 of 52

1

Alveoli diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌

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Alveoli

Alveolar duct (2)

Respiratory bronchioles

Alveolar duct (4)

Terminal bronchiole

Alveolar sac

Explanation

Question 30 of 52

1

Classify the structures below into whether fall within the ‘conducting zone’ or ‘respiratory zone’?

❌: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchus, secondary bronchus, tertiary
bronchus, bronchiole, terminal bronchiole,
❌: respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli

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Conducting zone

Respiratory zone

Explanation

Question 31 of 52

1

Select the structures below which fall into the ‘respiratory zone’?

Select one or more of the following:

bronchiole, alveoli
tertiary bronchus
alveolar duct and sac
terminal bronchiole
primary and secondary bronchus
respiratory bronchiole
larynx
trachea
nasal cavity
pharynx

Explanation

Question 32 of 52

1

Gas transport mechanism:

❌
• Transported via:
• Red blood cells (haemoglobin) (98.5%)
• Dissolved in blood plasma (1.5%)

❌
• Transported as:
• HCO3
- dissolved in plasma (70%)
• CO2 dissolved in plasma (7%)
• Bound to haemoglobin (23%)

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Oxygen (O2)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Explanation

Question 33 of 52

1

Respiratory Membrane diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. Basement ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌
8. ❌
9. ❌

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Alveolar fluid (with surfactant)

Alveolar epithelium

Basement membrane of alveolar epithelium

Interstitial space

membrane of capillary endothelium

Pulmonary capillary endothelium

Diffusion of O2

Diffusion of CO2

Red blood cell

Explanation

Question 34 of 52

1

Pulmonary ventilation:

❌
• LUNGS: ❌
• DIAPHRAGM: ❌
• RIB CAGE: elevated
• STERNUM: elevated
• INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES: ❌

Expiration:
• LUNGS: ❌
• DIAPHRAGM: ❌ as it relaxes into its dome-shape
• RIB CAGE: depresses
• STERNUM: depresses
• INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES: ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Inspiration:

volume increases as it fill with air

moves inferiorly and flattens

contract

volume decreases as air leaves

moves superiorly

relax

Explanation

Question 35 of 52

1

Airflow in and out of alveoli:

• ❌ – atmospheric air pressure outside the body
• ❌ – pressure inside the alveoli

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Barometric air pressure (PB)

Intra-alveolar pressure (Palv)

Explanation

Question 36 of 52

1

• Intrapleural pressure = pressure in the pleural cavity

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 37 of 52

1

Select Two Forces which promote alveoli recoil:

Select one or more of the following:

• Surfactant (Fluid which coats alveoli)
• Muscle contraction
• Fine elastic fibers

Explanation

Question 38 of 52

1

Pulmonary volumes:

• ❌ – the amount of air inspired or expired with each breath

• ❌ – the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully after inspiration of the tidal volume

• ❌ – the amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of the tidal volume

• ❌ – the volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after the most forceful expiration

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Tidal volume

Inspiratory reserve volume

Expiratory reserve volume

Residual volume

Explanation

Question 39 of 52

1

Pulmonary capacities:

• ❌ – the amount of air a person can inspire maximally after normal expiration (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume)

• ❌ – the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration (expiratory reserve volume + residual volume)

• ❌ – the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the respiratory tract after a maximum inspiration (inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume)

• ❌ – inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume +residual volume

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Inspiratory capacity

Functional residual capacity

Vital capacity

Total lung capacity

Explanation

Question 40 of 52

1

• ❌ – number of breaths taken per minute

• ❌ – total amount of air moved into and out of the respiratory system each minute (tidal volume X respiratory rate) (E.g. 500 ml X 12 breaths per minute = 6000 ml per minute)

• ❌ – space formed by nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.

• ❌ - volume of air available for gas exchange per minute

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Respiratory rate

Minute ventilation

Anatomic dead space

Alveolar ventilation

Explanation

Question 41 of 52

1

Parameters measured of dynamic lung function test:

• ❌ – maximal volume of air that can be forcefully expired as fast as possible after a deep breath in

• Forced ❌ – the volume of air expired in the first second of the test

• Forced ❌ – FEV1sec expressed as a percentage of the FVC

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Forced vital capacity (FVC)

expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 sec)

expiratory volume 1% (FEV1%)

Explanation

Question 42 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The Nasal cavity, Nasopharynx and Trachea all have ( pseudostratified ciliated columnar, simple squamous epithelium ) epithelium

Explanation

Question 43 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The Vestible is situated ( anteriorly, superiorly ) of the nose in the middle.

Explanation

Question 44 of 52

1

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The Vestibule, Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx all have ( stratified squamous epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium )

Explanation

Question 45 of 52

1

The Alveoli has simple squamous epithelium

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 46 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The ( Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx ) is the middle part of the throat that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.

Explanation

Question 47 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The ( Laryngopharynx, Oropharynx ) is where both food and air pass. It can be found between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide food and air where to go. It is a part of the pharynx.

Explanation

Question 48 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Choana, Choncha ): An opening at the back of the nasal passage (there is a left and a right side) that empties into the space behind the nose called the ( nasopharynx, oropharynx ), where the adenoids and eustachian tube are. The passage way continues down into the back of the mouth and into the throat.

Explanation

Question 49 of 52

1

Alveolar fluid (surfactant) reduces the surface tension of fluid in the lungs and helps make the small air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) more stable.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 50 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Pharynx, Larynx ): the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the oesophagus

( Larynx, Pharynx ): the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.

Explanation

Question 51 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The ( Bronchiole, Terminal Bronchiole ) descends into the ( Terminal Bronchiole, Respiratory Bronchiole ) which then leads onto the ( Respiratory Bronchiole, Terminal Bronchiole ). From here, oxygen descends through the ( Alveolar Duct, Alveolar Sac ), into the ( Alveolar Sac, Alveolar Duct ) and eventually into the individual ( Alveoli, Alveolar Sac )

Explanation

Question 52 of 52

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

When you breathe in, air enters your body through your nose or mouth. From there, it travels down your throat through the ( larynx, pharynx ) (or voicebox) and into the ( trachea (or windpipe), oesophagus ) before entering your lungs.

	Created by Jessica Bulley over 6 years ago

Why do we breathe? HUMB1000

Compendium 4

Question 1 of 52

Functions of the respiratory system: Respiration - • ❌ – Movement of air in and out of lungs • ❌ - Gas exchange between lungs blood • ❌ - of respiratory gases • ❌ – Gas exchange between blood tissues

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 2 of 52

Respiration: • Internal respiration – Movement of air in and out of lungs

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 52

Regulation of blood pH is a function of the respiratory system

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 52

Select the Five main functions of the respiratory system:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 52

Divisions of the respiratory system include the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 52

Select the four anatomical associations with the upper respiratory tract:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 52

The Trachea is associated with the upper respiratory tract.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 52

Select the Three anatomical associations with the lower respiratory tract

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 52

Respiratory diagram: 1. ❌ 2. ❌ 3. ❌ 4. ❌ 5. ❌ 6. ❌ 7. ❌ 8. ❌ 9. ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 10 of 52

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 11 of 52

What are the ridges of the nasal cavity called?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 52

The Concha are the bony ridges in the Nasal cavity.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 52

The Concha are surrounded with Superior, Inferior and middle 'meatus' to increase surface space

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 52

Epithelium of concha (and most of nasal cavity) is:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 52

Select Seven functions of the nasal cavity

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 52

Select the Three areas of the Pharynx:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 52

Tonsil diagram: 1. ❌ 2. ❌ 3. ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 18 of 52

Oropharnyx and Laryngopharnyx both have stratified squamous epithelium

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 52

What are the 6 pairs of cartilage in the larynx

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 52

The Three unpaired cartilage in the Larynx are the Thyroid (Adam’s apple), Cricoid, Epiglottis

Select one of the following:

Functions of the respiratory system:

Respiration -
• ❌ – Movement of air in and out of lungs
• ❌ - Gas exchange between lungs blood
• ❌ - of respiratory gases
• ❌ – Gas exchange between blood tissues

Respiration:
• Internal respiration – Movement of air in and out of lungs

Respiratory diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌
8. ❌
9. ❌

Tonsil diagram:
1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌

Lung diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌
8. ❌
9. ❌
10. ❌
11. ❌
12. ❌

Alveoli diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. ❌
6. ❌

Gas transport mechanism:

❌
• Transported via:
• Red blood cells (haemoglobin) (98.5%)
• Dissolved in blood plasma (1.5%)

❌
• Transported as:
• HCO3
- dissolved in plasma (70%)
• CO2 dissolved in plasma (7%)
• Bound to haemoglobin (23%)

Respiratory Membrane diagram:

1. ❌
2. ❌
3. ❌
4. ❌
5. Basement ❌
6. ❌
7. ❌
8. ❌
9. ❌

Pulmonary ventilation:

❌
• LUNGS: ❌
• DIAPHRAGM: ❌
• RIB CAGE: elevated
• STERNUM: elevated
• INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES: ❌

Expiration:
• LUNGS: ❌
• DIAPHRAGM: ❌ as it relaxes into its dome-shape
• RIB CAGE: depresses
• STERNUM: depresses
• INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES: ❌

Airflow in and out of alveoli:

• ❌ – atmospheric air pressure outside the body
• ❌ – pressure inside the alveoli