Psychiatric side effects due to anti-epileptic use can include
irritability
depression
behavioral change
psychosis
anxiety
Which anti-epileptic agent is associated with the highest rate of induced psychosis?
Levetiracetam
Gabapentin
Depakote
History of seizures is a contraindication to treatment with clozapine
Clozapine is the gold standard and only FDA approved antipsychotic for treatment resistant schizophrenia
Valproic acid Gabapentin Levetiracetam Lamotrigine( Valproic acid, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine ) is the most widely studied anticonvulsant for seizure prophylaxis
Using valproic acid WITH clozapine can improve
efficacy for managing psychotic symptoms
side effect profile
insomnia
When studied in alcoholics, trazodone caused an increase in the number of drinks per drinking day
SSRIs are most likely to cause significant sexual dysfunction
First line management of sexual dysfunction involves adding bupropion or a PDE-5 inhibitor
What can be used off label for socual anxiety
propranolol
atenolol
metoprolol
In first episode psychosis, no antipsychotic is clearly superior to another in regards to efficacy
First episode psychosis risk factors for medication non-adherence include
severe positive symptoms
hospitalization at onset of illness
poorer insight
improved performance on psychological tests
High potency antipsychotics are more likely to be the causative agent of catatonia
second generation antipsychotics have no risk of inducing NMS
Treatment for catatonia includes
Lorazepam
ECT
Stimulants
Valproate increases lamotrigine concentration more than 2 fold
Risk factors for lithium toxicity: ❌ Cystic fibrosis ❌ circulating volume decreased ❌ intake infections ❌ Other medications
Which of the following are symptoms of acute lithium toxicity?
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
ECG changes, arrhythmias, prolonged QTC
SILENT
tachycardia
constipation
Lithium is almost entirely excreted by the kidneys
The rate of hyperthyroidism is increased in patients on lithium
Cyproheptadine is used for moderate to severe serotonin toxicity
What neurotransmitters are targeted in treatment of residual insomnia?
5HT
GABA
Histamine
DA
When treating residual insomnia, what side effects should be considered?
Abuse/dependence potential
memory impairment
weight gain
GI symptoms
In residual concentration difficulty, what neurotransmitters should be targeted?
NE
Consider abuse/dependence potential and cardiac history when treating concentration difficulties