Neuroscience-Mood Disorders

Question 1 of 40

1

As the provider, you are looking at genetic testing for your patient who you have diagnosed with depression. You know that the most noteworthy genes in MDD are (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

MTHFR
SLC6A4
BDNF
ANK3
CYP2D6

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

1

Label the 5 major regions of dysfunction in depressed brains.

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)

Orbital frontal cortex

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Nucleus Accumbens

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The is a structure that sits on top of the caudate-putamen and interacts with amygdala, and plays a major role in the perception of pain.

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

1

What functional processes in the brain, exacerbate PAIN in persons with MDD?

Select one of the following:

White matter abnormalities
Decreased volume in the hippocampus and PFC
Altered regional blood flow
emotion-related brain activation is shifted to the dorsal anterior insula

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

1

T or F. The most current Monoamine Hypothesis posits that there are depleted monoamine levels (5HT, NE, DA) and these deficiencies can be measured in the plasma, CSF and brain tissue.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The NT Receptor hypothesis posits that abnormalities in the receptors for monoamine NT's leads to . Further, deficient activity of monoanime NT's causes of postsynaptic NT receptors.

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

1

Which important signal conduction cascades are triggered by neurotransmitters?

Select one of the following:

Neurotrophin and Hormone linked systems
BDNF and MTHFR
G-Protein and Ion Channel Linked Systems (most psychotropic drugs target these systems)

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

In the Second Messenger Malfunction Theory, problems in the ( 2nd, 1st ) messenger system can ( impair, increase ) neurotransmitter function ( without, with ) changes in monoamine levels or receptor numbers. This results in a ( downstream, upstream ) impact on gene expression.

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Serotonin is a monoamine, specifically an .

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

5HT is produced in the nuclei.

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

1

Disruption to the normal connection of serotonergic nuclei to this system, is thought to contribute to depression?

Select one of the following:

RAAS
Limbic System
Amygdala Pathway
Second Messenger Monaminergic System

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

1

Match the monoamine circuit to its function(s):
5HT:
❌
❌
❌
❌
NE
❌
❌
❌
DA
❌
❌❌

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Affect

Anxiety

Distress

Behavioral Inhibition

Arousal

Responsiveness

Alerting Signals

Reward

Interest

Motivation

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

1

The PMHNP is explaining to her patient the role of 5HT in depression, specifically the "Behavioral Inhibition" system. What is the best explanation of this system below?

Select one of the following:

It is linked to pleasure and reward, and this becomes overactive in depression, decreasing inhibition.
It is linked to the stimulus of the PFC, and subsequently behavioral arousal
It is tuned to responding to fear or anxiety producing stimuli

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

NE is a monoamine, specifically a .

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

NE in the CNS is produced in the .

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

1

Put the correct statement below:

Select one of the following:

NE stimulates the NA, then the PFC and then the VTA
NE stiumulates the PFC, then the VTA and then the NA
NE stimulates the VTA, then the PFC and then the NA
NE stimulates the PFC, then the amygdala and the the NA

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

1

NE is modulated by which part of the brain?

Select one of the following:

PFC
Nucleus Accumbens
Locus Coeruleus
Amygdala

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Dopamine is a monoamine, specifically a .

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The ( mesolimbic, mesocortical ) pathway is involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure.

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The ( mesocortical, mesolimbic ) pathway is involved in motivational behavior, and is tied to pleasure and reward.

Explanation

Question 21 of 40

1

Monoamine Hypothesis Made Simple for Patient Education-Label the functions with the correct neurotrasmitter.

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

Alertness, Energy

Attention, Motivation, Pleasure, Reward

Obsessions and Compulsions

Explanation

Question 22 of 40

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The most used neurotransmitter in the nervous system is .

Explanation

Question 23 of 40

1

What is the MOA of ketamine, and the reason why it may be useful in the treatment of depression?

Select one of the following:

It activates glutamate in the limbic system, mitigating the resulting dysfunction in the balance of glutamate receptor activation
It blocks the excitatory post synaptic response of glutamate.
NMDA is one of the main receptors for glutamate, and ketamine is an NMDA receptor blocker.

Explanation

Question 24 of 40

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Label the HPA Axis diagram sequentially with the correct parts of the brain:

Explanation

Question 25 of 40

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Chronic exposure to stress & high levels of ( glucocorticoids, cytokeines ) leads to neuronal atrophy and death.

Explanation

Question 26 of 40

1

T of F. One of the effects of chronic stress is decreased neurogenesis and hippocampal atrophy.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 27 of 40

1

Cytokines can (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Induce changes in mood and CNS function
impact neurotrasmitter metabolism
can cross the blood-brain barrier to have neurotoxic effects causing neuronal death
Cause psyhcosis
Play a not yet fully understood role in OCD

Explanation

Question 28 of 40

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Two the likely risk genes in Bipolar are the ( CACNA1C, SLC6A4 ) and ( ANK3., BDNF )

Explanation

Question 29 of 40

1

T or F. Genes = Probabilism not determinism.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 30 of 40

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

In bipolar disorder, there is thought to be decreased size and activity in the (use the abbreviation) and hyperactivity.

Explanation

Question 31 of 40

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

In bipolar disorder, hippocampus volume is ( decreased, increased ).

Explanation

Question 32 of 40

1

In mania frontal activity is most ❌ and limbic activity is most ❌

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

decreased

increased.

Explanation

Question 33 of 40

1

In bipolar mania, which neurotransmitter have greater activity (select all that apply)?

Select one or more of the following:

NE
5HT
DA
GABA

Explanation

Question 34 of 40

1

What is the Kindling Theory of Bipolar?

Select one of the following:

Your brain is like a slow, burning pile of smoldering sticks
Easily combustible small sticks or twigs used for starting a fire.
A process by which a brain event is both initiated and its recurrence made more likely. Essentially more vulnerable to future episodes.

Explanation

Question 35 of 40

1

This is a nice graphic for neurocircuitry of depression

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 36 of 40

1

Nice graphic for Bipolar.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 37 of 40

1

Additional helpful graphic

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 38 of 40

1

Simple Neurotransmitter Explanation

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 39 of 40

1

Neurotransmitter Imbalance Chart

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 40 of 40

1

Last one...there were just so many helpful charts out there!

Select one of the following:

True
False

	Created by Maggie Throckmorton over 6 years ago

Quiz on Neuroscience-Mood Disorders, created by Maggie Throckmorton on 27/03/2018.

Neuroscience-Mood Disorders

Question 1 of 40

As the provider, you are looking at genetic testing for your patient who you have diagnosed with depression. You know that the most noteworthy genes in MDD are (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

Label the 5 major regions of dysfunction in depressed brains.

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The is a structure that sits on top of the caudate-putamen and interacts with amygdala, and plays a major role in the perception of pain.

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

What functional processes in the brain, exacerbate PAIN in persons with MDD?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

T or F. The most current Monoamine Hypothesis posits that there are depleted monoamine levels (5HT, NE, DA) and these deficiencies can be measured in the plasma, CSF and brain tissue.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The NT Receptor hypothesis posits that abnormalities in the receptors for monoamine NT's leads to . Further, deficient activity of monoanime NT's causes of postsynaptic NT receptors.

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

Which important signal conduction cascades are triggered by neurotransmitters?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Serotonin is a monoamine, specifically an .

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

5HT is produced in the nuclei.

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

Disruption to the normal connection of serotonergic nuclei to this system, is thought to contribute to depression?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

Match the monoamine circuit to its function(s): 5HT: ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ NE ❌ ❌ ❌ DA ❌ ❌❌

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

The PMHNP is explaining to her patient the role of 5HT in depression, specifically the "Behavioral Inhibition" system. What is the best explanation of this system below?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

NE is a monoamine, specifically a .

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

NE in the CNS is produced in the .

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

Put the correct statement below:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

NE is modulated by which part of the brain?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Dopamine is a monoamine, specifically a .

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The mesolimbic mesocortical( mesolimbic, mesocortical ) pathway is involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure.

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The mesocortical mesolimbic( mesocortical, mesolimbic ) pathway is involved in motivational behavior, and is tied to pleasure and reward.

Match the monoamine circuit to its function(s):
5HT:
❌
❌
❌
❌
NE
❌
❌
❌
DA
❌
❌❌

The ( mesolimbic, mesocortical ) pathway is involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure.

The ( mesocortical, mesolimbic ) pathway is involved in motivational behavior, and is tied to pleasure and reward.

Chronic exposure to stress & high levels of ( glucocorticoids, cytokeines ) leads to neuronal atrophy and death.

Two the likely risk genes in Bipolar are the ( CACNA1C, SLC6A4 ) and ( ANK3., BDNF )

In bipolar disorder, hippocampus volume is ( decreased, increased ).