Neuroscience of Sleep

Question 1 of 59

1

Sleep is a naturally recurring state characterized by:
- reduced or absent ❌
- relatively suspended ❌ activity, and
- inactivity of nearly all ❌ muscle

Drag and drop to complete the text.

consciousness

memories

sensory

neuronal

voluntary

skeletal

Explanation

Question 2 of 59

1

Why do we sleep? (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Vital for learning, cognition and memory (memory consolidation
Restoration
Reorganization of neuronal activity
Neurogenesis
Instrumental to normal development

Explanation

Question 3 of 59

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

All animals produce ( circadian, dream ) rhythms, internal mechanisms that operate on an approxiamtely ( 24, 12 ) hour cycle of wakefulness and sleep.

Explanation

Question 4 of 59

1

Circadian rhythms also regulate (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Weather
Frequency of eating and drinking
Body Composition
Urination
Body Temperatue
Skin Turgor
Secretion of hormones
Insulin resistance
Sensitivity to drugs

Explanation

Question 5 of 59

1

T or F. The purpose of the circadian rhythms is to keep our internal workings in phase with the outside world.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 6 of 59

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A rhythm is a rhythm that occurs when no stimuli resets the rhythm.

Explanation

Question 7 of 59

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A is a term used to describe any stimulus that resets the circadian rhythms. Examples include , which is the primary one, as well as exercise, noise, meals and temperatue.

Explanation

Question 8 of 59

1

T or F. Rhythms of waking and sleep do not change as a function of age.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 59

1

See question in the image

Select one of the following:

alert
attentive
resting quietly
sleeping soundly

Explanation

Question 10 of 59

1

As we drift in and out of sleep at the start of a typical night’s sleep, we enter a sleep period known as:

Select one of the following:

REM sleep.
NREM sleep
Slow wave sleep.
Delta sleep.

Explanation

Question 11 of 59

1

Compared with stages 1 and 2 of the NREM sleep period, in stages 3 and 4:

Select one of the following:

Sleep is lighter and it is easier to wake the sleeper
Theta waves are more common
Muscle tone, heart rate, body temperative, and blood pressure all increase
Delta waves are more common

Explanation

Question 12 of 59

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

There is four stage of Non-REM sleep. This stage is also thought of as "( deep, early ) sleep".

Explanation

Question 13 of 59

1

Components of REM sleep include: (select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Rapid Eye Movement
Irregular heart rate and breathing
paradoxical sleep
dream state

Explanation

Question 14 of 59

1

A mix of alpha and theta brain waves is most commonly observed during ________sleep.

Select one of the following:

REM
REM Stage 1
NREM Stage 2
NREM Stage 3

Explanation

Question 15 of 59

1

During the night, we typically have how many cycles of NREM (1-4) and REM sleep?

Select one of the following:

2-3
5-7
4-5
8-10

Explanation

Question 16 of 59

1

Which of the following is NOT true of REM sleep?

Select one of the following:

During the night, REM sleep lengthens in duration
During the night REM sleep occurs after an NREM sleep cycle
Muscle tone increases during REM sleep
REM follows the lightest stages of sleep

Explanation

Question 17 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The length of time to the 1st REM episode (REM latency) is minutes. (put answer in numeric form).

Explanation

Question 18 of 59

1

REM latency is usually reduced in patients with:
❌
❌
❌
❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Exhaustion

Migraines

Depression

Anxiety

Narcolepsy

Cataplexy

Sleep apnea

Insomnia

Explanation

Question 19 of 59

1

Studies indicate that most adults need _____ hours of sleep each night

Select one of the following:

8-10
7-9
6-8
10-12

Explanation

Question 20 of 59

1

Match the Stage to the Wave Type:

Stage 1: ❌ ❌
Stage 2: ❌ ❌
Stage 3: ❌
Stage 4: ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

low voltage

mixed frequency

sleep spindles

K complexes

mostly slow waves

slow waves

Explanation

Question 21 of 59

1

Label the Stages of Sleep from the Drag & Drop Selections (note that some answers may be used twice-for Stage II, Use Stage II answer 1st, Stage 2 answer 2nd and Stage Two answer 3rd, for Stage III-use this form first):

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Wakefulness

NREM Stage 1

NREM Stage II

NREM Stage III

NREM Stage IV

NREM Stage 3

NREM Stage 2

REM

NREM Stage Two

Explanation

Question 22 of 59

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Match the characteristic to the type of sleep (NREM or REM):

EEG more similar to waking brain ( REM, NREM )
Lack of prominent eye movement or muscle paralysis ( NREM, REM )
Working through past ( NREM, REM )
Intense brain activity ( REM, NREM )
Vivid dreams ( REM, NREM )
Dreams-thoughts ( NREM, REM )
Emotional processing ( REM, NREM )
Learning ( NREM, REM )
Creativity ( REM, NREM )
Consciousness may be totally obliterated ( NREM, REM )
Dreams-hallucinatory ( REM, NREM )
The brain is active ( NREM, REM )
Transitional and slow wave sleep; neurological rest ( NREM, REM )
Potential future scenarios ( REM, NREM )

Explanation

Question 23 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

sleep is a restorative function, with slow-rolling eye movements, decreased muscle tone, movement, HR, RR, BP, metabolism and temperature

Explanation

Question 24 of 59

1

A sleep researcher is recording details of Elka's sleep patterns in a sleep laboratory. Elka's EEG recording shows that she is currently experiencing low-frequency, high-amplitude DELTA waves. Her EOG shows no sign of activity. The researcher can hear Elka talking, but cannot make out what she is saying. Elka is most likely experiencing:

Select one of the following:

REM Sleep
Muscle paralysis
NREM Stage 2 sleep
NREM Stage 4 sleep

Explanation

Question 25 of 59

1

During which stage of sleep will you experience “hypnic jerks” – often associated with the feeling of falling.

Select one of the following:

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4

Explanation

Question 26 of 59

1

Match the NREM stages of sleep to their characteristic (some have two answers, and some answers are used twice):
Stage 1 ❌
Stage 2 ❌ ❌
Stage 3 ❌, ❌ ❌
Stage 4 Delta waves, slow wave, ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Drowsiness

Light sleep

Sleep spindles occur

Delta waves

slow wave,

moderate-deep sleep

hardest to awaken from

Explanation

Question 27 of 59

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

sleep is defined as an active hallucinating brain in a paralyzed body. An active brain, inactive body. This occurs during sleep.

Explanation

Question 28 of 59

1

During REM sleep you will have:

Select one of the following:

Low frequency, high amplitute EEG
High frequency, low aplitute EEG

Explanation

Question 29 of 59

1

What causes the paralysis of large muscles during REM sleep?

Select one of the following:

Decreased GABA in pontine reticular formation inhibits lower motor neurons
Increased GABA in pontine reticular formation inhibits lower motor neurons
Decreased Glutamate in pontine reticular formation inhibits lower motor neurons
Increased Glutamate in pontine reticular formation inhibits lower motor neurons

Explanation

Question 30 of 59

1

T or F. You will have 4-5 episodes of REM sleep per night and they increase in length

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 31 of 59

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

During dreaming, which occurs in REM sleep, there is ( increased, decreased ) limbic system activity and ( decreased, increased ) activity in the PFC>

Explanation

Question 32 of 59

1

Fetal and infant sleep have a _____ proportion of REM sleep.

Select one of the following:

low
high

Explanation

Question 33 of 59

1

REM sleep is ________ during adult life.

Select one of the following:

Steady
Unsteady

Explanation

Question 34 of 59

1

REM sleep ______ with old age and the use of antidepressants.

Select one of the following:

increases
decreases

Explanation

Question 35 of 59

1

Stage 4 sleep has__________waves.

Select one of the following:

syncjhronized
desynchronized

Explanation

Question 36 of 59

1

REM sleep has ____________waves.

Select one of the following:

Synchronized
Desynchronized

Explanation

Question 37 of 59

1

Label the EEG Waves

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

ALPHA

BETA

THETA

DELTA

Explanation

Question 38 of 59

1

As we get older, the time to fall asleep:

Select one of the following:

Increases
Decreases

Explanation

Question 39 of 59

1

As we get older, our total sleep time:

Select one of the following:

Increases
Decreases

Explanation

Question 40 of 59

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The areas of the brain activated in REM sleep are (see slide 38 in PPT)
1) Anterior Cingulate Cortex
2)
3) Basal forebrain
4) Septal area
5)
6)

Explanation

Question 41 of 59

1

T or F. 5HT, ACh, NE, DA and Histamine are active during arousal and quiet during NREM.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 42 of 59

1

T or F. During REM, ACh neurons resume activity and monoamines slow down even further.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 43 of 59

1

The Wake Promoting Neurotransmitter include (match NT to correct area of the brain):

❌ - Nuclei in the pons
❌ - Locus coeruleus
❌ - Raphe nuclei
❌ Periaqueductal gray matter
❌ - TMN of the hypothalamus
❌ - Posterior hypothalamus

Drag and drop to complete the text.

ACh

NE

5HT

DA -

HIstamine

Orexin

Explanation

Question 44 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is the sleep-promoting neurotransmitter-in the VLPO (i.e. the sleep center) it inhibits TMN or wake promoter.

Explanation

Question 45 of 59

1

Too tired to turn this into a fancy matching question...so here it is for memorizing pleasure.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 46 of 59

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) signals the gland that synthesizes . The release increases as the environmental light decreases.

Explanation

Question 47 of 59

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The SCN is synchronized by signals from the retina. Retina signals are activated by inputs from the .

Explanation

Question 48 of 59

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Melatonin is an ( indolamine, cathecolamine ) and a circadian rhythm regulated hormone.

Explanation

Question 49 of 59

1

T or F. There is substantial evidence showing that melatonin turns off the activity of the SCN suggesting that this is the function that allows individuals to go to sleep.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 50 of 59

1

Put the melatonin fluctuation levels over a 24 hour period in the correct sequential order:

❌ The pineal gland begins producing melatonin in the evening.
❌: Melatonin levels peak in the middle of the night
3: Melatonin levels decline to low daytime amounts

Drag and drop to complete the text.

1:

2:

3:

2

Explanation

Question 51 of 59

1

Which of the following statements is true of sleep deprivation?

Select one of the following:

Sleep deprivation has no physiological effects
Sleep deprivation affects one's abilities to perform cognitive tasks
Sleep deprivation is a non-issue in older adults since they sleep less
The effects of sleep deprivation disappear only after the individual has slept for the same amount of time they were sleep deprived.

Explanation

Question 52 of 59

1

Narcolepsy is an irresistible attack of refreshing sleep that occurs daily over at least 3 months, and one must have at least one of the following (selecting all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Cataplexy
Apnea
Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in the CSF level
Excess GABA
Night terrors
Nocturnal sleep polysomnography showing REM sleep latency.

Explanation

Question 53 of 59

1

Narcolepsy -Major Symptoms (match the term to the correct definition):

❌: Sudden loss of postural tone brought on by emotion, particularly laughter
❌: No relieved by adequate amounts of sleep; persistent throughout the day
❌: Occurs at the onset of sleep or upon awakening
❌: Dream imagery occurring at the onset or end of sleep.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Cataplexy

Excessive sleepiness

Sleep paralysis

Hypnagogic/hypnopompic

Explanation

Question 54 of 59

1

The onset of narcolepsy is usually before _____ years of age.

Select one of the following:

20
10
40
30

Explanation

Question 55 of 59

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

Type ( I, II ) Narcolepsy is caused by hypocretin (orexin) deficiency and almost always accompanied by cataplexy.

Explanation

Question 56 of 59

1

The following are true in the neuroscience of narcolepsy (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Frequent REM sleep attacks during the day
SKIPS NREM
VLPO, the sleep switch in the brain induces sleep by putting brakes on GABA on arousal nuclei
Decreased orexin, wake-promoting neurons, in the hypothalamus.

Explanation

Question 57 of 59

1

Which medication will patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea have a poor response to?

Select one of the following:

Venlafaxine
Cymbalta
Viibyrd
Zoloft

Explanation

Question 58 of 59

1

T or F. Patients with a sleepwalking disorder (NREM) have amenisia for the episode.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 59 of 59

1

T or F. Snoozing with booze in your system makes you miss a key part of the sleep cycle known as REM.

Select one of the following:

True
False

	Created by Maggie Throckmorton over 6 years ago

Quiz on Neuroscience of Sleep, created by Maggie Throckmorton on 28/03/2018.

Neuroscience of Sleep

Question 1 of 59

Sleep is a naturally recurring state characterized by: - reduced or absent ❌ - relatively suspended ❌ activity, and - inactivity of nearly all ❌ muscle

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 2 of 59

Why do we sleep? (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 59

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

All animals produce circadian dream( circadian, dream ) rhythms, internal mechanisms that operate on an approxiamtely 24 12( 24, 12 ) hour cycle of wakefulness and sleep.

Explanation

Question 4 of 59

Circadian rhythms also regulate (select all that apply):

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 59

T or F. The purpose of the circadian rhythms is to keep our internal workings in phase with the outside world.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 59

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A rhythm is a rhythm that occurs when no stimuli resets the rhythm.

Explanation

Question 7 of 59

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

A is a term used to describe any stimulus that resets the circadian rhythms. Examples include , which is the primary one, as well as exercise, noise, meals and temperatue.

Explanation

Question 8 of 59

T or F. Rhythms of waking and sleep do not change as a function of age.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 59

See question in the image

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 59

As we drift in and out of sleep at the start of a typical night’s sleep, we enter a sleep period known as:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 11 of 59

Compared with stages 1 and 2 of the NREM sleep period, in stages 3 and 4:

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 59

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

There is four stage of Non-REM sleep. This stage is also thought of as "deep early( deep, early ) sleep".

Explanation

Question 13 of 59

Components of REM sleep include: (select all that apply)

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 59

A mix of alpha and theta brain waves is most commonly observed during ________sleep.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 59

During the night, we typically have how many cycles of NREM (1-4) and REM sleep?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 59

Which of the following is NOT true of REM sleep?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 59

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The length of time to the 1st REM episode (REM latency) is minutes. (put answer in numeric form).

Explanation

Question 18 of 59

REM latency is usually reduced in patients with: ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 19 of 59

Studies indicate that most adults need _____ hours of sleep each night

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 59

Match the Stage to the Wave Type: Stage 1: ❌ ❌ Stage 2: ❌ ❌ Stage 3: ❌ Stage 4: ❌

Sleep is a naturally recurring state characterized by:
- reduced or absent ❌
- relatively suspended ❌ activity, and
- inactivity of nearly all ❌ muscle

All animals produce ( circadian, dream ) rhythms, internal mechanisms that operate on an approxiamtely ( 24, 12 ) hour cycle of wakefulness and sleep.

There is four stage of Non-REM sleep. This stage is also thought of as "( deep, early ) sleep".

REM latency is usually reduced in patients with:
❌
❌
❌
❌

Match the Stage to the Wave Type:

Stage 1: ❌ ❌
Stage 2: ❌ ❌
Stage 3: ❌
Stage 4: ❌

Match the NREM stages of sleep to their characteristic (some have two answers, and some answers are used twice):
Stage 1 ❌
Stage 2 ❌ ❌
Stage 3 ❌, ❌ ❌
Stage 4 Delta waves, slow wave, ❌

During dreaming, which occurs in REM sleep, there is ( increased, decreased ) limbic system activity and ( decreased, increased ) activity in the PFC>