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Quiz on BIOL 2P97, created by Kelly B on 14/04/2018.

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BIOL 2P97

Question 1 of 91

1

CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?

Select one of the following:

  • Glycolysis

  • Citric Acid Cycle

  • Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

  • Only B and C are correct

Explanation

Question 2 of 91

1

CO2 is produced through which of the following metabolic pathways?

Select one of the following:

  • Glycolysis

  • Citric Acid Cycle

  • Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA

  • All of the above.

  • Only B and C are correct

Explanation

Question 3 of 91

1

___________ is the primary substrate for ATP production.

Select one of the following:

  • Amino acids.

  • Fatty acids.

  • Glucose.

  • Fructose.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 4 of 91

1

The energy in ATP is released during _______?

Select one of the following:

  • The addition of an inorganic phosphate group to ADP.

  • The hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate group of ATP.

  • Catabolic reactions.

  • The electron transport system.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 5 of 91

1

Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 91

1

The majority of body fluid is found within the _______.

Select one of the following:

  • Interstitial fluid.

  • Blood plasma.

  • Intracellular fluid.

  • Extracellular fluid.

Explanation

Question 7 of 91

1

Gastrointestinal tract performs:

Select one of the following:

  • Digestion.

  • Absorption.

  • Secretion.

  • Motility.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 8 of 91

1

Which of the following is not used to digest proteins?

Select one of the following:

  • Trypsin.

  • chymotrypsin.

  • pepsin.

  • amylase.

  • All of the above are used to digest proteins.

Explanation

Question 9 of 91

1

Secretions from the liver are stored in the ______ until food has been ingested.

Select one of the following:

  • Pancreas.

  • Small intestine.

  • Large intestine.

  • Gall bladder.

  • Spleen.

Explanation

Question 10 of 91

1

Gastric acid (HCL aka stomach acid) is produced by ________ cells of the stomach.

Select one of the following:

  • Parietal Cells

  • Chief cells.

  • D cells.

  • G cells.

  • Mucous neck cells.

Explanation

Question 11 of 91

1

Long-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?

Select one of the following:

  • Ghrelin

  • Pancreatic peptide

  • Peptide YY

  • Oxyntomodulin

  • Leptin

Explanation

Question 12 of 91

1

The storage of which of the following nutrients cause(s) water retention in the body?

Select one of the following:

  • Carbohydrates

  • Proteins

  • Triglycerides

  • Only A and B.

Explanation

Question 13 of 91

1

Short-term regulation of food intake can be achieved by?

Select one of the following:

  • Ghrelin

  • Pancreatic peptide

  • Peptide YY

  • Oxyntomodulin

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 14 of 91

1

In the absence of O2, energy in the form of ATP is primarily produced by ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Glycolysis

  • The citric acid cycle

  • The electron transport chain

  • The conversion of pyruvate to lactate

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 15 of 91

1

Which of the following would be expected to increase the rate of chemical reaction?

Select one of the following:

  • Increasing the activation energy

  • Decreasing amount of reactions available

  • Increasing the amount of products

  • Decreasing activation energy

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 16 of 91

1

Which of the following statements about enzymes is incorrect?

Select one of the following:

  • The activity of an enzyme can be regulated by factors present within a cell.

  • Most enzymes in humans have an optimal activity near the body's internal pH.

  • Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction.

  • All enzymes are produced in active form.

  • All of the above statements are correct.

Explanation

Question 17 of 91

1

Facilitated diffusion uses ______ to move molecules across the plasma membrane.

Select one of the following:

  • Enzymes

  • Carrier protiens

  • Electron shuttles.

  • Structural proteins.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 18 of 91

1

The majority of digestion occurs within the ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Stomach.

  • Small intestine.

  • Large intestines.

  • Esophagus.

  • Mouth.

Explanation

Question 19 of 91

1

Which of the following types of carbohydrates can be absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells?

Select one of the following:

  • Polysaccharides

  • Trisaccharides

  • Disaccharides

  • Monosaccharides

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 20 of 91

1

Bile salts are important for digestion of _______.

Select one of the following:

  • Carbohydrates.

  • Proteins.

  • Lipids.

  • Amino acids.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 21 of 91

1

______ refers to the loss of electromagnetic energy within the electromagnetic spectrum?

Select one of the following:

  • Conduction

  • Convection

  • Evaporation

  • Radiation

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 22 of 91

1

Sweating utilizes which of the following mechanisms of heat loss?

Select one of the following:

  • Conduction

  • Convection

  • Evaporation

  • Radiation

Explanation

Question 23 of 91

1

Which of the following transport mechanisms moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

Select one of the following:

  • Simple diffusion

  • Facilitated diffusion

  • Active transport

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 24 of 91

1

Primary active transport functions by taking energy via the hydrolysis of ATP, whereas secondary active transport functions by taking energy from stored ionic concentrations within the cell (aka concentration gradients).

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 91

1

______ refers to all chemical reactions that take place within an organism.

Select one of the following:

  • Catabolism

  • Anabolism

  • Metabolism

  • Digestion

  • Secretion

Explanation

Question 26 of 91

1

The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall is the?

Select one of the following:

  • Mucosa

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Serosa

  • Muscularis intera

Explanation

Question 27 of 91

1

The myenteric plexus can be found within the

Select one of the following:

  • Mucosa

  • Submucosa

  • Muscularis externa

  • Serosa

  • Mesentry

Explanation

Question 28 of 91

1

Which of the following enzymes is produced in the stomach?

Select one of the following:

  • Gastrin

  • Secretin

  • Trypsin

  • Pepsin

  • Amylase

Explanation

Question 29 of 91

1

Glucagon is produced by the ______ in the pancreas.

Select one of the following:

  • Alpha cells

  • Beta cells

  • D cells

  • G cells

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 30 of 91

1

Which of the following nutrients could be used to sustain normal bodily function during months of starvation?

Select one of the following:

  • Proteins

  • Carbohydrates

  • Lipids

  • All of the above

  • Both A and B

Explanation

Question 31 of 91

1

______ refers to the transfer of heat between two touching objects

Select one of the following:

  • Conduction

  • Convection

  • Evaporation

  • Radiation

Explanation

Question 32 of 91

1

Which of the following is not a property of carrier-mediated transport?

Select one of the following:

  • Specificity.

  • Competition.

  • Saturation.

  • All of the above are properties of carrier mediated transport.

  • Both A and B are not properties of carrier-mediated transport.

Explanation

Question 33 of 91

1

The maintenance of a stable internal environment is known as ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Homeostasis.

  • Equilibrium.

  • Osmosis.

  • Disequilibrium.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 34 of 91

1

Which of the following processes is used to move large molecules into a cell?

Select one of the following:

  • Exocytosis

  • Endocytosis

  • Phagocytosis

  • All of the above

  • Only B and C

Explanation

Question 35 of 91

1

______ increases blood glucose levels during the fasted state?

Select one of the following:

  • Glucagon

  • Insulin

  • Leptin

  • Neuropeptide Y

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 36 of 91

1

Material present within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract are considered to be external to the body.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 37 of 91

1

Glucagon is secreted by

Select one of the following:

  • Pancreatic alpha cells

  • Pancreatic beta cells

  • Stomach epithelial cells

  • Intestinal epithelial cells

  • The hypothalamus

Explanation

Question 38 of 91

1

Which one of the following statements about glucose homeostasis is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • Insulin is secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels.

  • Glucagon is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose levels.

  • Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues.

  • Glucagon promotes the uptake of glucose into tissues .

  • Diabetes melleitus is characterized by prolonged periods of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

Explanation

Question 39 of 91

1

Which of the following scenarios would be expected to cause weight gain.

Select one of the following:

  • Decrease in resting metabolic rate

  • Increase in thermic effect of feeding

  • Decrease in food consumption

  • Increase in physical activity

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 40 of 91

1

Energy metabolism occurs by taking oxygen and various carbon fuels in the form of fat, protein, or carbohydrates and breaking them down into ATP.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 41 of 91

1

_______ is an anabolic reaction that is fueled by ATP.

Select one of the following:

  • Cell growth

  • Cell repair

  • Making proteins

  • DNA and RNA synthesis

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 42 of 91

1

ATP production occurs through ______.

Select one of the following:

  • Glycolysis

  • Citric Acid Cycle

  • Beta oxidation

  • Protein Catabolism

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 43 of 91

1

Substrate level phosphorylation is _______ .

Select one of the following:

  • direct transfer of a phosphoryl group to ADP or GDP from another phosphorylated compound.

  • the loss of a phosphoryl group from ADP or GDP to a phosphorlyated comound.

  • Doesn't exist biologically.

Explanation

Question 44 of 91

1

High energy electrons are stripped form macromolecules during glycolysis, CaC, and pyruvate oxidation and sent to undergo beta oxidation for additional ATP production.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 45 of 91

1

The starting material for glycolysis includes

Select one of the following:

  • glucose and 2 ATP

  • 4 ATP and 2 glucose

  • 2 ATP and 2 glucose

  • just glucose

Explanation

Question 46 of 91

1

The end products of glycolysis include

Select one of the following:

  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH

  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 ATP, 4 NADH

  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 4 NADH

  • 2 pyruvate molecules, 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 FADH2

Explanation

Question 47 of 91

1

If oxygen is available, what happens to pyruvate?

Select one of the following:

  • It enters the mitochondria and is converted into acetycl-CoA

  • It cannot enter the mitochondria and stays within the cytosol

  • It enters the electron transport chain

  • It enters the mitochondrial matrix

Explanation

Question 48 of 91

1

The citric acid cycle will not take pyruvate on its own - it must be converted to acetyl-CoA to enter the cycle.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 49 of 91

1

Acetyl-CoA = carrying a pyruvate.
Coenzyme A = not carrying a pyruvate.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 50 of 91

1

When pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA an electron is taken from pyruvate to create an NADH.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 51 of 91

1

What happens to pyruvate if O2 is not present?

Select one of the following:

  • It is not shuttled into the mitochondria.

  • It is converted into lactate.

  • It enters the electron transport chain.

  • It is dissolved.

  • Both A and B.

Explanation

Question 52 of 91

1

In the process of pyruvate oxidation what are processes are involved:

Select one of the following:

  • Coenzyme A and pyruvate are converted by dehydrogenase into acetyl-CoA

  • Free energy released from pyruvate joins NAD+ to create NADH.

  • CO2 is produced in the production of acetyl-CoA which must be expelled from the cell.

  • All of the above.

Explanation

Question 53 of 91

1

When pyruvate is converted into lactate is enters the blood and travels to the liver where it breaks down back into pyruvate - next pyruvate is broken into its substrates which form together into a 6-carbon glucose which is put back into the blood for glycolysis.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 54 of 91

1

What are the end products of one cycle through the citric acid cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2, 1 ATP

  • 1 NADH, 2 FADH2, 5 CO2, 3 ATP

  • It has to go through twice to get anything.

  • 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2, 2 ATP

Explanation

Question 55 of 91

1

In the electron transport chain redox reactions fuel proton pumps that move H+ ions against their concentration gradient which drives ATP synthase within the mitochondrial matrix - this is known as the proton motive force.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 56 of 91

1

Glycogenesis is the breakdown of fructose to create glucose.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 57 of 91

1

Where is glycogen mainly stored?

Select one of the following:

  • Liver

  • Gall bladder

  • Pancreas

  • Small intestine

Explanation

Question 58 of 91

1

Lipase breaks down triglycerides into

Select one of the following:

  • 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

  • 5 fatty acids and a glucose

  • 3 fatty acids and a glucose

  • 3 fatty acids and a glycogen

Explanation

Question 59 of 91

1

When lipase breaks down a triglyceride what happens to its substrates?

Select one of the following:

  • glycerol enters glycolysis and the fatty acids undergo beta oxidation

  • they all enter the blood stream and go to the liver for storage

  • All of the above are possible.

Explanation

Question 60 of 91

1

Beta oxidation takes a fatty acid and breaks it down into 2 carbon acyl groups. These groups are then converted into acetyl-CoA which enters the CaC.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 61 of 91

1

Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from sugar.
Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from substrates.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 62 of 91

1

Amino acids, glycerol, and lactate are substrates used to create glucose in glucogenesis and this occurs mainly in the liver.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 63 of 91

1

What are the functions of the cellular membrane?

Select one of the following:

  • Structure

  • Communication

  • Physical Isolation

  • Regulation of Exchange

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 64 of 91

1

Desmones are cytoskeletal elements (aka keratin filaments) that attached to a proteinaceious plaque on the inner surface of the cell membrane. What do they do?

Select one of the following:

  • They allow neighbouring cells to be rigidly anchored to one another.

  • They allow for ions to pass through.

  • They prevent ions passing through.

  • They weaken bonds between cells.

Explanation

Question 65 of 91

1

What do G-protein coupled receptors do?

Select one of the following:

  • Enable communication across cellular membranes

  • Disable communication across cellular membranes

  • None of the above

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 66 of 91

1

What are the four general functions of the digestive system?

Select one of the following:

  • Absorption, digestion, motility, secretion.

  • Absorption, motility, secretion, endocytosis.

  • Motility, secretion, transportation, exocytosis.

  • None of the above.

Explanation

Question 67 of 91

1

_____ is the movement of material from the lumen, into the cells, and into the extracellular fluid.

Select one of the following:

  • Absorption

  • Secretion

  • Digestion

  • Ingestion

Explanation

Question 68 of 91

1

Digestion is the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 69 of 91

1

The stomach is made up of the ________

Select one or more of the following:

  • Fundus

  • Body

  • Antrum

  • Lumen

Explanation

Question 70 of 91

1

What makes up the small intestine?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Duodenum

  • Ileum

  • Jujenum

  • Secum

Explanation

Question 71 of 91

1

What are the accessory organs?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Liver

  • Gall bladder

  • Pancreas

  • The platypus

Explanation

Question 72 of 91

1

Which cells neutralize chyme through the secretion of bicarbonate.

Select one of the following:

  • Epethelial cells

  • Pancreatic duct cells

  • Parietal cells

  • A and B

Explanation

Question 73 of 91

1

What are the glands responsible for producing saliva within the mouth?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Parotid

  • Sublingual

  • Submandibular

  • Cricoid

  • Alveolar

Explanation

Question 74 of 91

1

The gastric glands are made up of parietal cells, mucous neck cells, and chief cells.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 75 of 91

1

The jujenum contains specialized structures that help protect the body from micro-organisms in food.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 76 of 91

1

CCK is secreted to decrease gastric motility and stimulate the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes when _____ is present.

Select one of the following:

  • Carbohydrates

  • Proteins

  • Lipids

  • Yo momma

Explanation

Question 77 of 91

1

When _______ is present GIP and GLP-1 are released to stimulate insulin secretion.

Select one of the following:

  • Carbohydrates

  • Lipids

  • Protein

  • Kittens

Explanation

Question 78 of 91

1

Secretin

Select one of the following:

  • Inhibits gastric HCL secretion

  • Inhibits motility

  • Stimulates HCO3 secretion (bicarbonate)

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 79 of 91

1

The large intestine can be divided into

Select one of the following:

  • ascending, descending, and sigmoid colon

  • ascending and descending colon

  • ascending, descending, and freudian colon

Explanation

Question 80 of 91

1

The hepatic portal vein prevents blood sugar from spiking by manipulating incoming nutrients before they go into circulation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 81 of 91

1

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine functions of the pancreas?

Select one of the following:

  • Endocrine; takes materials in from the lumen

  • Exocrine; takes material out into interstitial fluid

  • None of the above

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 82 of 91

1

Proteins must be broken down into peptides and amino acids for digestion and absorption.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 83 of 91

1

Type one diabetes is an autoimmune deficiency that results in the loss of pancreatic beta cells.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 84 of 91

1

What does protein digestion produce?

Select one of the following:

  • oligopeptides

  • amino acids

  • lipids

  • oligopeptides and amino acids

  • lipids and amino acids

Explanation

Question 85 of 91

1

What are lipids absorbed as

Select one of the following:

  • monoglycerides

  • fatty acids

  • cholesterol

  • None of the above

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 86 of 91

1

Lipase and co-lipase are responsible for digesting triglycerides

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 87 of 91

1

All substrates of lipids are digested within miscelles.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 88 of 91

1

Chylomicrons are made up of

Select one or more of the following:

  • fatty acids

  • monoglycerides

  • fructose

  • sucrose

  • cholesterol

  • some proteins

Explanation

Question 89 of 91

1

Chylomicrons are excytosed into the blood

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 90 of 91

1

What is lipemia?

Select one of the following:

  • when blood serum appears clear after a high protein meal

  • when blood serum appears cloudy after a high fat meal

  • when urine appears clear after a high protein meal

  • when urine appears cloudy after a high fat meal

Explanation

Question 91 of 91

1

How do chylomicrons enter the blood

Select one of the following:

  • through the thoracic duct

  • through the portal vein

  • through the aorta

  • none of the above

Explanation

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