Jessica Bulley
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MEDI1000 Immunology Wk 5

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Jessica Bulley
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Wk 5 - Immunology

Question 1 of 25

1

Explain the term: Clinical infection

Select one of the following:

  • Infections with signs and symptoms

  • Infection with pathogen but no symptoms

Explanation

Question 2 of 25

1

Explain the term: Sub-clinical infection

Select one of the following:

  • Infection with pathogen but no symptoms

  • Infections with signs and symptoms

Explanation

Question 3 of 25

1

Explain the term: Iatrogenic infection

Select one of the following:

  • From a medical practitioner / intervention (hospital)

  • Confined to one area of body

Explanation

Question 4 of 25

1

How are respiratory infections transmitted? Select Two answers

Select one or more of the following:

  • • Droplets (cough-sneeze)
    • Saliva
    • Soil-dust
    • water aerosols

  • Respiratory-salivary route - Sneezing propels mucus droplets from the respiratory mucosa, transmitting flu or cold viruses to a new host.

  • Contact transmission - (direct & indirect physical contact)

Explanation

Question 5 of 25

1

Zoonoses is a term used for what kind of disease?

Select one of the following:

  • • Direct animal-to-human
    • Animal-vector-human
    • Human-vector-human

  • • Direct animal-to-human
    • Animal- faecal-oral-human
    • Human-respiratory route-human

Explanation

Question 6 of 25

1

Explain the term: Endemic

Select one of the following:

  • – Disease present in a community (region) all the time, usually only clinical in a few

  • – Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

Explanation

Question 7 of 25

1

Explain the term: Epidemic

Select one of the following:

  • – Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

  • – Disease present in a community (region) all the time, usually only clinical in a few

Explanation

Question 8 of 25

1

Explain the term: Pandemic

Select one of the following:

  • – Wide spread epidemic, not confined to a single community or region (more than one continent)

  • – Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

Explanation

Question 9 of 25

1

Explain the term: Sporadic

Select one of the following:

  • Widely scattered disease, occurring singly, irregularly, infrequently

  • Wide spread epidemic, not confined to a single community or region (more than one continent)

Explanation

Question 10 of 25

1

What is “Epidemiology”?

Select one of the following:

  • deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

  • deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of dermatological diseases and other factors relating to skin care.

Explanation

Question 11 of 25

1

Explain the difference between Morbidity and Mortality

Select one of the following:

  • • Morbidity
    – Number made ill by infective agent
    • Mortality
    – Number of deaths caused by infective agent

  • • Morbidity
    – Number of deaths caused by infective agent
    • Mortality
    – Number made ill by infective agent

Explanation

Question 12 of 25

1

Explain the difference between Incidence and Prevalence

Select one of the following:

  • • Incidence
    – Number of new cases over specific period
    • Prevalence
    – Number of cases (infected or diseased) at a given time (old and new cases)

  • • Incidence
    – Number of cases (infected or diseased) at a given time (old and new cases)
    • Prevalence
    – Number of new cases over specific period

Explanation

Question 13 of 25

1

What factors influence the spread of disease in a community? Select Three answers

Select one or more of the following:

  • • Virulence of the pathogen

  • • Population susceptibility

  • • Pathogen transmission mode

  • • Education and awareness campaigns to the general public

Explanation

Question 14 of 25

1

List four ways of preventing the spread of disease in a community.

Select one or more of the following:

  • • Immunization

  • • Health personnel and community workers

  • • Educate the public

  • • Proper treatment of water supplies

  • • Complete segregation by class

Explanation

Question 15 of 25

1

Which disease of the following disease type would most likely spread quickly through the Perth community and why?

Select one of the following:

  • Respiratory disease

  • Sexually transmitted disease

  • Gastroenteritis

Explanation

Question 16 of 25

1

What are the two branches of the immune system?

Select one of the following:

  • Innate and Adaptive

  • Direct and Indirect

Explanation

Question 17 of 25

1

How does skin protect against bacteria?

Select one of the following:

  • Intact external barrier, NF, secretions

  • Normal flora eradicates the majority of bacteria

Explanation

Question 18 of 25

1

What white blood cells (WBC) types are phagocytic? Select Four

Select one or more of the following:

  • Neutrophils

  • Basophils

  • Eosinophils

  • Monocytes

  • T cells

Explanation

Question 19 of 25

1

What type of white blood cell (WBC) is mainly involved in the adaptive immune system?

Select one of the following:

  • lymphocytes

  • eosinophils

Explanation

Question 20 of 25

1

What antibody types are involved in the primary immune response?

Select one of the following:

  • B Cells and antibody is IgM (Immunoglobulin M)

  • B Cells and antibody is IgG (Immunoglobulin G)

Explanation

Question 21 of 25

1

What antibody types are involved in the secondary immune response?

Select one of the following:

  • IgG (Immunoglobulin G)

  • IgM (Immunoglobulin M)

Explanation

Question 22 of 25

1

What type of lymphocyte is involved in cell mediated immunity?

Select one of the following:

  • Two populations of T cells involved:
    – Cytotoxic T cells (TC)
    – Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

  • Two populations of B cells involved:
    – Cytotoxic B cells (BC)
    – Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

Explanation

Question 23 of 25

1

List the ways antibodies fight infection

Select one of the following:

  • • Antigens stimulate the generation of antibodies
    • Antibodies have specific binding (variable region) regions to specific antigens

  • • Antigens stimulate the generation of lymphocytes
    • Antibodies have specific binding (variable region) regions to specific antigens

Explanation

Question 24 of 25

1

List the antibody isotypes

Select one or more of the following:

  • • IgG
    – Monomer, most abundant in serum
    – largest amount, long term immunity, can cross placenta

  • • IgA
    – Monomer in serum, dimer in saliva and secretions, most abundant total
    – saliva and mucosal surfaces, tear, nasal fluids, milk

  • • IgM
    – Pentamer, primary response
    – first Ab to appear during an infection

  • • IgE
    – Monomer, stem binds mast cells, basophils and eosinophils causing release if granules
    – anti-parasite, allergy

  • • IgD
    – Monomer, attached to B cells, antigen receptor for activation
    – largest Ab - Ag receptor on B cells

  • • IgR
    – Monomer, most abundant in serum
    – largest amount, long term immunity, can cross placenta

Explanation

Question 25 of 25

1

What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation and how do they come about?

Select one or more of the following:

  • pain

  • heat

  • swelling

  • redness,

  • initiation of Chemical Mediators such as Increased vaso-dilation and increased capillary permeability

  • fever

  • initiation of Chemical Mediators such as Increased vaso-constriction and decreased capillary permeability

  • nausea

Explanation

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