Nora Kiernan
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kemp exam 3

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Nora Kiernan
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Exam 3

Exam 3

Question 1 of 50

1

As atmospheric concentrations of CO2 increase, ______ CO2 dissolves into the oceans making the oceans more ________.

Select one of the following:

  • Less; basic

  • more; basic

  • less; acidic

  • more; acidic

Explanation

Question 2 of 50

1

Burning coal, oil, and natural gas as an energy source moves carbon from the _____ carbon cycle to the _____ carbon cycle.

Select one of the following:

  • fast, fast

  • fast, slow

  • slow, fast

  • slow, slow

Explanation

Question 3 of 50

1

Which type of power plant produces the most CO2 emissions

Select one of the following:

  • Coal

  • They produce the same amount

  • Natural Gas

Explanation

Question 4 of 50

1

Humans burn coal, petroleum, and natural gas to release energy and do lots of work. What is the original source of energy that is stored in coal, petroleum, and natural gas?

Select one of the following:

  • The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured by ocean waves.

  • The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured when the moon split
    from the Earth.

  • The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured from the core of the
    planet.

  • The energy released by burning coal, petroleum, and natural gas was originally captured by ancient
    photosynthetic organisms.

Explanation

Question 5 of 50

1

Ocean dwelling invertebrates and salt-water fish are two groups of animals that are experiencing very high extinction rates over the past 150 years. Which of the following statements could help explain why species of both ocean dwelling invertebrates and salt-water fish are going extinct.

Select one of the following:

  • Due to increased greenhouse gasses, there is more sunlight hitting the ocean and ocean temperatures are rising.

  • More rain due to increased amounts of water vapor in the atmosphere.

  • Underwater volcanos are erupting more than at any other time in Earth’s history.

  • Changing ocean pH due to increased atmospheric CO2 levels.

Explanation

Question 6 of 50

1

Up to 40% of fresh water fish species are threatened or already extinct. Which of the following factors is contributing to the increased rate of fresh water fish species extinction?

Select one of the following:

  • Increasing human demand on fresh-water sources

  • The damming of rivers

  • Spread of Invasion species

  • All of the above

Explanation

Question 7 of 50

1

Which of the following carbon reservoirs has the MOST carbon in it?

Select one of the following:

  • Carbon in the deep earth in sediment and rocks

  • carbon in the oceans

  • carbon in the atmosphere

  • carbon in the topsoil

Explanation

Question 8 of 50

1

Carbon that is captured in an organic molecule
made during photosynthesis and enters the food
web is considered to be part of which carbon
cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • slow carbon cycle

  • fast carbon cycle

  • edible carbon cycle

  • sinister carbon cycle

Explanation

Question 9 of 50

1

Which of the following carbon reservoirs has the least carbon in it

Select one of the following:

  • carbon in the deep earth in sediment and rocks

  • carbon in the oceans

  • carbon in the atmosphere

  • carbon in the top soil

Explanation

Question 10 of 50

1

The slow carbon cycle describes carbon moving through these different forms and reservoirs. It typically takes a carbon molecule how long to move through these different reservoirs?

Select one of the following:

  • A few hundred years

  • hundreds of years

  • thousands of years

  • several hundred thousand years

  • many millions of years

Explanation

Question 11 of 50

1

All of the following affect atmospheric carbon concentrations except

Select one of the following:

  • how much fossil fuel is being burnt

  • dissolved carbon dioxide in the oceans

  • overall photosynthesis rates

  • how much carbon is entering the earth from the moon

Explanation

Question 12 of 50

1

Which of the following events do we think was a triggering event for a mass extinction?

Select one of the following:

  • a large meteorite striking the planet

  • rapid changes ocean pH

  • volcanic activity

  • rapid changes in average global temperatures

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 13 of 50

1

How can we determine extinction rates that occurred many millions of years ago?

Select one of the following:

  • By asking the species that lived through it

  • By examining the fossil record

  • By determine atmospheric conditions

  • There is a record of extinctions kept in the rings of trees

Explanation

Question 14 of 50

1

True or False: approximately 50% of the species that have ever lived on the earth are currently alive

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 50

1

Over the course of life’s history on planet Earth, how many mass extinctions have taken place?

Select one of the following:

  • 2

  • 3

  • 4

  • 5

  • 6

Explanation

Question 16 of 50

1

How does the rate of new species forming change in the few millions of years following a mass extinction
event?

Select one of the following:

  • Due to a lack of competition, there tends to be an increase in the rate of new species evolving after a mass
    extinction event.

  • The rate of new species evolution does not change before or after a mass extinction event

  • Due to a lack food, there tends to be a decrease in the rate of new species evolving after a mass extinction event

Explanation

Question 17 of 50

1

The age of the dinosaurs ended with the K-PG extinction event. This extinction event was triggered
approximately how many millions of years ago?

Select one of the following:

  • 65 million

  • 200 million

  • 250 million

  • 360 million

  • 430 million

Explanation

Question 18 of 50

1

As mass extinction is when _________ or more of the living species die off within a short period of time (typically two million years or less)

Select one of the following:

  • 25%

  • 50%

  • 75%

  • 90%

Explanation

Question 19 of 50

1

With declining population number in plant and animal species, as well as increased rates of species
extinctions, food webs and trophic levels become ________ stressed and move ______ collapsing.

Select one of the following:

  • more, farther from

  • more, closer to

  • less, farther from

  • less, closer to

Explanation

Question 20 of 50

1

Atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have _________ over the past 500 million years.

Select one of the following:

  • held steady

  • only increased

  • only decreased

  • gone through periods of increasing and decreasing

Explanation

Question 21 of 50

1

Clearcutting a forest to make pastures for
grazing cattle

Select one of the following:

  • can cause a decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

  • does not affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

  • Can cause an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

Explanation

Question 22 of 50

1

True or False: The choices consumers in America make have no effect on land usage in other countries.

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 50

1

Since 1976 humans have been cutting down forests (deforestation) faster than we have been planting new forests (reforestation). If we reversed this trend and created an economy where it was more profitable to plant new forests than chop down forests, we would expect atmospheric CO2 concentrations to

Select one of the following:

  • decrease

  • stay the same

  • increase

Explanation

Question 24 of 50

1

Invasive vine species can take over a forest, replacing hardwood tree species. Vines store _______ carbon in their bodies than hardwood trees

Select one of the following:

  • more

  • same

  • less

Explanation

Question 25 of 50

1

The Great Acceleration started
in the 1950s and continues to
this day. The Great Acceleration is marked by increased:

Select one of the following:

  • damming of rivers

  • human population

  • fertilizer use

  • paper production

  • all of the above are correct

Explanation

Question 26 of 50

1

which kills the most birds in a year

Select one of the following:

  • wind turbines

  • cell and radio towers

  • domesticated cats

Explanation

Question 27 of 50

1

Geologists and ecologists now agree that we are in a new geologic era that started in the 1950s. This era is called the

Select one of the following:

  • Uhohocene

  • holocene

  • anthropocene

  • humanocene

Explanation

Question 28 of 50

1

which protein source produces the most CO2 emissions per serving

Select one of the following:

  • Cheese

  • Beef

  • Pork

  • Beans

  • Poultry

Explanation

Question 29 of 50

1

The election in 2020 will be the first time since the 1980s that the baby boomers are not the largest voting demographic. Which generation is set to overtake the baby boomers?

Select one of the following:

  • Millennials

  • Generation Z

  • The silent generation

  • Generation X

Explanation

Question 30 of 50

1

True or False: Atmospheric carbon dioxide can diffuse into the oceans, changing the pH of the oceans.

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 31 of 50

1

Which sector of the American economy produces the most CO2 emissions?

Select one of the following:

  • Residential and commercial production

  • waste disposal treatment

  • power station

  • farming

Explanation

Question 32 of 50

1

Between 20-35% of the land plant species on the planet are threatened with extinction. A contributing factor to this situation is

Select one of the following:

  • ocean acidification

  • Farming

  • Increasing atmospheric CO2

  • Increasing average global temperatures

Explanation

Question 33 of 50

1

Plants species are going extinct at a high rate. As more and more plant species go extinct and the total photosynthesis rates on the planet decreases, we expect atmospheric CO2 concentrations to

Select one of the following:

  • decrease

  • increase

  • stay the same

Explanation

Question 34 of 50

1

Is earth in the currently in the midst of a mass extinction event

Select one of the following:

  • no

  • yes

Explanation

Question 35 of 50

1

While the slope of the keeling curve is
increasing, there are seasonal differences in
global atmospheric CO2 concentrations
during the year. Which of the following
statements best explains why there are
differences in total planetary levels of
photosynthesis during the year?

Select one of the following:

  • The temperatures during the summer months get warmer in the southern hemisphere than the northern
    hemisphere, so there is more photosynthesis in the southern hemisphere summer.

  • There is more land and plants in the northern hemisphere, so there is more photosynthesis during the northern
    hemisphere summer.

  • The seasonal differences in global atmospheric CO2 concentrations have nothing to do with photosynthesis.

Explanation

Question 36 of 50

1

Since 1958 atmospheric CO2 concentrations have been increasing. Recently, the average annual global temperatures have been ___________.

Select one of the following:

  • decreasing

  • holding steady

  • increasing

Explanation

Question 37 of 50

1

The 30% increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the past 60 years is primarily due to

Select one of the following:

  • more carbon entering the atmosphere from the sun

  • the removal of the trees so less CO2 is being used in photosynthesis

  • the burning do fossil fuels that release geologically stored carbon as CO2 gas

  • slowing down of the carbon cycle

Explanation

Question 38 of 50

1

True or False: Most models of human activity suggest that atmospheric concentration of CO2 will decrease over the next 20 years.

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 39 of 50

1

True or false: there is a direct correlation between increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and increasing average global tempures

Select one of the following:

  • True

  • False

Explanation

Question 40 of 50

1

Over the past 800,000 years, global average annual temperatures have

Select one of the following:

  • held steady

  • only increased

  • only decreased

  • gone through period of increasing and decrasing

Explanation

Question 41 of 50

1

Select the gases that are not considered greenhouse gases:

Select one of the following:

  • CH4

  • CO2

  • H2O vapor

  • N2O

  • they are all considered greenhouse gasses

Explanation

Question 42 of 50

1

How would you expect things to different if the earth atmosphere did not contain any greenhouse gasses?

Select one of the following:

  • The planet would be warmer than current conditions

  • The planet world be cooler than current conditions

  • The planet would be the same as current conditions

Explanation

Question 43 of 50

1

Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere affect average annual global temperatures by:

Select one of the following:

  • affecting how more solar evergy absorbing by the surface of the earht

  • blocking out the sun from plants and determining how much photosynthesis happens

  • causing more or less total sunlight reaching the earths surface

  • determining how much energy that is emitted by the earth is reflected back to the planet

Explanation

Question 44 of 50

1

Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere causes an _________ in average annual global temperatures.

Select one of the following:

  • increase

  • decrease

Explanation

Question 45 of 50

1

Over 50% of known mammal species are declining in population and over 20% of mammal species are already classified as endangered, threatened, or vulnerable. The single factor that has contributed the most to the decline in mammalian numbers is

Select one of the following:

  • the spread of invasive species

  • increasing CO2 concentrations

  • loss of habitat

  • meteorites

Explanation

Question 46 of 50

1

When a plant dies and the plant body decomposes to become part of the soil carbon is moved from the fast carbon cycle to the slow carbon cycle. Which plants are best at removing carbon from the fast carbon cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • Grasses that grow fast and die young.

  • Flowering plants that support a diverse ecosystem.

  • Vines that do not require lots of supporting tissues.

  • Hardwood trees that build massive bodies.

Explanation

Question 47 of 50

1

True or False: The deep ocean carbon reservoir contains lots of organic carbon from dead sea creatures.

Select one of the following:

  • true

  • false

Explanation

Question 48 of 50

1

How does the process of photosynthesis, which is also the primary production of all ecosystems, affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations?

Select one of the following:

  • Photosynthesis decreases atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

  • Photosynthesis does not affect atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

  • Photosynthesis increases atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

Explanation

Question 49 of 50

1

Null question

Select one of the following:

  • kemp messed up

  • Kemp messed up

Explanation

Question 50 of 50

1

Freebie- just pick an answer-Select one item from choices that you plan on doing to help reduce your carbon footprint.

Select one of the following:

  • Turn off lights and computers when not in use to reduce electric consumption.

  • Eat more locally grown food.

  • Advocate on the Marquette campus for more sustainable practices.

  • When you buy a car, you plan on buying an electric car.

Explanation

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