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Forensic Science Midterm Chapter 3

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Forensic Science Chapter 3

Forensic Science Chapter 3

Question 1 of 27

1

Evidence with individual characteristics can lead to a determination of common origin (single source). Which type of evidence CANNOT yield such results?

Select one of the following:

  • Random striations on tools

  • Fingerprints

  • Wear patterns on tires

  • Single-layer paints

Explanation

Question 2 of 27

1

The likelihood of finding class physical evidence is ____________ the likelihood of finding physical evidence with individual characteristics.

Select one of the following:

  • The same as

  • Less than

  • Greater than

Explanation

Question 3 of 27

1

Physical evidence is considered to have _______ as that of eyewitness (testimonial) evidence.

Select one of the following:

  • The same value

  • Greater value

  • Less value

Explanation

Question 4 of 27

1

The corroborative use of physical evidence means that it can be used to:

Select one of the following:

  • Provide a lead to give the investigation direction

  • Establish a definitive identity

  • Support other investigative findings

  • Rule out a particular suspect

Explanation

Question 5 of 27

1

Physical evidence can be used to exonerate or exclude a person from suspicion if:

Select one of the following:

  • It is collected in accordance with the Fourth Amendment

  • The standard reference sample (control) from the person does not share characteristics with evidence at the crime scene

  • It does not have a well-documented chain of custody

  • Evidence taken from suspect is obtained voluntarily

Explanation

Question 6 of 27

1

Forensic databases are maintained for all of the following EXCEPT

Select one of the following:

  • Fingerprints

  • Dental impressions

  • DNA

  • Automotive paint

Explanation

Question 7 of 27

1

The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) became fully operational in what year?

Select one of the following:

  • 1998

  • 1991

  • 1978

  • 1999

Explanation

Question 8 of 27

1

A component of the National Integrated Ballistics Information Network is called:

Select one of the following:

  • PDQ

  • CODIS

  • IBIS

  • a and b

Explanation

Question 9 of 27

1

When a forensic analyst determines the chemical composition of preparations that may contain illicit drugs such as heroin, cocaine, or barbiturates, this is an example of:

Select one of the following:

  • Individualization

  • Identification

  • Classification

  • Comparison

Explanation

Question 10 of 27

1

The examination of a paint chip found on a hit-and-run victim’s garment side-by-side with paint removed from a vehicle suspected of being involved in the incident is an example of:

Select one of the following:

  • Comparison

  • Identification

  • Classification

  • Individualization

Explanation

Question 11 of 27

1

Evidence having class characteristics can:

Select one of the following:

  • Exonerate an innocent suspect

  • Link a person to a crime with a high degree of certainty

  • Always be fitted together in a the manner of a jigsaw puzzle

  • Have no evidential value

Explanation

Question 12 of 27

1

If the laboratory can piece broken glass from a window or headlight together, then the evidence has _______ characteristics.

Select one of the following:

  • Identification

  • Comparative

  • Individual

  • Class

Explanation

Question 13 of 27

1

A comparison analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining

Select one of the following:

  • Whether or not they have a common origin

  • If they are identical in chemical composition

  • If the same person handled them

  • If they are alike in molecular structure

Explanation

Question 14 of 27

1

Determining that an explosive mixture contains dynamite is an example of the process of:

Select one of the following:

  • Identification

  • Comparison

  • Class characterizations

  • Individualization

Explanation

Question 15 of 27

1

The computerized database used to store DNA information is:

Select one of the following:

  • AFIS

  • CODIS

  • NIBIN

  • Drugfire

Explanation

Question 16 of 27

1

To calculate the overall frequency of occurrence of a blood type in a population, the _____ can be applied by using a series of blood factors that occur independently of each other.

Select one of the following:

  • Locard's exchange principle

  • Multiplication table

  • Tangent method

  • Product rule

Explanation

Question 17 of 27

1

The value of class physical evidence lies in its ability to:

Select one of the following:

  • State with certainty the identify of the perpetrator

  • Corroborate events with data in a manner nearly without bias

  • Determine the probability of the occurrence of an event

  • Determine the quality of forensic analyses carried out on the evidence

Explanation

Question 18 of 27

1

Which of the following is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the FBI and launched in 1999?

Select one of the following:

  • NIBIN

  • PDQ

  • IAFIS

  • SICAR

Explanation

Question 19 of 27

1

Paint chips, random glass fragments, and synthetic fibers all exhibit:

Select one of the following:

  • Individual characteristics

  • Class characteristics

  • Identification characteristics

  • Comparison characteristics

Explanation

Question 20 of 27

1

The database that contains chemical and color information pertaining to original automotive paints is the:

Select one of the following:

  • PDQ

  • NIBIN

  • SICAR

  • IAFIS

Explanation

Question 21 of 27

1

The database that includes more than 300 manufacturers of shoes with more than 8,000 different sole patterns is the:

Select one of the following:

  • PDQ

  • SICAR

  • IAFIS

  • CODIS

Explanation

Question 22 of 27

1

Which source of CODIS contains DNA profiles from unsolved crime scene evidence?

Select one of the following:

  • Offender index

  • National index

  • Forensic index

  • DNA index

Explanation

Question 23 of 27

1

The PDQ is maintained by the:

Select one of the following:

  • FBI

  • RCMP

  • ATF

  • National DNA Database

Explanation

Question 24 of 27

1

The "jigsaw fit" of known and questioned fragments is important for court presentation primarily because:

Select one of the following:

  • It is quick way of demonstrating how the object broke

  • Courts and juries are too nonscientific to understand it any other way

  • Instrumental analysis is too complicated to explain to nontechnical juries

  • This method will definitely demonstrate common origin when a match is made

Explanation

Question 25 of 27

1

Who ultimately determines the significance of physical evidence in a trial?

Select one of the following:

  • The judge

  • Expert witness

  • The Supreme Court

  • The jury

Explanation

Question 26 of 27

1

Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring factors is called the:

Select one of the following:

  • Multiplication rule

  • Frequency rule

  • Product rule

  • Factor rule

Explanation

Question 27 of 27

1

A computerized archive of information relating to a specific type of physical evidence is a(n):

Select one of the following:

  • Evidence database

  • Information database

  • Comparison database

  • Forensic database

Explanation

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