Marina Martins
Quiz by , created more than 1 year ago

MCQ covering the 13 CVS lectures taught during GAB year.

35
1
0
Marina Martins
Created by Marina Martins about 6 years ago
Close

GAB - Cardiovascular System

Question 1 of 49

1

When deoxygenated blood returns from circulation, it passes through the heart chambers and valves in what order?

Select one of the following:

  • RA > mitral valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > tricuspid valve > LV > aortic valve

  • RA > tricuspid valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > mitral valve > LV > aortic valve

  • LA > mitral valve > LV > pulmonary valve > RA > tricuspid valve > RV > aortic valve

  • LA > pulmonary valve > LV > tricuspid valve > RA > aortic valve > RV > mitral valve

Explanation

Question 2 of 49

1

What artery directly provides the blood supply to the heart?

Select one of the following:

  • subclavian artery

  • coronary arteries

  • interlobular artery

  • pulmonary artery

Explanation

Question 3 of 49

1

What is the correct order of an vein's structure, starting from the layer closest to the lumen?

Select one of the following:

  • endothelium > internal elastic lamina > tunica media > tunica adventitia

  • epithelium > tunica muscularis > serosa > vaso vasorum > tunica media

  • endothelium > tunica adventitia > internal elastic lamina . tunica media

  • epithelium > tunica adventitia > serosa > tunica media > external elastic lamina

Explanation

Question 4 of 49

1

What provides proteins to nourish a capillary's endothelium?

Select one of the following:

  • pericytes

  • endothelial cell

  • internal elastic lamina

  • basal lamina

Explanation

Question 5 of 49

1

Sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers are located in which arterial layer?

Select one of the following:

  • tunica media

  • tunica adventitia

  • tunica intima

  • internal elastic lamina

Explanation

Question 6 of 49

1

What are known as capacitance vessels?

Select one of the following:

  • veins

  • arterioles

  • capillaries

  • large arteries

Explanation

Question 7 of 49

1

Which part of the capillary has the lowest filtration rate?

Select one of the following:

  • venous end

  • the filtration rate is the same throughout the capillary

  • arterial end

Explanation

Question 8 of 49

1

What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?

Select one of the following:

  • sinoatrial node

  • atrioventricular node

  • purkinje system

  • aortic valve

Explanation

Question 9 of 49

1

What is the correct order of conduction of the cardiac system?

Select one of the following:

  • SA node > atria > AV node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle

  • SA node > purkinje system > AV node > ventricular muscle > atria

  • AV node > atria > SA node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle

  • AV node > purkinje system > SA node > ventricular muscle > atria

Explanation

Question 10 of 49

1

What causes the "funny" current?

Select one of the following:

  • calcium using leaky channels to enter the cell

  • opening of potassium channels

  • sodium using leaky channels to enter the cell

  • opening of calcium channels

Explanation

Question 11 of 49

1

Once threshold is hit during a pacemaker action potential, which ion channels open?

Select one of the following:

  • calcium

  • potassium

  • sodium

  • both potassium and sodium

Explanation

Question 12 of 49

1

What is the electrochemical link that allows cardiac muscle to act as a functional syncytium?

Select one of the following:

  • gap junctions

  • desmosomes

  • high mitochondrial density

  • sarcomere

Explanation

Question 13 of 49

1

"Fast" type action potentials occur in which cardiac region?

Select one of the following:

  • pacemaker

  • ventricles

Explanation

Question 14 of 49

1

Which cardiac tissue has a shorter action potential duration?

Select one of the following:

  • pacemaker

  • ventricular tissue

Explanation

Question 15 of 49

1

AV valves are open during which stage(s) of the cardiac cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • ventricular diastole only

  • ventricular diastole and atrial systole

  • ventricular systole only

  • ventricular systole and atrial systole

Explanation

Question 16 of 49

1

What valves are open during the isovolumetric phase of the cardiac cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • both AV and semilunar valves

  • AV valves only

  • no valves are open

  • semilunar valves only

Explanation

Question 17 of 49

1

Overall, diastole makes up approximately what fraction of the cardiac cycle?

Select one of the following:

  • 2/3

  • 1/2

  • 1/4

  • 1/3

Explanation

Question 18 of 49

1

Aortic pressure is highest during

Select one of the following:

  • atrial systole

  • ventricular systole

  • isovolumetric phases

  • ventricular diastole

Explanation

Question 19 of 49

1

The dicrotic notch is caused by

Select one of the following:

  • the closure of the aortic valve

  • the closure of the pulmonary valve

  • the bulging of the AV valves

  • the closure of the AV valves

Explanation

Question 20 of 49

1

"Lub dub" is often used to describe the heart sounds of the cardiac cycle. What causes the "dub?"

Select one of the following:

  • closure of the AV valves

  • closure of the semilunar valves

  • the rapid movement of blood in the ventricles

  • opening of the AV valves

Explanation

Question 21 of 49

1

The QRS complex of an electrocardiogram refers to

Select one of the following:

  • atrial depolarisation

  • ventricular depolarisation

  • ventricular repolarisation

  • AV conduction time

Explanation

Question 22 of 49

1

Using an ECG, what defines a first degree AV block?

Select one of the following:

  • prolonged PR intervals

  • more P waves than QRS complexes

  • P waves and QRS complexes are complete dissociated

Explanation

Question 23 of 49

1

What would cause a decrease in heart rate?

Select one of the following:

  • increasing vagal tone

  • increasing sympathetic tone

  • decreasing vagal tone

Explanation

Question 24 of 49

1

An abnormally low heart rate is known as

Select one of the following:

  • bradycardia

  • tachycardia

  • normocardia

  • arrhythmia

Explanation

Question 25 of 49

1

What could cause a lowered ventricular ejection fraction?

Select one of the following:

  • increased stroke volume

  • decreased stroke volume

  • decreased end diastolic volume

Explanation

Question 26 of 49

1

Which would increase cardiac output?

Select one of the following:

  • beta-adrenoceptor agonist

  • muscarinic agonist

  • increased afterload

  • decreased preload

Explanation

Question 27 of 49

1

Preload is synonymous with

Select one of the following:

  • venous pressure

  • arterial pressure

  • peripheral resistance

  • arterial volume

Explanation

Question 28 of 49

1

The energy of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest. This is known as

Select one of the following:

  • bohr's law

  • starling's law

  • wolff's law

  • poiseuille's law

Explanation

Question 29 of 49

1

Which of the following is a short-term regulator of blood pressure?

Select one of the following:

  • baroreceptor regulation

  • renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

  • natriuretic peptides

  • vasopressin

Explanation

Question 30 of 49

1

What type of myocytes directly respond to both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation?

Select one of the following:

  • atrial myocytes

  • ventricular myocytes

  • both atrial and ventricular myocytes

Explanation

Question 31 of 49

1

What type of innervation would result in decreased inotropy?

Select one of the following:

  • parasympathetic innervation

  • sympathetic innervation

Explanation

Question 32 of 49

1

Baroreceptors are located in which layer of the arterial wall?

Select one of the following:

  • tunica adventitia

  • tunica media

  • basal lamina

  • endothelium

Explanation

Question 33 of 49

1

Baroreceptors are located in the

Select one of the following:

  • aortic arch

  • carotid sinus

  • aortic arch and carotid sinus

Explanation

Question 34 of 49

1

How would a decrease in blood pressure affect baroreceptor firing?

Select one of the following:

  • baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change in pressure but eventually stabilize at a slightly faster firing rate

  • there would be a brief halt in firing during the change in blood pressure with a lowered rate of firing after the change

  • baroreceptor firing would be unaffected

  • baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change but eventually stabilize at a lowered firing rate

Explanation

Question 35 of 49

1

Changes in blood pressure are sensed by which part of the brain?

Select one of the following:

  • medulla oblongata

  • pons

  • cerebral cortex

  • hypothalamus

Explanation

Question 36 of 49

1

What would activate the renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

Select one of the following:

  • increased blood pressure

  • increased parasympathetic innervation

  • increased sympathetic innervation

  • decreased NaCl load

Explanation

Question 37 of 49

1

What regulates vasopressin release?

Select one of the following:

  • baroreceptors

  • atrial receptors

  • ventricular receptors

  • both baroreceptors and atrial receptors

Explanation

Question 38 of 49

1

What is NOT caused by natriuretic peptide release?

Select one of the following:

  • glomerular arteriole dilation

  • lowered TPR

  • inhibition of RAAS

  • increased blood volume

Explanation

Question 39 of 49

1

'Internal transfusion' occurs during

Select one of the following:

  • hypertension

  • hypovolaemia

  • hypervolaemia

  • increased sympathetic innervation

Explanation

Question 40 of 49

1

Which type of thrombosis has a large platelet component?

Select one of the following:

  • arterial thrombosis

  • venous thrombosis

  • all types of thromboses

Explanation

Question 41 of 49

1

What would inhibit platelet adhesion?

Select one of the following:

  • increased release of serotonin

  • increased thromboxane synthesis

  • increase in platelet cGMP

  • decrease in platelet cAMP

Explanation

Question 42 of 49

1

What is the enzymatic process in platelet adhesion involving the conversion of proenzymes to active enzymes?

Select one of the following:

  • coagulation cascade

  • haemostasis

  • contact activation

  • fibrinolysis

Explanation

Question 43 of 49

1

Which of the following is an endogenous anticoagulant?

Select one of the following:

  • thromboxane

  • ATIII

  • serotonin

  • ADP

Explanation

Question 44 of 49

1

Which of the following would inhibit coagulation?

Select one of the following:

  • increasing vitamin K synthesis

  • blocking ATIII synthesis

  • use of a calcium chelator

  • lowering platelet cAMP

Explanation

Question 45 of 49

1

Which drug acts independently of ATIII?

Select one of the following:

  • hirudin

  • heparin

  • LMW heparin

Explanation

Question 46 of 49

1

Which parasite can cause pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs?

Select one of the following:

  • Toxocara

  • Dirofilaria

  • Leishmania

  • Filaroides

Explanation

Question 47 of 49

1

Which lead is most commonly displayed on an ECG?

Select one of the following:

  • Lead I

  • Lead II

  • Lead III

  • Lead IV

Explanation

Question 48 of 49

1

Which pulse site is more sensitive to lowered blood pressure?

Select one of the following:

  • peripheral

  • central

  • there is no difference

Explanation

Question 49 of 49

1

While monitoring anesthesia for a patient during an orthopaedic procedure, you noticed the O2 saturation is at 99% while EtCO2 is 80 mmHg as well. Is the patient well ventilated? Which value would determine this?

Select one of the following:

  • No because of the high EtCO2

  • No because of the high O2

  • Yes because of the high O2

  • Yes because of the high EtCO2

Explanation

Previous
Check answer
Next