Marina Martins
Quiz by , created more than 1 year ago

MCQ covering the 3 respiratory lectures in the graduate accelerated course at RVC.

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Marina Martins
Created by Marina Martins about 6 years ago
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GAB - Respiratory System

GAB - Respiratory System

Question 1 of 61

1

Tidal volume refers to

Select one of the following:

  • the volume of air in the lungs when passively breathing

  • the lung volume when inhaling to the full extent of lung capacity

  • the lung volume of maximum inhalation to maximum exhalation

  • the volume of air left in the lungs after exhaling

Explanation

Question 2 of 61

1

Which animal would have the highest tidal volume?

Select one of the following:

  • Cow

  • Horse

  • Man

  • Dog

Explanation

Question 3 of 61

1

Which animal would have the lowest respiratory frequency?

Select one of the following:

  • Dog

  • Man

  • Cow

  • Horse

Explanation

Question 4 of 61

1

All domestic species have two clearly-defined lobes in their left lung, EXCEPT for...

Select one of the following:

  • horses

  • ruminants

  • pigs

  • carnivores

Explanation

Question 5 of 61

1

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the right lung?

Select one of the following:

  • cranial

  • middle

  • caudal

  • medial

  • accessory

Explanation

Question 6 of 61

1

Which animal(s) has its cranial lobe supplied by the tracheal bronchus?

Select one or more of the following:

  • Sheep

  • Cow

  • Pig

  • Horse

  • Dog

Explanation

Question 7 of 61

1

Which lung lobe lies along the ventral midline of the left and right lung?

Select one of the following:

  • cranial

  • caudal

  • medial

  • accessory

  • middle

Explanation

Question 8 of 61

1

Which pleura lines the lateral wall of the rib cage?

Select one of the following:

  • mediastinal pleura

  • diaphragmatic pleura

  • costal pleura

  • visceral pleura

Explanation

Question 9 of 61

1

Which structures are contained within the mediastinum?

Select one or more of the following:

  • lungs

  • thymus

  • trachea

  • heart

  • caudal vena cava

  • right phrenic nerve

  • oesophagus

Explanation

Question 10 of 61

1

Which pleura is attached to the surface of the lung?

Select one of the following:

  • pulmonary pleura

  • costal pleura

  • diaphragmatic pleura

  • mediastinal pleura

Explanation

Question 11 of 61

1

"Roaring" is usually caused by damage to which nerve?

Select one of the following:

  • Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

  • Glossopharyngeal nerve

  • Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

  • Hypoglossal nerve

Explanation

Question 12 of 61

1

Which of the following make up the conducting airways?

Select one or more of the following:

  • trachea

  • bronchi

  • bronchioles

  • terminal bronchioles

  • respiratory bronchioles

  • alveolar ducts

  • alveolar sacs

Explanation

Question 13 of 61

1

Gas exchange occurs in the

Select one of the following:

  • conducting airways

  • respiratory zone

Explanation

Question 14 of 61

1

Dead spaces refer to areas that are ventilated but not perfused.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 15 of 61

1

What type of epithelium lines the trachea?

Select one of the following:

  • ciliated columnar epithelium

  • ciliated cuboidal epithelium

  • ciliated stratified squamous epitihelium

  • non-ciliated columnar epithelium

Explanation

Question 16 of 61

1

Which of the following are characteristics of the bronchus?

Select one or more of the following:

  • ciliated columnar epithelium

  • cuboidal epithelium

  • contains goblet cells

  • contains clara cells

  • has irregular plates of cartilage

  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial

Explanation

Question 17 of 61

1

Which of the following are characteristics of bronchioles?

Select one or more of the following:

  • ciliated columnar epithelium

  • cuboidal epithelium

  • has goblet cells

  • has clara cells

  • has irregular plates of cartilage

  • has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial sheath

Explanation

Question 18 of 61

1

Contraction of which structure allows for redistribution of gas in the lungs?

Select one of the following:

  • alveolar duct

  • alveolar sac

  • alveolus

  • respiratory bronchiole

Explanation

Question 19 of 61

1

What is considered the "exhcange tissue" of the lung?

Select one of the following:

  • Alveloli

  • Pneumocytes

  • Clara cells

  • Goblet cells

Explanation

Question 20 of 61

1

Connective tissue cells and fibers make up the alveolar interstitium.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 61

1

Which of the following is a consequence of pulmonary fibrosis?

Select one or more of the following:

  • large deposition of collage when prevents proper inspiration

  • large deposition of fibrin

  • invasion of basophils into the alveolar spaces

  • inefficient gas exchange

  • reduced compliance

Explanation

Question 22 of 61

1

Blood in the bronchial artery drains via the

Select one or more of the following:

  • common capillary network

  • bronchial veins

  • azygous veins

Explanation

Question 23 of 61

1

What type of muscle surrounds the airways in the lung?

Select one of the following:

  • Smooth muscle

  • Skeletal muscle

  • Cardiac muscle

Explanation

Question 24 of 61

1

Fick's law refers to

Select one of the following:

  • how the rate of gas exchange is affected by the pressure difference, thickness and total surface area of a tissue

  • the binding affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin when related to acidity and carbon dioxide concentration

  • how the energy contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest

  • how the binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the lungs causes the displacement of CO2 from hemoglobin

Explanation

Question 25 of 61

1

How would an increase in tissue thickness affect gas exchange?

Select one of the following:

  • it would decrease

  • it would increase

  • it would not change

Explanation

Question 26 of 61

1

What is the partial pressure of O2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary respectively?

Select one of the following:

  • A: 40 mmHg
    V: 104 mmHg

  • A: 45 mmHg
    V: 110 mmHg

  • A: 104 mmHg
    V: 40 mmHg

  • A: 45 mmHg
    V: 40 mmHg

Explanation

Question 27 of 61

1

What is the partial pressure of CO2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary?

Select one of the following:

  • A: 45 mmHg
    V: 40 mmHg

  • A: 40 mmHg
    V: 104 mmHg

  • A: 40 mmHg
    V: 45 mmHg

  • A: 110 mmHg
    V: 45 mmHg

Explanation

Question 28 of 61

1

All other factors being the same, which partial pressures would result in the slowest diffusion of O2 into the tissue?

Select one of the following:

  • Arterial blood PO2: 95 mmHg
    Interstitial fluid PO2: 40 mmHg

  • Arterial blood PO2: 80 mmHg
    Interstitial fluid PO2: 60 mmHg

  • Arterial blood PO2: 70 mmHg
    Interstitial fluid PO2: 20 mmHg

  • Arterial blood PO2: 120 mmHg
    Interstitial fluid PO2: 70 mmHg

Explanation

Question 29 of 61

1

In a normal animal, how would perfusion (Q) and ventilation (V) be affected in the lower region of the lung?

Select one of the following:

  • both Q and V would be higher but Q > V

  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q

  • both Q and V would be equally lower

  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V

  • both Q and V would be equally higher

Explanation

Question 30 of 61

1

In a normal animal, how would ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) be affected in the upper zone of the lungs?

Select one of the following:

  • both Q and V would be lower but V > Q

  • both Q and V would be lower but Q > V

  • both Q and V would be higher but V > Q

  • both Q and V would be higher but Q < V

  • both Q and V would equally increase

  • both Q and V would equally decrease

Explanation

Question 31 of 61

1

In the upper zone of the lung, ventilation is better than perfusion.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 32 of 61

1

A small degree of shunt occurs in which region of a healthy lung?

Select one of the following:

  • lower zone

  • mid zone

  • upper zone

Explanation

Question 33 of 61

1

A small degree of deadspace occurs in which region of a healthy lung?

Select one of the following:

  • lower zone

  • mid zone

  • upper zone

Explanation

Question 34 of 61

1

How would a tracheal blockage affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?

Select one of the following:

  • decreased V/Q

  • increased V/Q

  • there would be no change

Explanation

Question 35 of 61

1

A tracheal blockage would result in...

Select one of the following:

  • alveolar dead space

  • shunt

Explanation

Question 36 of 61

1

A thromboembolism would result in...

Select one of the following:

  • alveolar dead space

  • shunt

Explanation

Question 37 of 61

1

How would a thromboembolism in the pulmonary artery affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?

Select one of the following:

  • V/Q would increase

  • V/Q would decrease

  • there would be no change

Explanation

Question 38 of 61

1

How would a decrease in stroke volume affect V/Q?

Select one of the following:

  • V/Q would increase

  • V/Q would decrease

  • V/Q would be unaffected

Explanation

Question 39 of 61

1

How would a decrease in afterload affect V/Q?

Select one of the following:

  • V/Q would increase

  • V/Q would decrease

  • it would be unchanged

Explanation

Question 40 of 61

1

How does the partial pressure of oxygen affect hemoglobin-oxygen binding?

Select one or more of the following:

  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb

  • a high PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb

  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb

  • a low PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb

Explanation

Question 41 of 61

1

How would heavy exercise affect the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve?

Select one of the following:

  • it would shift to the right

  • it would shift to the left

  • it would be unchaged

Explanation

Question 42 of 61

1

Hemoglobin affinity for carbon monoxide is much lower than for oxygen.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 43 of 61

1

The majority of carbon dioxide is carried as...

Select one of the following:

  • dissolved CO2

  • HbCO2

  • HCO3-

Explanation

Question 44 of 61

1

Which of the following are muscles of inspiration?

Select one or more of the following:

  • diaphragm

  • external intercostal muscles

  • internal intercostal muscles

  • scalene muscles

  • abdominal muscles

  • no muscles are used

Explanation

Question 45 of 61

1

Resting breathing uses which muscles for expiration?

Select one or more of the following:

  • no muscles are used

  • diaphragm

  • external intercostal muscles

  • scalene muscles

  • abdominal muscles

  • internal intercostal muscles

Explanation

Question 46 of 61

1

Breathing during exercise uses which muscles for expiration?

Select one or more of the following:

  • no muscles are used

  • diaphragm

  • external intercostal muscles

  • scalene muscles

  • abdominal muscles

  • internal intercostal muscles

Explanation

Question 47 of 61

1

How would transpulmonary pressure change during ventilation?

Select one of the following:

  • increase during inspiration and decrease during expiration

  • decrease during inspiration and increase during expiration

  • it would remain constant during both inspiration and expiration

Explanation

Question 48 of 61

1

Which animal would have more compliant lungs?

Select one of the following:

  • horse

  • dog

  • sheep

  • cat

Explanation

Question 49 of 61

1

Which of the following would cause an increase in compliance?

Select one of the following:

  • pulmonary fibrosis

  • alveolar oedema

  • pulmonary emphysema

  • increased pulmonary venous pressure

Explanation

Question 50 of 61

1

What cell type is responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant?

Select one of the following:

  • Type 1 pnuemocytes

  • Type 2 pnuemocytes

  • Clara cells

  • Goblet cells

Explanation

Question 51 of 61

1

Surface tension increases in...

Select one of the following:

  • smaller alveoli

  • larger alveoli

Explanation

Question 52 of 61

1

Acetylcholine binds to which receptor type in the lungs?

Select one of the following:

  • M1

  • M3

  • Nm

  • Nn

  • M2

Explanation

Question 53 of 61

1

Parasympathetic innervation to the lung can close which airways?

Select one of the following:

  • Bronchi

  • Trachea

  • Bronchioles

Explanation

Question 54 of 61

1

An increase of [H+] in the blood would result in...

Select one of the following:

  • increased ventilation

  • decreased ventilation

Explanation

Question 55 of 61

1

Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?

Select one or more of the following:

  • ventral surface of the medulla

  • carotid artery

  • aortic artery

Explanation

Question 56 of 61

1

If the peripheral chemoreceptors detect a reduced arterial PO2, it would result in

Select one of the following:

  • an increase in breathing

  • a decrease in breathing

  • no change in breathing

Explanation

Question 57 of 61

1

Which nuclei cause contraction of the accessory muscles during exercise?

Select one of the following:

  • dorsal respiratory group

  • ventral respiratory group

  • pontine nuclei

Explanation

Question 58 of 61

1

In a normal animal, which of the following drives ventilation?

Select one of the following:

  • CO2

  • pH

  • O2

Explanation

Question 59 of 61

1

What is the primary respiratory control center?

Select one of the following:

  • medulla oblongata

  • pons

  • midbrain

  • thalamus

Explanation

Question 60 of 61

1

The activation of which neural group would result in a decrease in tidal volume?

Select one of the following:

  • pneumotaxic center in the pons

  • apneustic center in the pons

  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla

  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla

Explanation

Question 61 of 61

1

The activation of which neural group would result in an increase in tidal volume?

Select one of the following:

  • pneumotaxic center in the pons

  • apneustic center in the pons

  • dorsal respiratory group in the medulla

  • ventral respiratory group in the medulla

Explanation

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