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Clinical Labs Exam- 3rd Year- PMU

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Clinical Labs Exam- 3rd Year- PMU

Clinical Labs Exam- 3rd Year- PMU

Question 1 of 69

1

The laboratory result is a function of many factors influencing the final value:

Select one of the following:

  • biological factors

  • pathological factors

  • factors in preanalytical stage

  • pathological, biological, preanalytical, analytical and post analytical factors

Explanation

Question 2 of 69

1

Which are the biological factors with permanent activity of the variation of the results:

Select one of the following:

  • sex, race

  • age

  • body construction

  • stress

Explanation

Question 3 of 69

1

Which of the following criteria are valid when to reject a spicimen as unacceptable for testing ?

Select one of the following:

  • Proper patient identification,storage and transport of samples to the laboratory

  • İmproper collection tube used, hemolyzed, lipemic,or icteric sample, blood clotted with anticoagulant, sample improperly transported

  • Carefully and strictly filled in examination form

  • Strict observation of procedures of venous puncture, urine colletion and collection of other biological samples

Explanation

Question 4 of 69

1

Mark the right answer for urine collection (diuresis)

Select one of the following:

  • collection after morning toilet

  • collection of the whole urine from the first to the last portion

  • the first portion is eliminated, the last is collected

  • urine collection till the vessel is full

Explanation

Question 5 of 69

1

Which of the following procedures is wrong?

Select one of the following:

  • conversation with the patient

  • selection of vein without hematoma and intravenous infusion

  • strangulation of the arm for a short time

  • tapping and massaging of the vein

Explanation

Question 6 of 69

1

Coagulation factors that obstruct the clot lyses are:

Select one of the following:

  • anti-fibrinolytic

  • profibrinolytics

  • procoagulants

  • anticoagulants

Explanation

Question 7 of 69

1

Which test can be used for control and treatment with direct anticoagulants
(heparin)

Select one of the following:

  • APTT

  • Fibrinogen

  • Platelets(PLT)

  • PT

Explanation

Question 8 of 69

1

Creatine kinase (CK) is:

Select one of the following:

  • transferase

  • kinase

  • oxydoreductase

  • hydrolase

Explanation

Question 9 of 69

1

Investigation of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) is informative for:

Select one of the following:

  • transportation of amino groupies between alpha amino and alpha keto acid

  • catalyze transport of macroenergy phosphates

  • catalyse conversion piruvate-lactate

  • hydrolyze phosphate esters

Explanation

Question 10 of 69

1

When in healthy individuals there is a higher activity of MM-CK:

Select one of the following:

  • children

  • physical activity

  • postprandial

  • after alcohol consumption

Explanation

Question 11 of 69

1

Which of the following hormones take part in the group of insulin antagonists:

Select one of the following:

  • adrenaline

  • progesterone

  • aldosterone

  • parathormone

Explanation

Question 12 of 69

1

Diabetes mellitus is due to:

Select one of the following:

  • decreased amount in insulin antagonists

  • renal loos of glucose

  • low or missing level of insulin in blood

  • decreased gastro-intestinal resorbtion of glucose

Explanation

Question 13 of 69

1

In which type of diabetes the two hours postprandial test has higher diagnostic sensitivity than the measurement of the glucose at fasting:

Select one of the following:

  • type I

  • type II

  • diabetes in progress

  • decompensated diabetes

Explanation

Question 14 of 69

1

Fructosamine is used as a test for blood glucose concentration for past period of:

Select one of the following:

  • 20 day

  • 8-10 weeks

  • 1 week

  • 6 months

Explanation

Question 15 of 69

1

''Dysproteinmia'' is used to indicate:

Select one of the following:

  • hyperproteinemia

  • disturbed ration of protein fraction in electrophoresis

  • euproteinemia

  • hypoproteinemia

Explanation

Question 16 of 69

1

Which of the following laboratory parameters has better diagnostic reliability in evaluation of renal function?

Select one of the following:

  • urea

  • uric acid

  • creatinine

  • total protein

Explanation

Question 17 of 69

1

What is the transferrin:

Select one of the following:

  • reserve iron

  • main form for iron storage

  • individual protein for iron transport

  • functional ıron

Explanation

Question 18 of 69

1

What do you expect to be the level of ıron and FIBC(free ıron binding capacity)
in malignant and infectious diseases:

Select one of the following:

  • low ıron,increased FIBC

  • decreased ıron, decreased FIBC

  • increased ıron, decreased FIBC

  • increased ıron, increased FIBC

Explanation

Question 19 of 69

1

In viral hepatitis what can you find in urine?

Select one of the following:

  • Bilirubin-positive, Urobilinogen-not increased

  • Bilirubin-negative, Urobilinogen-increased

  • Bilirubin-positive, urobilinogen-increased

Explanation

Question 20 of 69

1

The clinical reliability of laboratory results requires:

Select one of the following:

  • High clinical and analytical reliability

  • Variety of factors influencing the final value

  • Correct interpretation of laboratory parameters

  • Specific requirements for laboratory analysis

Explanation

Question 21 of 69

1

Blood with EDTA anticoagulant is used for the investigation of:

Select one of the following:

  • clinical-chemistry parameters

  • coagulation parameters

  • hematological parameters

  • heavy metals

Explanation

Question 22 of 69

1

Which of the following screening test shows the disturbance in extrinsic pathway of the first phase of coagulation:

Select one of the following:

  • PT

  • APTT

  • TT

  • Fibrinogen

Explanation

Question 23 of 69

1

İn what cases in healthy individuals the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is over 1000 U/I:

Select one of the following:

  • physical activity

  • postprandial

  • in stress

  • children

Explanation

Question 24 of 69

1

What kind of test is LDH and HBDH in the acute myocardial infarction?

Select one of the following:

  • early

  • earliest

  • late

  • retrograde

Explanation

Question 25 of 69

1

What is the effect of somatotropin hormone one the glucose blood level:

Select one of the following:

  • decrease the glucose blood level

  • increases the glucose blood level

  • have no effect on the glucose blood level

  • the effect depends on the age

Explanation

Question 26 of 69

1

In which organs there is glycogen synthesis

Select one of the following:

  • central nervous system

  • muscles

  • erythrocytes

  • pancreas

Explanation

Question 27 of 69

1

Which of the following values of the blood glucose are in the pathological range in the postprandial test:

Select one of the following:

  • <7.7 mmol/I

  • 7.78-9.99 mmol/I

  • >10.00 mmol/I

  • 2.78-5.55 mmol/I

Explanation

Question 28 of 69

1

In which of the following diseases fasting glucose amount is over upper reference value:

Select one of the following:

  • Malabsorbtion

  • Insulinoma

  • Diabetes mellitus

  • Addison's disease

Explanation

Question 29 of 69

1

In serum of the newborn there are :

Select one of the following:

  • IgA, IgM, IgG

  • IgM, IgG

  • IgA, IgM

  • IgA, IgG

Explanation

Question 30 of 69

1

Blood urea is final product of :

Select one of the following:

  • metabolism of purine bases

  • metabolism of amino acid

  • metabolism of carbohydrates

  • metabolism of lipids

Explanation

Question 31 of 69

1

The reliable laboratory result

Select one of the following:

  • Is a real evaluation of the actual value of the examined parameters in biological fluids and tissues and it presents useful information

  • Depend on the proper and timely collection

  • Is a function of a variety of factors

  • Is helpful for correct interpretation of laboratory parameters

Explanation

Question 32 of 69

1

Which of the following rules is not valid when a biological materials is taken

Select one of the following:

  • to be taken in the morning fasting,after 12 hours fasting diet and 24 hours pause without alcohol and physical and physical peace

  • to be taken in a seated position and the form to be filled carefully and strictly

  • to be observed the procedures for taking, keeping and transport of biological material

  • the method for this test to be selected correctly

Explanation

Question 33 of 69

1

Blood with sodium citrate is used for the the investigation of:

Select one of the following:

  • clinical-chemistry parameters

  • coagulation parameters

  • hematological parameters

  • heavy metals

Explanation

Question 34 of 69

1

For the qualitative investigation of urine is necessary:

Select one of the following:

  • first morning portion of urine, after toilet

  • diures for fixed time

  • to take the urine with catheter

  • to take the urine in fasting

Explanation

Question 35 of 69

1

Fibrinolysis is:

Select one of the following:

  • complicated, dynamic, self-regulating system

  • a process of coagulation

  • contraction of blood vessels with injury

  • a complex of processes which make possible lysis of the clot

Explanation

Question 36 of 69

1

What is the function of LDH enzyme:

Select one of the following:

  • transportation of amino groupies between alpha amino and alpha keto acid

  • catalyze transport of macroenergy phosphates

  • catalyse conversion pyruvate-lactate

  • hydrolyze phosphate esters

Explanation

Question 37 of 69

1

The CK activity must not investigated after:

Select one of the following:

  • Surgical intervention

  • Injection

  • Palpation of the glandulae prostate

  • X-ray

Explanation

Question 38 of 69

1

The lysis of the blood glucose is called:

Select one of the following:

  • ketonuria

  • glucosuria

  • gluconeogenesis

  • glycolysis

Explanation

Question 39 of 69

1

Which of the following methods is used for qualitative investigation of protein fractions:

Select one of the following:

  • immunoelectrophoresis

  • enzyme methods

  • electrophoresis

  • immunochemical methods

Explanation

Question 40 of 69

1

In hypertonic dehydration the values of Na and MCV must be as follows:

Select one of the following:

  • increased Na, decreased MCV

  • decreased Na, increased MCV

  • decreased Na, decreased MCV

  • increased Na, increased MCV

Explanation

Question 41 of 69

1

GGT is located in:

Select one of the following:

  • cell membrane

  • cytoplasm

  • mytochondrium

  • cytoplasm and mytochondrium

Explanation

Question 42 of 69

1

In which values of glucose-tolerance test is not disturbed:

Select one of the following:

  • at fasting, at 60 minutes, at 120 minutes are in the reference range

  • at fasting is in the reference range,at 60 minutes-in pathological range,at 120 minutes-boundary range

  • at 60 minutes and at 120 minutes >11.1 mmol/I

  • at 60 minutes <8.9 mmol/I,at 120 minutes <7.7 mmol/I

Explanation

Question 43 of 69

1

The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used as a test for blood glucose concentration for past period of

Select one of the following:

  • 20 days

  • 8-10 weeks

  • 1 week

  • 6 months

Explanation

Question 44 of 69

1

Which of the following clinical laboratory parameters is an early indicator of myocardial infarction

Select one of the following:

  • CK (creatine kinase)

  • MB-CK

  • Troponin

  • LDH, HBDH

Explanation

Question 45 of 69

1

Which laboratory parameters include the basic lipid profile?

Select one of the following:

  • Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol

  • Apolipoprotein A and Total Cholesterol

  • HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol

  • Total Protein and Albumin

Explanation

Question 46 of 69

1

What kind of biological materials do we use for clinical biochemistry analysis

Select one of the following:

  • EDTA plasma

  • Serum

  • Plasma with citrate

  • Plasma with Li heparin

Explanation

Question 47 of 69

1

Which is the biologically active form of Calcium in the blood circulation

Select one of the following:

  • Ionised Ca

  • Protein bound Ca

  • Ionised and protein bound Ca

  • Ceruloplasmin

Explanation

Question 48 of 69

1

What are the parameters included in the Complete blood count (CBC) test

Select one of the following:

  • RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC and ESR

  • RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC and Differential Count

  • RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, Ht, MCV, MCH, MCHC

  • ESR and Differential Count

Explanation

Question 49 of 69

1

What measure is the Differential count checking

Select one of the following:

  • distribution of WBC in %absolute count in peripheral blood

  • the maturation forms of WBC in %absolute count in peripheral blood

  • the morphology of RBC in peripheral blood

  • the distribution of WBC, RBC, PLT in %absolute count in peripheral blood

Explanation

Question 50 of 69

1

Microforms of the erythrocyte lineage are typical characteristics of

Select one of the following:

  • Megaloblastic anemia

  • Acute leukemia

  • Iron deficiency anemia

  • Chronic leukemia

Explanation

Question 51 of 69

1

Hemostasis is

Select one of the following:

  • Complicated, dynamic, self-regulating system

  • A process of coagulation

  • Contraction of blood vessels with injury

  • A complex of processes which make possible lysis of the clot

Explanation

Question 52 of 69

1

Which ONE of the following does NOT contribute to clot formation

Select one of the following:

  • Calcium

  • Thrombin

  • Tissue factor

  • Heparin

Explanation

Question 53 of 69

1

Which factors are involved in the extrinsic pathway?

Select one of the following:

  • Factors XII, XI, IX, VIII

  • Factors III, VII

  • Factors V, X, I, II, XIII

  • None of the above are correct

Explanation

Question 54 of 69

1

Which of the following values of the blood glucose are in the normal range in the postprandial test:

Select one of the following:

  • <7.7 mmol/l

  • 7.78-9.99 mmol/l

  • >10.00 mmol/l

  • 2.78-5.55 mmol/l

Explanation

Question 55 of 69

1

In serum during infection process the immunoglobulins increase in sequence as follows

Select one of the following:

  • IgA, IgM, IgG

  • IgM, IgA, IgG

  • IgG, IgA, IgM

  • IgA, IgG, IgM

Explanation

Question 56 of 69

1

Which are the more accurate laboratory markes of kidney function

Select one of the following:

  • Uremia

  • GFR and creatinine clearance

  • Uric acid

  • Ammonia

Explanation

Question 57 of 69

1

The recommended ranges desirable for Total Cholesterol (TC) are

Select one of the following:

  • Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol: 3.4 mmol/l or less

  • High density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol: 1.2 mmol/l or more

  • Total cholesterol (TC)- 5.2 mmol/l or less

  • TC/HDL ratio: 4.5 or less. This reflects the fact that for any given total cholesterol level, the more HDL, the better

Explanation

Question 58 of 69

1

Coagulation factors that initiate the clot formation are

Select one of the following:

  • antifibrinolytics

  • profibrinolytics

  • procoagulants

  • anticoagulants

Explanation

Question 59 of 69

1

Which ONE of the following about Hemophilia A is FALSE?

Select one of the following:

  • Haemophilia A is sex-linked

  • Haemophilia A is more common than Haemophilia B

  • Re-bleeding after 5 days from the injury is uncommon

  • Haemophilia A is caused by more than one genetic deficiency i.e. two individuals suffering from the disease may possess two different genetic mutations

  • The physician should always treat the patient even if bleeding is not physically detectable

Explanation

Question 60 of 69

1

Clots form to stop the "leakage" of blood from a damaged vessel. After the damaged vessel has healed, the clot is no longer needed and goes through a process of dissolution. Which of the following is involved in the dissolution of a clot?

Select one of the following:

  • Plasmin

  • Fibrinogen

  • Thrombin

Explanation

Question 61 of 69

1

Secondary hemostasis is also known as.

Select one of the following:

  • Enzyme release from endothelium

  • Coagulation of blood

  • Formation of platelet plug

  • Vascular spasm

Explanation

Question 62 of 69

1

Which Factors are involved in the intrinsic pathway?

Select one of the following:

  • Factors XII, XI, IX, VII

  • Factors lII, VII

  • Factors V, X, I, ll, XIII

  • None of the above is correct

Explanation

Question 63 of 69

1

The final phase of blood clotting is the interaction of with

Select one of the following:

  • VonWillebrand Factor, Factor VIII

  • Plasmin, Fibrin

  • Factor XIII, Fibrin

  • Thrombin, Fibrinogen

Explanation

Question 64 of 69

1

The fibrinolytic process is normally triggered by...

Select one of the following:

  • Fibrin

  • Plasmin

  • Endothelial cells

  • Thrombaxane

Explanation

Question 65 of 69

1

An excess of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor l (PAI-l) would likely result in

Select one of the following:

  • Excessive bleeding

  • Excessive thrombus formation

  • Excessive vasodilation

  • All the above

Explanation

Question 66 of 69

1

To examine the extrinsic pathway, which labs would be most helpful?

Select one of the following:

  • PT, INR

  • Bleeding Time

  • aPTT

  • TT

Explanation

Question 67 of 69

1

Which of the following labs assesses the fibrinolytic system?

Select one of the following:

  • aPTT

  • TT

  • D-Dimers

  • PT, INR

Explanation

Question 68 of 69

1

To measure to conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, what lab would you use?

Select one of the following:

  • PT, INR

  • TT

  • aPTT

  • D-Dimers

Explanation

Question 69 of 69

1

Differential Blood Count contains information about following white blood cell types:

Select one of the following:

  • Segmented Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Plasmocytes, Basophils

  • Segmented Neutrophils, Monocytes, Erys

  • Neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils

  • Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Plasmocytes, Basophils, Erys. etc.

Explanation

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