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HPS775 (Week 05: Development of the nervous system) Quiz on W5: Development of the nervous system, created by wadey on 10/10/2014.

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W5: Development of the nervous system

Question 1 of 40

1

Proliferation is the production of new cells

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 2 of 40

1

Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 3 of 40

1

Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 4 of 40

1

The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their target locations

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 5 of 40

1

Nerve growth factor is a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 6 of 40

1

Exercise may account for some of the neural benefits that come from rearing rats in an enriched environment

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 7 of 40

1

Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 8 of 40

1

Paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is usually only temporary in humans

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 9 of 40

1

Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from the stump of the amputated limb

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 10 of 40

1

Proliferation is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Formation of dendrites and an axon

  • Movement of primitive neurons and glia

  • Insulation process that occurs on some axons

  • Production of new cells

Explanation

Question 11 of 40

1

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form

Select one of the following:

  • Nuclei

  • Axons

  • Ganglions

  • Dendrites

Explanation

Question 12 of 40

1

In humans, myelination first occurs in the:

Select one of the following:

  • Midbrain

  • Hindbrain

  • Forebrain

  • Spinal cord

Explanation

Question 13 of 40

1

When Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye by 180 degrees, each axon:

Select one of the following:

  • Regenerated to the area where it had originally been

  • Regenerated to a random location

  • Regenerated, but to the area appropriate to its new location

  • Degenerated

Explanation

Question 14 of 40

1

Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area:

Select one of the following:

  • Through necrosis

  • Through apoptosis

  • Based on their size

  • By following a gradient of chemicals

Explanation

Question 15 of 40

1

Competition of neurons for postsynaptic sites results in survival of only the most successful axons. The general principle is called:

Select one of the following:

  • Apoptosis

  • Evolution

  • Neural Darwinism

  • Natural selection

Explanation

Question 16 of 40

1

_____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction

Select one of the following:

  • Glia

  • Immunoglobulin

  • Neurotrophins

  • Chemokines

Explanation

Question 17 of 40

1

The function of neurotrophins is to:

Select one of the following:

  • Be used as fuel

  • Promote survival of axons

  • Signal that an axon has been "rejected"

  • Inhibit proliferation

Explanation

Question 18 of 40

1

In infants, anaesthetic drugs can increase:

Select one of the following:

  • Myelination

  • Migration

  • Apoptosis

  • Proliferation

Explanation

Question 19 of 40

1

What brain abnormalities are found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?

Select one of the following:

  • Lack of dopamine receptors

  • Short dendrites with few branches

  • Smaller than normal ventricles

  • Short axons with few branches

Explanation

Question 20 of 40

1

Children of mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy:

Select one of the following:

  • Have slightly lower IQ scores

  • Are likely to develop Turner's syndrome

  • Are born with severe abnormalities resembling cerebral palsy

  • Have a slightly higher birth weight

Explanation

Question 21 of 40

1

Which of the following seem to be particularly important for branching neurons during brain development?

Select one of the following:

  • Having good teachers

  • Playing logic games

  • Having a sterile environment

  • Physical activity

Explanation

Question 22 of 40

1

Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?

Select one of the following:

  • Haemorrhage of an artery

  • Ischemia from an obstruction of an artery

  • Blow to the head

  • Lack of glucose

Explanation

Question 23 of 40

1

Ischaemia is to _____as haemorrhage is to _____

Select one of the following:

  • Obstruction; rupture

  • Proximal; distal

  • Barely noticeable; lethal

  • Older individuals; younger individuals

Explanation

Question 24 of 40

1

Which of the following treatments would be most likely to help a patient starting several days after a stroke?

Select one of the following:

  • Extensive bed rest

  • Administering tranquillisers

  • Giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy

  • Injecting a drug to block dopamine

Explanation

Question 25 of 40

1

What is the term for the new branches that may form in uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?

Select one of the following:

  • Denervation supersensitivity

  • Bifurcations

  • Diaschisis

  • Collateral sprouts

Explanation

Question 26 of 40

1

_____ helps compensate for decreased axon input

Select one of the following:

  • Enervation supersensitivity

  • Disuse supersensitivity

  • Denervation supersensitivity

  • Axon supersensitivity

Explanation

Question 27 of 40

1

A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called:

Select one of the following:

  • Neuralgia

  • Ghost limb

  • Tingling limb

  • Phantom limb

Explanation

Question 28 of 40

1

Sensations from phantom limbs:

Select one of the following:

  • Do not have a neural basis

  • Are a result of brain reorganisation

  • Can be diminished if more of the limb is removed surgically

  • Come from the stump of the amputated limb

Explanation

Question 29 of 40

1

The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the:

Select one of the following:

  • Forebrain

  • Midbrain

  • Spinal cord

  • Ventricular system

Explanation

Question 30 of 40

1

Stem cells are important for which of the following developmental processes?

Select one of the following:

  • Migration

  • Proliferation

  • Myelination

  • Synaptogenesis

Explanation

Question 31 of 40

1

What term describes the movement of primitive neurons and glia within the developing nervous system?

Select one of the following:

  • Differentiation

  • Migration

  • Myelination

  • Proliferation

Explanation

Question 32 of 40

1

After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form.

Select one of the following:

  • Dendrites

  • Axons

  • Nuclei

  • Ganglions

Explanation

Question 33 of 40

1

The formation of new synapses is called:

Select one of the following:

  • Synaptogenesis

  • Differentiation

  • Migration

  • Fusion

Explanation

Question 34 of 40

1

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia are called:

Select one of the following:

  • Parallel fibres

  • Intrinsic cells

  • Stem cells

  • Glomeruli

Explanation

Question 35 of 40

1

Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area

Select one of the following:

  • By following a gradient of chemicals

  • Through apoptosis

  • Through necrosis

  • Based on their size

Explanation

Question 36 of 40

1

Apoptosis:

Select one of the following:

  • Is a programmed mechanism of cell death

  • Promotes the survival and growth of the axon

  • Promotes the survival and growth of dendrites

  • Promotes the activity of neurons

Explanation

Question 37 of 40

1

Massive cell death in the brain during prenatal development is:

Select one of the following:

  • An indication of a genetic abnormality

  • An indication of restricted blood flow to the foetus

  • Usually due to an autoimmune disorder

  • Normal

Explanation

Question 38 of 40

1

In development, neurotrophins _____. During adulthood, they _____.

Select one of the following:

  • Preserve neurons; produce apoptosis

  • Produce apoptosis; increase neural branching

  • Facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration

  • Preserve neurons; increase neural branching

Explanation

Question 39 of 40

1

In what order are the five distinct stages in the development of the brain

Select one of the following:

  • Migration, differentiation, proliferation, synaptogenesis

  • Proliferation, differentiation, migration, myelination, synaptogenesis

  • Proliferation, migration, differentiation, myelination, synaptogenesis

  • Proliferation, myelination, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis

Explanation

Question 40 of 40

1

Certain axons innervating a given neuron are damaged. What compensatory change is possible?

Select one of the following:

  • a. Denervation supersensitivity

  • b. Collateral sprouting

  • c. Axonal regrowth

  • d. All of the above

Explanation

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