Natalie Stake-Mitchell
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Geography Quiz on Geography Midterm, created by Natalie Stake-Mitchell on 09/09/2018.

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Natalie Stake-Mitchell
Created by Natalie Stake-Mitchell almost 6 years ago
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Geography Midterm

Geography Midterm

Question 1 of 126

1

The average length of time that individual molecules of a given substance remain in the atmosphere is called the:

Select one of the following:

  • residence time

  • steady state

  • thermocline

  • travel time

Explanation

Question 2 of 126

1

Methane:

Select one of the following:

  • is a permanent gas

  • is a good reflector of thermal radiation

  • is removed from the atmosphere by the digestive processes of cattle

  • has increased in concentration over the last 50 or so years

Explanation

Question 3 of 126

1

The aurora borealis:

Select one of the following:

  • is a different type of physical phenomenon than the aurora australis

  • gains its energy from sunlight reflected from Earth

  • is typically strongest near the equator

  • emits light as electrons move from higher orbits around the nucleus to lower ones

Explanation

Question 4 of 126

1

Relatively speaking, the earth's atmosphere is:

Select one of the following:

  • very thick when compared to the earth's diameter

  • very thin when compared to the earth's diameter

  • stops at the top of the troposphere

  • stops when we reach "space"

Explanation

Question 5 of 126

1

The maximum concentrations of ozone are found in the:

Select one of the following:

  • troposphere

  • mesosphere

  • ionosphere

  • stratosphere

Explanation

Question 6 of 126

1

Which of the following will increase given an increase in pressure?

Select one of the following:

  • mass

  • density

  • volume

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 7 of 126

1

The atmosphere is a mixture of:

Select one of the following:

  • precipitation and air

  • particulate matter and water

  • gas molecules, small particulates, and moisture

  • moisture and gas molecules only

Explanation

Question 8 of 126

1

The D-layer of the ionosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • has most of its electrons combines with positively charges ions at night

  • lies above the E-layer

  • is transparent to AM radio waves

  • has no significant effect on AM radio waves

Explanation

Question 9 of 126

1

The four layers of the atmosphere from the top down are:

Select one of the following:

  • troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere

  • thermosphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, troposphere

  • stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, troposphere

  • thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, troposphere

Explanation

Question 10 of 126

1

The thermosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • has a low heat content

  • would feel very hot to an austronaut

  • is characterized by a decrease in temperature as height increases

  • is part of the homosphere

Explanation

Question 11 of 126

1

Aerosols:

Select one of the following:

  • include cloud droplets

  • have little effect on weather

  • are formed by physical processes, not chemical processes

  • can be either solid or liquid

Explanation

Question 12 of 126

1

the troposphere:

Select one of the following:

  • has height that is relatively consistent at about ten kilometers

  • stays about the same temperate above three kilometers

  • contains a bit less than half the atmosphere's mass

  • is characterized in part by vertical mixing of air

Explanation

Question 13 of 126

1

The "stratosphere" warms because of:

Select one of the following:

  • dust and dirt deposited by volcanoes

  • the interaction of ozone and ultraviolet light

  • the interjection of moisture by meteors

  • the interjection of moisture by high-flying jet aircraft

Explanation

Question 14 of 126

1

The atmosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • has vertical wind speeds that are typically around one-tenth that of horizontal wind speeds

  • is about as deep as the planet is wide

  • is more than 99 percent contained within the first 60 miles from the earth's surface

  • has not changed substantially in composition since the earth formed over four billion years ago

Explanation

Question 15 of 126

1

What do you notice concerning the percentage of permanent gasses throughout the atmosphere (all levels)?

Select one of the following:

  • it varies significantly from the surface up

  • it varies significantly only at the troposphere

  • it is the same throughout the atmosphere from the surface up

  • it varies only in the mesosphere

Explanation

Question 16 of 126

1

Carbon dioxide:

Select one of the following:

  • comprises up to two percent of the atmospheric gases

  • is being removed from the atmosphere faster than it is being inputted

  • is removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis

  • is not present in significant amounts in the atmosphere of Venus

Explanation

Question 17 of 126

1

The stratosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • is part of the heterosphere

  • has a low moisture content compared to the troposphere

  • typically gets colder as elevation increases

  • is where much of Earth's weather occurs

Explanation

Question 18 of 126

1

The troposphere:

Select one of the following:

  • is thinnest at the tropics

  • maintains a relatively constant temperature

  • is thicker in summer

  • often disappears near the poles in winter

Explanation

Question 19 of 126

1

At a height of 10 miles, what is the density of the atmosphere when compared to sea level?

Select one of the following:

  • 1%

  • 10%

  • 50%

  • 90%

Explanation

Question 20 of 126

1

The evolution to an oxygen-rich atmosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • was heavily dependent upon aerobic bacteria

  • would have occurred even if carbon dioxide had not been present

  • occurred at the same time the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide were decreasing

  • required large amounts of atmospheric nitrogen

Explanation

Question 21 of 126

1

This is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere

Select one of the following:

  • nitrogen

  • oxygen

  • carbon dioxide

  • water vapor

Explanation

Question 22 of 126

1

The heterosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • lies below the homosphere

  • contains primarily heavy gases

  • is populated primarily by variable gases

  • is names for its chemical homogeneity

Explanation

Question 23 of 126

1

The recent alternative explanation for the disappearance of Earth's early atmosphere sees this as the primary causative agent:

Select one of the following:

  • volcanic outgassing

  • collisions of Earth with other large bodies

  • periodic energy pulses from the surface of the Sun

  • gravitational attraction of the Moon

Explanation

Question 24 of 126

1

Which of the following gases is crucial to the existence of all forms of life?

Select one of the following:

  • nitrogen

  • oxygen

  • carbon dioxide

  • argon

Explanation

Question 25 of 126

1

The ozone layer:

Select one of the following:

  • is in the troposphere

  • is composed of nearly half ozone

  • absorbs ultraviolet energy

  • radiates gamma rays toward Earth

Explanation

Question 26 of 126

1

The increase in carbon dioxide concentration since the 1950s is NOT the result of which of the following:

Select one of the following:

  • an increase in the burning dirty fossil fuels like coal

  • an increase in the burning of cleaner fossil fuels like natural gas

  • deforestation of large tracts of woodland

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 27 of 126

1

The most costly average annual weather event is:

Select one of the following:

  • tornadoes

  • hurricanes

  • extreme hot or cold episodes

  • floods

Explanation

Question 28 of 126

1

The atmosphere is held in place by:

Select one of the following:

  • an invisible force of ion attraction

  • gravity

  • the hydrostatic balance of water vapor and carbon dioxide

  • compression of the ionosphere by the solar wind

Explanation

Question 29 of 126

1

The Martian atmosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • is not capable of producing clouds of water vapor

  • recaptures nearly all the heat radiated from the planet's surface

  • consists primarily of carbon dioxide

  • is nearly as dense as that of Earth

Explanation

Question 30 of 126

1

Volcanic outgassing:

Select one of the following:

  • created the earth's first atmosphere

  • has had little effect on the earth's atmosphere

  • emits large amounts of water vapor

  • emits very little carbon dioxide

Explanation

Question 31 of 126

1

The Northern Hemisphere has its maximum tilt toward the Sun on the:

Select one of the following:

  • December solstice

  • March equinox

  • September equinox

  • June solstice

Explanation

Question 32 of 126

1

According to Wien's law:

Select one of the following:

  • the wavelength of peak radiation is proportional to temperature

  • the Sun's energy intensity peaks in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum

  • the radiation emitted from Earth must be 4 micrometers or longer

  • wavelength is proportional to the fourth power of the intensity of radiation

Explanation

Question 33 of 126

1

Choose the correct listing of radiation from the longest wavelengths to the shortest wavelengths:

Select one of the following:

  • radio, gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, x-rays

  • gamma rays, radio, ultraviolet, infrared, visible, x-rays

  • x-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, gamma rays, visible, radio

  • radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays

Explanation

Question 34 of 126

1

The solar angle:

Select one of the following:

  • is the same at the Arctic Circle and at the equator on the solstices

  • affects the degree of beam spreading

  • is lowest in the Northern Hemisphere during its winter

  • is lowest at the North Pole during its summer

Explanation

Question 35 of 126

1

An electron orbiting a hydrogen atom:

Select one of the following:

  • is restricted to a single energy state

  • cannot be removed from that atom unless that atom combines with another hydrogen atom to form a hydrogen molecule

  • has greater energy when it is further away from the nucleus

  • can absorb and emit photons of nearly any wavelength

Explanation

Question 36 of 126

1

Incoming solar radiation is often referred to as:

Select one of the following:

  • conduction

  • diffused radiation

  • insolation

  • albedo

Explanation

Question 37 of 126

1

Energy is traditionally defined as the ability to:

Select one of the following:

  • do work

  • create movement

  • cause acceleration

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 38 of 126

1

The peak of the Earth's emission is ______, while the sun's peak is .5 microns

Select one of the following:

  • .1 microns

  • 1 micron

  • 10 microns

  • 100 microns

Explanation

Question 39 of 126

1

The Earth is actually the farthest from the sun on:

Select one of the following:

  • January 3rd

  • April 1st

  • July 4th

  • December 25th

Explanation

Question 40 of 126

1

Electromagnetic radiation is the energy for

Select one of the following:

  • the movement of the atmosphere

  • the growth of plants

  • the evaporation of water

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 41 of 126

1

At which point during the year can we have 24 hours of daylight and 1 day of 24 of darkness in the northern hemisphere?

Select one of the following:

  • Arctic CIrcle

  • North Pole

  • Antarctic Circle

  • Tropic of Capricorn

Explanation

Question 42 of 126

1

The solar constant:

Select one of the following:

  • is the same throughout the solar system

  • varies inversely with the fourth power of an object's distance from the Sun's surfare

  • is independent of the Stefan-Boltzmann law

  • is higher for Earth than for Mars

Explanation

Question 43 of 126

1

On the June solstice:

Select one of the following:

  • the solar declination is 23.5 degrees North

  • the Southern Hemisphere overall receives more energy than does the Northern Hemisphere

  • the South Pole experiences 24 hours of daylight

  • the subsolar point is on the Tropic of Capricorn

Explanation

Question 44 of 126

1

The Stefan-Boltzmann law:

Select one of the following:

  • gives energy intensities in watts per square meter

  • demonstrates that a cooler body will radiate with greater intensity than will a hotter body

  • does not apply to black bodies

  • is derived from Wien's law

Explanation

Question 45 of 126

1

The Stefan-Boltzmann Law gives the relationship between:

Select one of the following:

  • solar energy and temperature

  • temperature and long-wave radiation

  • the intensity of radiation and the temperature of an object

  • emissivity and wavelength

Explanation

Question 46 of 126

1

Which of the following has the longest wavelength?

Select one of the following:

  • Thermal infrared

  • radio

  • gamma

  • ultraviolet

Explanation

Question 47 of 126

1

The single factor that determines how much energy a blackbody radiates is its:

Select one of the following:

  • size

  • distance

  • diameter

  • temperature

Explanation

Question 48 of 126

1

All of the following about equinoxes is true, except:

Select one of the following:

  • the solar declination is zero degrees

  • both hemispheres receive the same amount of insolation

  • every place has 12 hours of daylight

  • the solar angle at the North Pole is 90 degrees

Explanation

Question 49 of 126

1

Black bodies:

Select one of the following:

  • can only approximate the Stefan-Boltzmann law

  • are hypothetical, they don't actually exist

  • emit the same amount of energy regardless of their temperatures

  • do not emit radiation as well as gray bodies do

Explanation

Question 50 of 126

1

Energy created by the sun travels from the surface of the solar:

Select one of the following:

  • core

  • corona

  • photosphere

  • chronosphere

Explanation

Question 51 of 126

1

In the innermost portion of the Sun, the core, extremely high temperatures and high densities lead to the energy-creating process of:

Select one of the following:

  • nuclear fission

  • nuclear fusion

  • the big bang

  • nuclear differentiation

Explanation

Question 52 of 126

1

Convection:

Select one of the following:

  • does not involve an actual transfer of energy

  • involves potential energy only

  • involves mixing in a fluid

  • is another term for conduction

Explanation

Question 53 of 126

1

This is a form of potential energy:

Select one of the following:

  • electromagnetic radiation

  • boiling water

  • food

  • a water wheel in motion

Explanation

Question 54 of 126

1

Temperatures within these feature can reach 100 million degrees Kelvin:

Select one of the following:

  • granules

  • flares

  • sunspots

  • the solar wind

Explanation

Question 55 of 126

1

This method of energy transfer does not involve the net movement of particles or waves in the direction of energy transfer:

Select one of the following:

  • conduction

  • convection

  • radiation

  • all three of the above involve the movement of particle

Explanation

Question 56 of 126

1

The standard unit of energy in the International System(SI) used in scientific applications is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Watt

  • ampere

  • joule

  • ohm

Explanation

Question 57 of 126

1

Energy:

Select one of the following:

  • occurs at only one scale

  • occurs at more than one scale

  • occurs only at scales that are very small

  • occurs only at scales that are very large

Explanation

Question 58 of 126

1

The earth's axis of rotation is tilted roughly this number of degrees away from a line perpendicular to the plane of the earth's orbit

Select one of the following:

  • 5.3

  • 11.2

  • 23.5

  • 90

Explanation

Question 59 of 126

1

Power is:

Select one of the following:

  • the same as energy

  • the rate at which energy is released

  • measured in joules

  • the ability to do work

Explanation

Question 60 of 126

1

Energy transfer processes include:

Select one of the following:

  • only those processes that can be seen

  • energy that is transferred at the molecular level only

  • conduction, convection, and radiation

  • only the energy interaction between the earth and the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 61 of 126

1

Sunsets are red for all of the following reasons except

Select one of the following:

  • red light has more energy than blue light

  • mie scattering

  • rayleigh scattering

  • light has to travel through more atmosphere to reach the observer

Explanation

Question 62 of 126

1

The earth-atmosphere thermal equilibrium temperature is maintained because:

Select one of the following:

  • energy radiated equals energy absorbed

  • the polar ice caps are melting in order to maintain ocean temperatures

  • global warming is driving the earth-atmosphere system closer to a pure blackbody

  • of the movement of latent heat from north to south across the equator

  • none of the above

Explanation

Question 63 of 126

1

Temperatures at any point on the face of the earth are influenced by:

Select one of the following:

  • latitude

  • altitude

  • proximity to water

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 64 of 126

1

A "greenhouse" works because:

Select one of the following:

  • of the difference in the solar constant

  • short wave lengths of energy pass through the glass but longer ones can't

  • the windows of the greenhouse only allow green light wavelengths to pass through

  • all greenhouses face south and into the maximum angle of solar energy

Explanation

Question 65 of 126

1

The reason that the daily maximum temperature is after the maximum solar heating is because:

Select one of the following:

  • the Sun has more energy when shining from the west

  • the atmosphere is "thinner" in the afternoon

  • there is a thermal "lag" in the heating of the atmosphere

  • None of the above. There is no relationship between the maximum amount of sunshine and the time of maximum daily temperature

Explanation

Question 66 of 126

1

The atmosphere is a(n):

Select one of the following:

  • selective absorber

  • blackbody absorber

  • inferior absorber of x-rays

  • absorber of all radiation equally

Explanation

Question 67 of 126

1

The process by which solar energy interacts with the atmosphere is:

Select one of the following:

  • scattering

  • absorption

  • reflection

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 68 of 126

1

Looking at global temperature distributions, it is seen that:

Select one of the following:

  • temperatures over land are colder than those over water at the same latitude in winter

  • temperatures increase poleward

  • the latitudinal temperature gradient is weakest in the hemisphere experiencing winter

  • it is difficult to explain the behavior of isotherms over the continents

Explanation

Question 69 of 126

1

This works primarily on shorter-wavelength radiation:

Select one of the following:

  • Rayleigh scattering

  • mie scattering

  • nonselective scattering

  • infrared absorption

Explanation

Question 70 of 126

1

Compared to land, water bodies:

Select one of the following:

  • are more greatly influences by continentality

  • have a lower specific heat

  • warm more quickly

  • cool more slowly

Explanation

Question 71 of 126

1

Sweating cools people because:

Select one of the following:

  • it releases latent heat

  • it changes the heat capacity of the body

  • colder molecules in a passing wind adhere to the wet skin

  • it involves a transfer of sensible heat

Explanation

Question 72 of 126

1

The scattered energy that reaches the earth's surface is called:

Select one of the following:

  • direct radiation

  • diffused radiation

  • albedo

  • ultraviolet light

Explanation

Question 73 of 126

1

Insolation reaching the surface of the earth:

Select one of the following:

  • is absorbed by the earth

  • represents about 50 percent of the amount that was at the top of the atmosphere

  • is unaffected by earth's albedo

  • has not yet been affected by backscattering

Explanation

Question 74 of 126

1

A clear, dry atmosphere might transmit what percentage of the incoming solar radiation as direct beam radiation without scattering or absorption?

Select one of the following:

  • 20%

  • 50%

  • 80%

  • 100%

Explanation

Question 75 of 126

1

Regarding latitudinal variations in radiation gain and loss, it is true that:

Select one of the following:

  • during the Northern Hemisphere summer, the Southern Hemisphere gains more energy than it loses

  • during the Southern Hemisphere winter, the area of net radiation gain lies north of the equator

  • global winds are the only significant method for redistributing heat toward the poles

  • the equator experiences a net radiation loss for six months out of the year

Explanation

Question 76 of 126

1

Density = mass/volume, what type of scale is this?

Select one of the following:

  • ratio scale

  • ordinal scale

  • nominal scale

  • interval scale

Explanation

Question 77 of 126

1

Scattering by clouds is sometimes called:

Select one of the following:

  • rayleigh

  • mie

  • convection

  • non-selective

Explanation

Question 78 of 126

1

Forced convection:

Select one of the following:

  • is a form of laminar flow

  • results from vertical temperature differentials

  • occurs when a fluid breaks into eddies

  • is a major cause of upper-level aircraft turbulence

Explanation

Question 79 of 126

1

The radiation emitted by earth:

Select one of the following:

  • is primarily absorbed by the atmosphere

  • is in the form of radio waves

  • has little effect on the earth's energy budget

  • had its origin in radioactive elements in the earth's interior

Explanation

Question 80 of 126

1

The sky is black on the Moon because:

Select one of the following:

  • space reflects all wavelengths of radiation equally

  • the Moon contains neither oceans nor vegetation

  • the Moon does not have sufficient gravity to attract visible light

  • The Moon has no atmosphere

Explanation

Question 81 of 126

1

Ocean currents are generated by:

Select one of the following:

  • the rotation of the earth

  • the gravitational attraction of the Moon

  • the gravitational attraction of the continents

  • the drag of wind blowing across the water's surface

Explanation

Question 82 of 126

1

On average, the atmosphere absorbs roughly this percentage of the solar radiation that reaches the top of the atmosphere

Select one of the following:

  • 5%

  • 14%

  • 25%

  • 50%

Explanation

Question 83 of 126

1

In the Southern Hemisphere, south-facing slopes:

Select one of the following:

  • are more likely to have more vegetation

  • receive more solar radiation than do north-facing slopes

  • will typically look the same as north-facing slopes, except near the equator

  • are most lush in subtropical regions

Explanation

Question 84 of 126

1

Absorption:

Select one of the following:

  • is performed quite well by the atmosphere for visible wavelengths

  • is done to differing degrees by different gases

  • does not prevent most ultraviolet light from reaching earth's surface

  • is typically greater in desert areas than in humid areas

Explanation

Question 85 of 126

1

Latent heat:

Select one of the following:

  • has only small effect on the atmosphere

  • is the same for all substances undergoing the same phase change

  • is more important for the atmosphere when released through evaporation rather than through melting

  • is the amount of heat needed to raise on kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius

Explanation

Question 86 of 126

1

The laminar boundary layer is important to which of the following processes?

Select one of the following:

  • radiation

  • transmisison

  • conduction

Explanation

Question 87 of 126

1

On which of these dates would the earth have the most energy available?

Select one of the following:

  • perihelion

  • summer sosltice

  • aphelion

  • vernal equinox

Explanation

Question 88 of 126

1

A greenhouse:

Select one of the following:

  • is impermeable to shortwave radiation

  • blocks the transfer of longwave radiation

  • allows the loss of sensible heat

  • allows the loss of latent heat

Explanation

Question 89 of 126

1

Latent heat:

Select one of the following:

  • is moved via advection from place to place on the earth

  • serves as a way of moving energy from place to place without disturbing areas in between

  • provides the fuel for literally all mid-latitude storms

  • can be traces to the hydrological cycle

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 90 of 126

1

The atmospheric window:

Select one of the following:

  • is caused by the absence of certain gasses

  • is a local phenomenon similar to the ozone hole that opens over Antarctica in winter

  • is located at a band of wavelengths between 2 and 6 micrometers

  • allows certain wavelengths of longwave radiation to pass through the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 91 of 126

1

Wind systems are generated by:

Select one of the following:

  • different pressures in different places

  • the drag on the atmosphere caused by the earth's rotation

  • the interaction of the atmosphere with the charged particles of the solar wind

  • the movements of ocean currents

Explanation

Question 92 of 126

1

This was probably the predominant gas in Earth's earliest atmosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • argon

  • hydrogen

  • water vapor

  • nitrogen

Explanation

Question 93 of 126

1

Ozone:

Select one of the following:

  • absorbs ultraviolet light

  • typically reaches its greatest concentrations near the ground and near major cities

  • is very difficult to split into diatomic oxygen and monatomic oxygen

  • exists primarily in the troposphere

Explanation

Question 94 of 126

1

The percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (by hemisphere) varies by season because:

Select one of the following:

  • plants grow in the warm season and not in the cold season

  • more residential heating is required during the cold season

  • less pliant decay takes place during the cold season

  • all of the above

Explanation

Question 95 of 126

1

The temperature is lowest here:

Select one of the following:

  • mesopause

  • stratopause

  • tropopause

  • stratosphere

Explanation

Question 96 of 126

1

Respiration:

Select one of the following:

  • occurs only when the Sun is shining

  • releases oxygen into the air

  • must give off less carbon than is fixed through photosynthesis if a plant is to experience net growth

  • does not affect the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 97 of 126

1

Atmospheric gas:

Select one of the following:

  • will, for a given amount of gas, experience an increase in pressure if the volume of the gas is decreased

  • undergoes abrupt pressure changes as height above the surface of the earth increases

  • has a smaller mean free path at higher elevations than at lower elevations

  • has no significant effect on sports events played at different elevations

Explanation

Question 98 of 126

1

The "ionosphere" is so designated because:

Select one of the following:

  • satellites have a difficult time flying through it

  • visible sunlight is deflected by it

  • of the electrical charges of atoms associated with it

  • no radio waves can pass through it

Explanation

Question 99 of 126

1

The most destructive tornadoes are rated as a:

Select one of the following:

  • F1

  • F2

  • F4

  • F5

Explanation

Question 100 of 126

1

Aerosols are typically removed from the atmosphere by:

Select one of the following:

  • falling precipitation

  • settling to the ground due to the influence of gravity

  • chemical decomposition

  • traveling higher and higher above the earth until they escape into space

Explanation

Question 101 of 126

1

This is NOT a variable gas:

Select one of the following:

  • water vapor

  • argon

  • ozone

  • carbon dioxide

Explanation

Question 102 of 126

1

The Sun's chronosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • lies above the corona

  • lies below the Sun's atmosphere

  • cannot be viewed by Earth-based observers

  • affects the earth's ionosphere

Explanation

Question 103 of 126

1

The Sun's photosphere:

Select one of the following:

  • receives the energy from the Sun's core in a matter of minutes

  • radiates much of the energy the earth receives

  • decreases in density closer to the Sun's core

  • lies above the chronosphere

Explanation

Question 104 of 126

1

Sunspot activity:

Select one of the following:

  • typically varies in number on a roughly eleven-year cycle

  • was first observed in the late nineteenth century

  • typically has the same number of sunspots per year

  • has been conclusively linked to climate changes

Explanation

Question 105 of 126

1

Sunspots are associated with the solar:

Select one of the following:

  • core

  • corona

  • photosphere

  • chronosphere

Explanation

Question 106 of 126

1

All of the following are true statements about electromagnetic radiation, except:

Select one of the following:

  • it moves at the speed of light

  • it is often measured in micrometers

  • its energy is inversely proportional to its amplitude

  • its energy does not decrease with distance

Explanation

Question 107 of 126

1

The single factor that determines how much energy a blackbody radiates is its:

Select one of the following:

  • temperature

  • mass

  • volume

  • density

Explanation

Question 108 of 126

1

Sunspot numbers were lowest in this century

Select one of the following:

  • 17th

  • 18th

  • 19th

  • 20th

Explanation

Question 109 of 126

1

If object A is at 400K, and object B is at 800 K, then the radiation intensity of object A will be this amount of that the radiation intensity of object B:

Select one of the following:

  • 1/2

  • 1/4

  • 1/8

  • 1/16

Explanation

Question 110 of 126

1

Sunspots:

Select one of the following:

  • are caused by locally intense magnetic fields

  • appear in the chronosphere

  • are warmer than the material surrounding them

  • tend to be less than 100 miles in diameter

Explanation

Question 111 of 126

1

This is a form of kinetic energy:

Select one of the following:

  • a charged battery not in use

  • firewood

  • water behind a dam

  • electrical power

Explanation

Question 112 of 126

1

The warmest period of the day:

Select one of the following:

  • typically occurs at noon

  • occurs when incoming radiative energy is exactly balances by outgoing radiative energy

  • occurs during the time of maximum insolation

  • occurs when the surface energy budget is running a surplus

Explanation

Question 113 of 126

1

Net radiation is:

Select one of the following:

  • radiation that is left over after a solar flar

  • defined as the difference between absorbed and emitted radiation

  • the solar energy that exceeds the solar constant

  • the sole cause of global warming

Explanation

Question 114 of 126

1

Near-infrared radiation represents what proportion of the total energy emitted by the sea?

Select one of the following:

  • 1/10

  • 1/4

  • 1/2

  • 3/4

Explanation

Question 115 of 126

1

The planetary albedo of the earth is:

Select one of the following:

  • 7%

  • 15%

  • 30%

  • 50%

Explanation

Question 116 of 126

1

Convection:

Select one of the following:

  • is less important to making up the atmosphere's radiative energy deficit than is conduction

  • typically transfers heat downward during the day

  • plays no significant role at night

  • helps circulate heat throughout the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 117 of 126

1

The percentage of visible light reflected by an object or substance is called its:

Select one of the following:

  • albedo

  • emission

  • absorption

  • secondary reflectance

Explanation

Question 118 of 126

1

Greenhouse gases:

Select one of the following:

  • keep the earth at a comfortable temperature

  • did not exist in significant concentrations until the coming of the Industrial Age

  • are good absorbers of shortwave radiation

  • cause the earth to have much wider swings in daily temperature ranges than if the gases were not present

Explanation

Question 119 of 126

1

Measuring Earth's equilibrium temperature without an atmosphere

Select one of the following:

  • is easily done using Wien's law

  • is best done assuming the earth is a flat disk

  • is complicated by uncertainty over the value of the earth's albedo

  • can be done only by assuming the earth does not approximate a black body

Explanation

Question 120 of 126

1

Which of the following is NOT a warm current?

Select one of the following:

  • North Equatorial current

  • South Equatorial current

  • Gulf Stream

  • Falkland current

Explanation

Question 121 of 126

1

If the Sun increased its radiative output:

Select one of the following:

  • the earth would undergo an uncontrollable greenhouse effect

  • the earth would eventually reach a higher equilibrium temperature

  • the amount of longwave energy radiated from Earth's surface would decrease

  • the earth would have a surplus of incoming radiation energy compared to outgoing radiation energy until the Sun finally burned itself otu

Explanation

Question 122 of 126

1

What is the makeup of land vs. water on the Earth?

Select one of the following:

  • 34% land
    66% water

  • 50% land
    50% water

  • 29% land
    71% water

  • 25% land
    75% water

Explanation

Question 123 of 126

1

What portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is of importance to humans?

Select one of the following:

  • gamma ray, x-ray, radio

  • shortwave, infrared, visible

  • radio, infrared

  • x-ray, radio, shortwave

Explanation

Question 124 of 126

1

Measuring temperature is an example of which scale?

Select one of the following:

  • ratio

  • ordinal

  • nominal

  • interval

Explanation

Question 125 of 126

1

Questions that have answers that fit into categories (i.e. boy/girl, freshman/sophomore/junior/senior) are examples of which scale?

Select one of the following:

  • nominal

  • ratio

  • interval

  • ordinal

Explanation

Question 126 of 126

1

Questions that ask you to rate something (1-10 for example) are examples of which scale?

Select one of the following:

  • ordinal

  • nominal

  • interval

  • ratio

Explanation

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