While Spain explored new world, Europeans began competition, England/France began reigious and political conflict, millions died

but as violence deminished in europe, eigious and political conflict continued in the new world

The French

early french explorers sought NW Passage- waterway through N America to Asia

French settlements develpoed w/ the help of trading- french placed higher value on cooperation w/ Indians

Jesuit missionarieshad different strategies than spanish missionaries, often fur trders marriedindian women

Huron peopleclose relationship w/ French, some converted, these relationships had high cost w/ disease, etc.

still french on the "middle ground" great lakes area- adopted some indian customs while indians engaged in some european laws

The Dutch

Netherland, achieved considerable colonial success

dutch had better freedom rights than other euro. contries, so eligious freedom seekers went to the Netherlands

although they offered lberties, offered little democracy, slavery was essential to dutch capitalist triumphs

*Henry Hudson found hudson river and clamined modern-day NY

also dutch established carribean colonies and trade attacks

dutch adopted *Hugo Grotius (philospher) ideas of peaceful land distribution w/ Indians

dutch sought to profit, not conquer:

developed trading networks, settlements, and large plantations (which helped deterorate native relationships)

Labor shortages were met w/ slaves beginning in 1626

The Portuguese

Portuguese had been ahead of Columbus, but the wealth coming from spain, made the rivalry between the two contries the worst it had ever been

this rivalry started a crisis for the catholic world, causing the pope to dividethe new world w/ the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

w/ license to conquer both spain and portugal were told to treat natives with respect and convert them

	Created by Jamila Mastny about 6 years ago

1491-1607 Exploration and Non-English Colonization 1. Pre-Columbian Societies 2. Transatlantic Encounters and Colonial Beginnings, 1492-1690 3. Compare Spanish, French, Dutch, and English colonial development.

Period 1: 1491-1607