Neuropathology I: Introduction & Cerebrovascular Disease

Question 1 of 21

1

Learning point: A good way to remember layers of the cranium is with the acronym SCALP
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌

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Skin

Connective Tissue

Aponeurosis

Loose Connective Tissue

Pericranium

Explanation

Question 2 of 21

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The central structure of a eukaryotic neuron responsible for producing rRNA is called the

Explanation

Question 3 of 21

1

Acute neuronal injury, whereby hypoxia/ischaemia causes irreversible damage to the neuronal cell (loss of nucleolus, etc) is known as ...

Select one of the following:

Red neuron
White neuron
Yellow neuron

Explanation

Question 4 of 21

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The most important histological indicator of CNS injury is .

Explanation

Question 5 of 21

1

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Gliosis is acute ( hyperplasia, hypoplasia ) and ( hypertrophy, atrophy ) of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) and is a major indicator of CNS damage.

Explanation

Question 6 of 21

1

Which type of glial cell is typically damaged as part of demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis?

Select one of the following:

Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Astrocytes
Microglia

Explanation

Question 7 of 21

1

The immune mediators of the CNS are called ...

Select one of the following:

Microglia
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Natural Killer cells

Explanation

Question 8 of 21

1

Are brain infarctions more frequently embolic or thrombotic?

Select one of the following:

Embolic
Thrombotic

Explanation

Question 9 of 21

1

Cerebral infarction (due to e.g. thrombosis or emboli) is more prevalent in women than men.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 21

1

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Differentiate thrombotic from embolic cerebral infarction:
( Thrombotic, Embolic ) = Atherosclerotic segment formed in the arteries of the brain
( Embolic, Thrombotic ) = Substance formed elsewhere in the body (commonly internal carotid, aortic arch or heart) that travels to the brain in the blood and becomes lodged, thus causing infarction.

Explanation

Question 11 of 21

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Venous thrombi (red thrombi) typically form via blood stasis in which bodily organ?
The

Would this cause an embolic or thrombotic cerebral infarction?
cerebral infarction

Explanation

Question 12 of 21

1

In which artery of the brain is a thrombus most likely to form?

Select one of the following:

Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery

Explanation

Question 13 of 21

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Approximately 48 hours after a cerebral infarct, neutrophils are no longer the predominant cell type. What is the dominant cell type?
cells

Explanation

Question 14 of 21

1

In terms of Haemorrhagic infarcts, match the site of lesion to the clinical findings.
❌: Contralateral weakness or sensory loss. If dominant hemisphere may experience aphasia/apraxia
❌: Weakness predominantly contralateral face and arm
❌: Weakness and sensory loss in contralateral leg
❌: Vertigo, Ataxia, Dysarthria, Dysphagia, among other brain stem syndromes

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Carotid artery disease

Middle cerebral artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Vertebro-basilar artery disease

Explanation

Question 15 of 21

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Which clinical condition is the biggest risk factor for stroke?

Explanation

Question 16 of 21

1

Hypertension typically predisposes to which type of stroke?

Select one of the following:

Total Anterior Circulation Syndrome
Partial Anterior Circulation Stroke
Posterior Circulation Syndrome
Lacunar Stroke

Explanation

Question 17 of 21

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

What is the most common type of stroke?
stroke

Explanation

Question 18 of 21

1

Intracerebral haemorrhages most typically occur in the ...

Select one of the following:

Basal Ganglia
Thalamus
Cerebellum

Explanation

Question 19 of 21

1

What are the most common vascular malformations?

Select one of the following:

Cavernous angiomas
Venous angiomas
Capillary telangiectases
Arteriovenous malformations

Explanation

Question 20 of 21

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Arteriovenous Malformations...
Involve shunting from ( artery to vein, vein to artery ), leading to formation of easily ruptured smooth muscle and aneurysms
Typically occur in the territory of the ( middle, anterior, posterior ) cerebral artery

Explanation

Question 21 of 21

1

	Created by Matthew Coulson about 6 years ago

Neuropathology I: Introduction & Cerebrovascular Disease lecture given in Week 4

Neuropathology I: Introduction & Cerebrovascular Disease

Question 1 of 21

Learning point: A good way to remember layers of the cranium is with the acronym SCALP ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 2 of 21

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The central structure of a eukaryotic neuron responsible for producing rRNA is called the

Explanation

Question 3 of 21

Acute neuronal injury, whereby hypoxia/ischaemia causes irreversible damage to the neuronal cell (loss of nucleolus, etc) is known as ...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 21

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The most important histological indicator of CNS injury is .

Explanation

Question 5 of 21

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Gliosis is acute hyperplasia hypoplasia( hyperplasia, hypoplasia ) and hypertrophy atrophy( hypertrophy, atrophy ) of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) and is a major indicator of CNS damage.

Explanation

Question 6 of 21

Which type of glial cell is typically damaged as part of demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 21

The immune mediators of the CNS are called ...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 21

Are brain infarctions more frequently embolic or thrombotic?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 21

Cerebral infarction (due to e.g. thrombosis or emboli) is more prevalent in women than men.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 21

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 11 of 21

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Venous thrombi (red thrombi) typically form via blood stasis in which bodily organ? The Would this cause an embolic or thrombotic cerebral infarction? cerebral infarction

Explanation

Question 12 of 21

In which artery of the brain is a thrombus most likely to form?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 21

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Approximately 48 hours after a cerebral infarct, neutrophils are no longer the predominant cell type. What is the dominant cell type? cells

Explanation

Question 14 of 21

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 15 of 21

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Which clinical condition is the biggest risk factor for stroke?

Explanation

Question 16 of 21

Hypertension typically predisposes to which type of stroke?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 21

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

What is the most common type of stroke? stroke

Explanation

Question 18 of 21

Intracerebral haemorrhages most typically occur in the ...

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 21

What are the most common vascular malformations?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 21

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Arteriovenous Malformations... Involve shunting from artery to vein vein to artery( artery to vein, vein to artery ), leading to formation of easily ruptured smooth muscle and aneurysms Typically occur in the territory of the middle anterior posterior( middle, anterior, posterior ) cerebral artery

Explanation

Learning point: A good way to remember layers of the cranium is with the acronym SCALP
❌
❌
❌
❌
❌

Gliosis is acute ( hyperplasia, hypoplasia ) and ( hypertrophy, atrophy ) of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia) and is a major indicator of CNS damage.

Venous thrombi (red thrombi) typically form via blood stasis in which bodily organ?
The

Would this cause an embolic or thrombotic cerebral infarction?
cerebral infarction

Approximately 48 hours after a cerebral infarct, neutrophils are no longer the predominant cell type. What is the dominant cell type?
cells

What is the most common type of stroke?
stroke

Arteriovenous Malformations...
Involve shunting from ( artery to vein, vein to artery ), leading to formation of easily ruptured smooth muscle and aneurysms
Typically occur in the territory of the ( middle, anterior, posterior ) cerebral artery