Term: Allomorph

Definition: One of the variant pronunciations of a morpheme, among which the choice is determined by context (phonological, grammatical or lexical).

Source: Cartairs-McCathy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburg: Editorial Board.

Term: allophone

Definition: The realisation of a phoneme. Each segment has different realisations which are only partly distinguishable for speakers. A phoneme can have different allophones, frequently depending on position in the word or on a preceding vowel.

Source: https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Phoneme

Definition: In traditional phonology the smallest unit in language which disinguishes meaning, e.g /k/ and /g/ as seen in coat and goat. Each phoneme has one or more realisations, called allophones.

Source:https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Phonology

Definition: The study of the sound system of one or more languages. Phonology involves the classification of sounds and a description of the interrelationship of the elements on a systematic level.
Source:https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Morpheme

Definition: The smallest unit in a grammar which can contrast with another and which carries meaning.
Source: https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Suffix

Definition: Any element attached to the right- hand side of a stem. Suffixation in one of the major operations in morphology and is undertaken to indicate grammatical categories as in stone : stone-s where the -s is a plural marker suffix.
Source: https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Word

Definition: A general term for a morphological form which is internally stable, can stand on its own and which in principle can be moved to a new position in a sentence. In a synthetic language like German inflected words tend to be morphologically complex whereas in an analytic language like English these are usually simpler in structure.
Source: https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Idiom

Definition: Expression whose meaning is not predictable on the basis of the meanings and its components.
Source: Source: Cartairs-McCathy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburg: Editorial Board.

Term: Verb

Definition: One of the two major lexical categories — the other is that of nouns — which is used to express a state or an action. The set of inflectional forms of a verb is termed a conjugation (parallel to declension with nouns). Verbs are usually distinguished for person and number along with tense and mood and frequently for aspect as well.
Source: https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Lexical Item

Definition: Linguistic item whose meaning is unpredictable and which therefore needs to be listed in the lexicon or in dictionaries.
Source: Cartairs-McCathy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburg: Editorial Board.

Term: Monomorphomic

Definition:Consisting of only one morpheme.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Lexicon

Definition: Inventory of lexical items, seen as part of a native speaker's knowledge of his or her language.

Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Onomatopeia

Definition:Resemblance between the sound of a word and what it denotes.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Person

Definition: Grammatical category associated especially with pronouns, identifying individuals in relation to the speaker and hearer.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.
Source:

Term: Prefix

Definition: Bound morpheme that precedes the root.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Semantic

Definition: The study of meaning, especially as part of the wider study of how knowledge of language is organised.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Polymorphemic

Definition: Consisting of more than one morpheme
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Accent

Definition: Pronunciation peculiar to a particular person or place
Source:http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/find-out-more/glossary/

Term: Dialect

Definition: Variety of speech differing from the standard or literary language and characterised by local vocabulary, constructions or pronunciations
Source: http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/find-out-more/glossary/

Term: Dipthong

Definition: Combination of two vowel sounds
Source: http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/find-out-more/glossary/

Term: Utterance

Definition: Any stretch of spoken speech, a sentence or phrase with emphasis on the characteristics of the spoken medium in contrast either with the written form or with more abstract forms of a linguistic analysis.
Source: https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Compound Sentence
Definition: A compound sentence is a sentence composed of two or more coordinate clauses.
Source: https://glossary.sil.org/term/compound-sentence

Term: Determiner
Definition: A determiner is a word or affix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers that expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun.
Source: https://glossary.sil.org/term/determiner

Term: Etymology
Definition: An area within historical linguistics which is concerned with the origin and development of the form and meaning of words and the relationship of both these aspects to each other.
Source: https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Polisynthetyc

Definition:A reference to a language which has large complex words in which several grammatical categories are fused together. See Incorporating.
Source:https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html

Term: Head

Definition: Element within a compound or derived word that determines the syntactic status, or word class, of the whole word. Semantically, also, a compound noun whose head is X usually denotes a type of X.
Source:Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Homophone

Definition: Is a
group of two or more letters representing the same speech sound, or homonym.
Source:https://glossary.sil.org/term/homophone

Term: Cognate

Definition: Of words, derived from the same historical source.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Case

Definition: Grammatical category expressing the relationship of a noun phrase to the verb in its clause.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Blend
Definition: Kind of compound in which at least one of the components is reproduced only partially.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Token
Definition: Instance or individual ocurrence of a type.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Acronym
Definition: Blend incorporating only the initial letters of its components.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Exocentric

Definition: (of a compound or derived word) - lacking a head.
Source:Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Transitive verb

Definition: Verb that is accompanied (generally or in a particular context) by a noun phrase fulfilling the syntactic function of 'object', denoting usually the goal or patient of the action of the verb.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Allomorphy

Definition: Choice of allomorphs, or (in respect of a morpheme) the characteristic of having more than one allomorph.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Argument
Definition: Noun phrase or prepositional phrase that is a required or expected concomitant of a verb.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Collocational Restriction

Definition: Restriction whereby a word, in the context of (or when collocated with) another specific lexeme, has a literal meaning different from its usual one.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Combining form

Definition: Bound morpheme, more root-like than affix-like, usually of Greek or Latin origin, that occurs only in compounds, usually with other combining forms.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Lexeme
Definition: Word seen as an abstract grammatical entity, represented concretely by one or more different inflected word forms according to the grammatical context. Where the distinction is important, lexemes are conventionally represented in small capitals while word forms are in italics.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Affix (Linguistics)

Definition: An affix is a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem.
Source: https://glossary.sil.org/term/affix-linguistics

Term: Bound Morpheme

Definition: A bound morpheme is a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme.
Source: https://glossary.sil.org/term/bound-morpheme

Term: Circumfix

Definition: A circumfix is an affix made up of two separate parts which surround and attach to a root or stem.
The morphological process whereby this is achieved is called circumfixation.
Source:

Term: Proverbs
Definition: A proverb is a short sentence that people often quote, which gives advice or tells you something about life.
Source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/proverb

Term: Genitive Case

Definition: Genitive case is a case in which the referent of the marked noun is the possessor of the referent of another noun.
Source: https://glossary.sil.org/term/genitive-case

Term: Infixation

Definition: Infixation is a morphological process whereby a bound morpheme attaches within a root or stem.
Source: https://glossary.sil.org/term/infixation

Term: Predictable words

Definition: In morphology it often refers to words or chunks of words that have predictability in their meanings. It is often categorized as onomatopoeia and sound symbolism.
Source:
https://www.slideshare.net/stephanerangaya/sound-symbolism

Term: Word form

Definition: Word viewed as a pronounceable entity, representing concretely a lexeme in some grammatical context. One word form may be shared by more than one lexeme.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Cliché
Definition: Expression that resembles an idiom in that it is conventional or institutionalized, but differs from an idiom in that its meaning is entirely derivable from the meanings of its components.
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Duallity of pattering

Definition: Parallel divisibility of speech into both meaningless units (sounds, syllables) and units with meaning or grammatical function (morphemes, words).
Source: Carstairs-McCarthy, A. (2002). An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure. Edinburgh: Editorial Board.

Term: Suprafix

Definition: A suprafix is a kind of affix in which a suprasegmental is superimposed on one or more syllables of the root or stem, signalling a particular morphosyntactic operation.

Source: https://glossary.sil.org/term/suprafix