Microbiology Lab Exam I

Question 1 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The skin is generally a(n) ( inhospitable, hospitable ) environment for most microorganisms.

Explanation

Question 2 of 48

1

Whare are some protential invasive avenues for pathogens through the skin?

Select one or more of the following:

hair follicles
openings of secreting glands
fingernails
cuts
freckles

Explanation

Question 3 of 48

1

What are some traits of human skin that make it inhospitable to most microbes?

Select one or more of the following:

salt from sweat
slightly cooler temperature
normal inhabitants
hair

Explanation

Question 4 of 48

1

Human skin acts as an efficient protective barrier by making a hostile environment that no microbes can live on.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 5 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

More bacteria are found in moist areas, such as the ( armpit, arms/legs ), than on the dry surfaces of the ( arms/legs, armpit ).

Explanation

Question 6 of 48

1

Examples of normal flora include:

Select one or more of the following:

Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Micrococcus
yeast
E. coli
Pseudomonas

Explanation

Question 7 of 48

1

What are transient microorganisms?

Select one of the following:

Microorganisms that may be found on skin temporarily, but are not permanent residents.
Microorganisms that only live for a short time, reproduce, then die.
Microorganisms that blink in and out of existence.
Microorganisms that refuse to conform to society's expectations.

Explanation

Question 8 of 48

1

What is an etiological agent?

Select one of the following:

A disease-causing agent
A beneficial agent
An ethical problem-solver

Explanation

Question 9 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The significance of bacteria as etiological agents was documented by ( Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, Francis Crick ) in ( 1876, 1492, 1926, 1776 ).

Explanation

Question 10 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Handwashing is generally considered the ( most, least ) important procedure for stopping infections and the spread of germs, but excessive handwashing can actually be ( detrimental, beneficial ) effects.

Explanation

Question 11 of 48

1

The main goals of smearing are:

Select one or more of the following:

adhere the cells to the slide
not to overheat the smear
prepare a thin smear
get as many microbes on the slide as possible

Explanation

Question 12 of 48

1

❌: uses a single stain or dye to color bacterium.
❌: differentiates organisms according to cell wall structure.
❌: differentiates endospores and vegetative cells with differential staining.
❌: useful for waxy cells that may not be easily stained by other procedures.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Simple stain

Gram stain

Endospore stain

Acid-fast

Explanation

Question 13 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Basic dyes are ( positively, negatively ) charged, containing ( cationic, anionic ) chromophores. Because the bacterial cells are slightly ( negatively, positively ) charged, there is an attraction between the ( positive, negative ) dye and the ( negative, positive ) cell.

Acidic dyes are ( negatively, positively ) charged, containing ( anionic, cationic ) chromophores, and do not stain bacterial cells.

Explanation

Question 14 of 48

1

Examples of basic dyes are:

Select one or more of the following:

methylene blue
crystal violet
basic fuchsin
nigrosin
India ink
eosin

Explanation

Question 15 of 48

1

Examples of acidic dyes are:

Select one or more of the following:

nigrosin
India ink
eosin
methylene blue
crystal violet
basic fuchsin

Explanation

Question 16 of 48

1

Label the parts of the microscope.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

eyetube

eyepiece

arm

stage

illumination system

abbe condenser

objective

revolving nosepiece

base

fine focus

course focus

Explanation

Question 17 of 48

1

Match the growth media with their physical forms:

❌: liquid
❌: semi-solid
❌: solid

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Broths

Deeps

Petri Dishes and Slants

Explanation

Question 18 of 48

1

What is the most common solidifying agent used in growth media?

Select one of the following:

agar
glucose
gelatin
starch

Explanation

Question 19 of 48

1

What is agar?

Select one of the following:

A mix of complex sugars extracted from the cell walls of Gelidium.
A form of bacterium commonly used as nutrients for other microbes.
A fish common to the Gulf of Mexico

Explanation

Question 20 of 48

1

Agar contains key nutrients for bacteria, which is why it is used in growth media so often.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 21 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

( Aseptic, Septic ): without contamination
( Septic, Aseptic ): without any microbe growth

Explanation

Question 22 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Tools used for inoculation must be ( sterile, aseptic ), but the inoculation itself must be carried out by ( aseptic, sterile ) technique.

Explanation

Question 23 of 48

1

A petri dish must be labeled with:

Select one or more of the following:

initials
the date
abbreviation for medium type
abbreviattion for bacterial culture
the lab
instructor name

Explanation

Question 24 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Petri dishes should be labeled on the ( bottom, top ), and stored agar side ( up, down ).

Explanation

Question 25 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The best way to attain isolated colonies on a petri dish is by using the ( four, three, two, one )-way streak technique.

Explanation

Question 26 of 48

1

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Gram staining causes gram-positive cells with a ( thick, thin ) peptidoglycan layer to stain ( blue to purple, red to pink ) and gram-negative cells with a ( thin, thick ) peptidoglycan layer to stain ( red to pink, blue to purple ).

Explanation

Question 27 of 48

1

Label the morphology forms:

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

punctiform

circular

filamentous

irregular

rhizoid

spindle

Explanation

Question 28 of 48

1

Label the morphology elevation terms:

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

flat

raised

convex

pulvinate

Umbonate

Explanation

Question 29 of 48

1

Label the margins:

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

entire

undulate

lobate

erose

filamentous

curled

Explanation

Question 30 of 48

1

What are endospores?

Select one of the following:

a dormant form of bacteria
reproductive organelles holding copies of DNA
refractile bodies

Explanation

Question 31 of 48

1

Endospores serve as a protective structure for survival of the organisms.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 32 of 48

1

Endospores possess a permeability barrier that prevents dyes from entering unless the barrier is destroyed.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 33 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

An endospore is structurally and chemically ( more, less ) complex than the vegetative cell it comes from. Externally, there are ( more, fewer ) layers.

Explanation

Question 34 of 48

1

What makes the endospore chemically unique?

Select one or more of the following:

synthesis of dipicolinic acid
increase in calcium ions
silica particles
complex proteins

Explanation

Question 35 of 48

1

Endospores are often called metabolically active.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 36 of 48

1

Check traits of the cortex of the endospore:

Select one or more of the following:

located below spore coat
contains peptidoglycan
can protective layers have been penetrated, can interact with typical dyes
acts as protective layer
top layer of endospore

Explanation

Question 37 of 48

1

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

A chemically-defined (( synthetic, undefined )) medium is one in which the exact chemical composition ( is, is not ) known. A complex (( undefined, synthetic )) medium is one in which the exact chemical constitution of the medium ( is not, is ) known.

Explanation

Question 38 of 48

1

When is a defined medium a minimal medium?

Select one of the following:

When it provides only the exact nutrients needed by the organism for growth.
When it uses the minimum depth of medium to promote the growth of the organism.
When it doesn't try very hard.

Explanation

Question 39 of 48

1

What is a selective medium?

Select one of the following:

A medium which has components which will inhibit or prevent the growth of certain types of bacteria, while also promoting the growth of desired bacteria.
A medium which won't let certain bacteria sit with them.
A medium which has very specific conditions in which it must be stored and inoculated in order for it to be effective.

Explanation

Question 40 of 48

1

❌ medium: has components to inhibit growth of some bacteria and promote growth of desired bacteria.
❌ medium: allows investigator to distinguish between different types of bacteria based on pattern of growth

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Selective

Minimal

Differential

Defined

Explanation

Question 41 of 48

1

What is an enrichment medium?

Select one of the following:

A get-rich-quick scheme
A medium which contains some component that permits the growth of specific types or species of bacteria
A medium that facilitates an environment of learning
A medium which contains many nutrients that can sustain many microbes

Explanation

Question 42 of 48

1

When is an enrichment medium the best option?

Select one of the following:

When the desired microbe is able to utilize very extreme components, particularly if they are the only ones that can.
When the desired microbe got a liberal arts degree.
When the desired microbe went abroad for a few months.
An enrichment medium is rich in nutrients, so it can support many microbes in many conditions.

Explanation

Question 43 of 48

1

Which of these are chemically defined mediums?

Select one or more of the following:

glucose
KH2PO4
water
peptone
agar
(NH4)2HPO4

Explanation

Question 44 of 48

1

Which of these are complex mediums?

Select one or more of the following:

glucose
peptone
agar
yeast extract
K2HPO4
FeSO4 7H2O

Explanation

Question 45 of 48

1

❌: can grow at 0 degrees, but optimally near 37 degrees
❌: optimum temperature near 37 degrees
❌: optimum temperature about 45-70 degrees
❌: optimum temperature 80 degrees or higher

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Psychrophiles

Mesophiles

Thermophiles

Extreme Thermophiles

Halophiles

Explanation

Question 46 of 48

1

How are psycrophilic bacteria adapted to a cool environment?

Select one of the following:

Have largely unsaturated fatty acids in their plasma membrane
Have blubber underneath their cell wall
Adapted their metabolic processes to function in colder temperatures
Nothing. The cold never bothered them, anyways

Explanation

Question 47 of 48

1

How are thermophiles adapted to warmer environments?

Select one or more of the following:

Higher G+C content in their DNA
Highly saturated membrane fatty acids
Thinner plasma membranes
Highly unsaturated membrane fatty acids

Explanation

Question 48 of 48

1

❌: require O2 for growth
❌: do not need O2, in fact, it is toxic to them
❌: can switch between aerobic and anaerobic types of metabolism
❌: strictly anaerobic, but can tolerate presence of O2

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Obligate aerobes

Obligate anaerobes

Facultative anaerobes

Aerotolerant anaerobes

	Created by Jo O'Bar almost 6 years ago

Study Guide for Microbiology I Lab, including all of the content from labs 1-16.

Microbiology Lab Exam I

Question 1 of 48

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The skin is generally a(n) inhospitable hospitable( inhospitable, hospitable ) environment for most microorganisms.

Explanation

Question 2 of 48

Whare are some protential invasive avenues for pathogens through the skin?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 48

What are some traits of human skin that make it inhospitable to most microbes?

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 48

Human skin acts as an efficient protective barrier by making a hostile environment that no microbes can live on.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 48

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

More bacteria are found in moist areas, such as the armpit arms/legs( armpit, arms/legs ), than on the dry surfaces of the arms/legs armpit( arms/legs, armpit ).

Explanation

Question 6 of 48

Examples of normal flora include:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 48

What are transient microorganisms?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 48

What is an etiological agent?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 48

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The significance of bacteria as etiological agents was documented by Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Francis Crick( Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, Francis Crick ) in 1876 1492 1926 1776( 1876, 1492, 1926, 1776 ).

Explanation

Question 10 of 48

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Handwashing is generally considered the most least( most, least ) important procedure for stopping infections and the spread of germs, but excessive handwashing can actually be detrimental beneficial( detrimental, beneficial ) effects.

Explanation

Question 11 of 48

The main goals of smearing are:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 12 of 48

❌: uses a single stain or dye to color bacterium. ❌: differentiates organisms according to cell wall structure. ❌: differentiates endospores and vegetative cells with differential staining. ❌: useful for waxy cells that may not be easily stained by other procedures.

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 13 of 48

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 14 of 48

Examples of basic dyes are:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 48

Examples of acidic dyes are:

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 16 of 48

Label the parts of the microscope.

Drag an answer into the correct orange point.

Explanation

Question 17 of 48

Match the growth media with their physical forms: ❌: liquid ❌: semi-solid ❌: solid

Drag and drop to complete the text.

Explanation

Question 18 of 48

What is the most common solidifying agent used in growth media?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 19 of 48

What is agar?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 48

Agar contains key nutrients for bacteria, which is why it is used in growth media so often.

Select one of the following:

The skin is generally a(n) ( inhospitable, hospitable ) environment for most microorganisms.

More bacteria are found in moist areas, such as the ( armpit, arms/legs ), than on the dry surfaces of the ( arms/legs, armpit ).

The significance of bacteria as etiological agents was documented by ( Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, Francis Crick ) in ( 1876, 1492, 1926, 1776 ).

Handwashing is generally considered the ( most, least ) important procedure for stopping infections and the spread of germs, but excessive handwashing can actually be ( detrimental, beneficial ) effects.

❌: uses a single stain or dye to color bacterium.
❌: differentiates organisms according to cell wall structure.
❌: differentiates endospores and vegetative cells with differential staining.
❌: useful for waxy cells that may not be easily stained by other procedures.

Match the growth media with their physical forms:

❌: liquid
❌: semi-solid
❌: solid

( Aseptic, Septic ): without contamination
( Septic, Aseptic ): without any microbe growth

Tools used for inoculation must be ( sterile, aseptic ), but the inoculation itself must be carried out by ( aseptic, sterile ) technique.

Petri dishes should be labeled on the ( bottom, top ), and stored agar side ( up, down ).

The best way to attain isolated colonies on a petri dish is by using the ( four, three, two, one )-way streak technique.

An endospore is structurally and chemically ( more, less ) complex than the vegetative cell it comes from. Externally, there are ( more, fewer ) layers.