When deciding what mands to teach you should...
always teach them to say "please" after each mand.
do a preference assessment to determine what motivates your learner.
choose what mands YOU want them to learn first.
not choose food items since it's distracting to other children around them.
Sue's teachers say she isn't motivated by anything. She shows little interest in toys, activities or food. An exception appears to be one CD that she listens to exclusively. What can Sue's teachers do to broaden her reinforcement repertoire?
Pair toys, food, and activities with the music she loves and then start to fade the music volume down.
Limit her food intake so she will be hungry and work for food reinforcers.
Allow her to listen to music every time she engages in good behavior.
Prompt her through playing with toys and she will eventually like it.
Which of the following is backwards chaining?
Prompting a learner through all steps of washing hands, but allowing them to throw away the towel independently.
Allowing a learner to open a box of cake mix but prompting all the other steps when learning to bake a cake.
Teaching a learner to draw a picture by using hand over hand prompts for every step.
Demonstrating how to tie shoes until the learner expresses that they are ready to try independently.
Which of the following is NOT a part of a Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP)?
Target behavior you are trying to eliminate or decrease
Antecedent Interventions
Antecedents that may be occurring before the behavior
How the child feels when the behavior is occurring
If a practitioner finds that, due to unforeseen factors, a potentially harmful multiple relationship has arisen, what is recommended?
attempt to resolve with the best interests of the affected person and maximal compliance with the Guidelines
immediately cease all services with the client, but provide written explanation of the reason
Report it to the BACB so it can be legally documented
Any of the above are appropriate actions that can be taken
It is appropriate to discuss clients with which of the following?
Anyone in the field of behavior analysis
Any co-workers at your agency, school, etc.
Your family members (as long as they understand it must remain confidential)
None of the above
What does a crisis plan describe?
How to prevent and respond to the crisis behaviors.
Relaxation techniques for crises, such as deep breathing.
Emergency preparedness details for your employment.
Which emergency responders to call during a crisis.
A ______________ is an employee who is required by the state to inform a designated investigator of any suspected, witnessed, or alleged abuse or neglect.
Support staff
Law enforcement reporter
Mandatory reporter
State authorized witness
The Phase Change line demonstrates a change in conditions on a graph and is represented by:
A solid horizontal line
A dotted horizontal line
A line connecting the x and y axes
A solid vertical line
All of the following are functions of behavior EXCEPT...
to gain attention.
to placate others.
to escape/avoid a task or situation.
to gain an item or activity.
You can track your learners progress in mands by...
asking the parent how many times they mand at home.
making an educated guess on how often your learner is manding per hour because it's not realistic to take frequency data.
taking frequency data and graphing the results to be analyzed over time.
tracking frequency of problematic behaviors.
If the demands of an organization conflict with the BACB's guidelines, practitioners should
default to the rules of the organization as they take precedence over the Guidelines
clarify the nature of the conflict with their supervisor, make known their commitment to these Guidelines and try to resolve the conflict
contact the BACB and ask that they review the organization's rules
contact the BACB and file a written complaint against the organization for ethical violations
Data should be graphed:
Before a treatment is introduced
During treatment
After a treatment is introduced
All of the above
The following is an example of which transfer procedure? SD: Point to the cat? R: child points to cat SD: What is it? (holding cat card) R: child says "cat."
Echoic to intraverbal transfer
Imitation to listener response transfer
Echoic to tact transfer
Listener response to tact transfer
James is reaching for a gummy worm you have in your hand, and he isn't saying, "Gummy." What is the most intrusive prompt you can give?
Model a part of the word "guh" (partial echoic).
Point at the gummy (gesture).
Model the word "gummy" (echoic prompt).
Wait a little longer for him to respond (time delay).
The one time you should violate confidentiality is _______________.
when there is suspected abuse or neglect
when it will benefit other cases
when it will benefit the field of behavior analysis
when your supervisor says it is okay
Which of the following would be transfer trial: The teacher presents the discriminative stimulus with an echoic prompt, the student responds correctly so next the teacher will _________.
Present the discriminative stimulus but this time fade or omit the echoic prompt.
Present the discriminative stimulus with another echoic prompt to ensure correct responding.
Move on to another tact target.
Move on to another verbal operant target.
Jake yelled when he wanted music turned off and his parents would turn it off. One day, his parents decided to ignore the yelling. Jake's yelling initially increased then decreased over the next couple days as they continued to ignore. What occurred?
positive reinforcement
spontaneous recovery
extinction burst
negative reinforcement
Leila engages in hand mouthing. She is reinforced every time she is engaged in a behavior that is incompatible with hand mouthing (drawing or building with legos). This is an example of which differential reinforcement procedure?
DRA
DRO
DRI
DRL
When our learner is on a roll with responding, reinforcement should be…
given after every correct response.
faded out so it doesn't interrupt the flow of the session.
removed immediately.
continued at current levels or increased.
Supervisors must provide feedback to their direct reports every______________.
two weeks.
week.
day.
month.
Behavior Analysts should always recommend the ____________________ likely to be effective in dealing with a behavior problem.
least restrictive procedures
most restrictive procedure
most often used procedure
most researched procedure
Outcome recording could be used for which behavior?
Sitting nicely
Writing an essay
Giving a speech
Dancing ballet
Before you can make a hypothesis about the function(s) of the target behavior, you must do all of the following EXCEPT...
define the target behaviors.
do a functional interview with key members of the team to note patterns in the child's behavior before you directly observe
tell the parents to skip medication for a day so you can rule out medication effects.
directly observe and measure the behavior taking ABC data.
The three steps of discrimination training are...
present both targets, prompt, reinforce
teach in isolation, add distracters, mix in mastered items.
review mastered items, present new item, random rotate.
present discriminative stimulus, prompt, reinforce.
When you observed Sally, she kicked 7 times. Your observation was from 1 pm to 3 pm. Sally's kicking rate per hour is:
14 per hour
3.5 per hour
1.75 per hour
7 per hour
Which of the following is deemed acceptable when it comes to avoiding dual relationships?
Babysitting for a client for free
Babysitting for a client and accepting money
Going to a client's family party
None of the above are acceptable
A crisis plan includes which sections?
Crisis, Crisis Responses, Data Collection, Diagnosis
Antecedents, Consequences, Medications, Responses
Antecedents, Escalation, Responses, Consequences
Antecedent Interventions, Escalation, Crisis, Post Crisis
Once pairing has taken place, the teacher can become a ___________ reinforcer.
generalized
primary
conditioned
non-contingent
Which of the following is not socially mediated?
Automatic reinforcement
Gain access to items
Gain attention
Escape
You can transfer the control of the mand to the motivation operation alone by...
requiring your learner to mand 100 times a day.
always prompting with the most intrusive prompt so they are always successful.
prompting least to most.
systematically fading your prompts.
Line Graphs can be used for:
Percentage and duration
Frequency and rate
Intensity and latency
Which of the following would be the most appropriate report about behaviors observed in a session?
Johnny was very upset when Chris pushed him at lunch
Johnny had a huge tantrum today and seemed very tired
Johnny was acting up in class when he was asked to push in his chair
Johnny engaged in 4 episodes of hand biting today
Behavioral definitions must be both...
broad and articulate.
positive and comprehensive.
impartial and multidimensional.
observable and measurable.
Multiple exemplar training refers to _______________.
Using many different stimuli to teach a skill to promote generalization.
Using multiple SD's in tact training.
Using different items when teaching a child to mand.
Adding a new stimuli every day that the skill is worked on until you reach 5.
All of the following are reasons that the use of electronic communication and social media are more likely to result in a HIPAA violation EXCEPT:
HIPAA encourages people to use paper because its the safest and most efficient way to communicate health information.
When using social media it is easy to forget that you are potentially communicating with thousands of people.
The privacy settings on social media are not sufficient to protect PHI as required by the Security Rule.
It is easy to send an email to the wrong person.
Rob is learning body parts, and loves frogs. His teacher draws a frog, but leaves out parts of its body. When he points at the missing part, she prompts him to say the body part, then draws it. This is an example of Naturalistic Teaching Strategies because...
she prompted him right away.
the activity focuses on teaching language.
it was teaching done during play time.
the reinforcer was directly related to the material being taught.
What is the first step in creating a behavioral treatment?
Take baseline data
Define the behavior and select a measurement technique.
Write out the plan for the whole team to follow
Decide if punishment is warranted
Ratio Schedules are based on ______________ and interval schedules are based on ___________________.
the passage of time, number or intervals
the number of responses, number of intervals
the number of responses, passage of time
the passage of time, number or responses
When practitioners believe there may have been an ethical violation by another practitioner, or non behavioral colleague, they attempt to resolve the issue, first by:
Bringing it to the attention of that individual
Contacting the BACB
Discussing it with their direct supervisor
Providing documentation of the violation to their superior
All of the following are some appropriate ways to respond to feedback, EXCEPT:
Try to apply what you have learned from the feedback.
Explain to your supervisor why you did what you did. They may be wrong in their feedback.
Try not to get upset or explain away the feedback.
Show that you've listened to your supervisor's feedback by asking clarifying questions.
Every ten minutes Johnny is rewarded with a gummy if he did not throw his toys. This is an example of which differential reinforcement procedure?
What are two things you can do to organize and prepare for each day ahead of time?
Use a “to-do” list and keep a calendar to review what is up ahead
Get a good nights sleep and eat nutritious foods
Talk over you schedule with co-workers and ask for help prioritizing
Do grocery shopping on weekends
It is okay to work for a close family member as long as _____________
they do not live close to you.
you disclose your relationship to all members of the team.
there is no other BCBA in the area.
there is no time where it is appropriate to work for a close family member.
What are the 4 functions of behavior?
Access to tangibles, to gain attention, escape, automatic.
Access to time, access to items, access to activities, access to individuals.
Positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, neutral reinforcement, automatic reinforcement.
Primary reinforcers, conditioned reinforcers, primary punishment, conditioned punishment.
Tamara is behind on her work as an analyst and decides she needs to do some work at home tonight. She copies the files she has been working on (which contain PHI) to a flash drive and drops the flash drive in her purse for later use. When Tamara gets home, the flash drive is missing. Is this a security breach?
No. Tamara doesn't know who has the flash drive or whether the PHI was accessed, so it is not a security breach
Yes. It is a security breach. The data on the flash drive was not encrypted or otherwise protected and there is no way to undo the potential damage because the flash drive is lost.
No, Tamara's loss of the flash drive was accidental.
No. Anyone who picked up the flash drive wouldn't know what it is or how to use it.
If reinforcement is delivered after each number of responses listed, which of the following is variable ratio of 7 (VR7)?
3, 11, 7, 7, 4, 10
7, 7, 7, 7
1, 7, 1, 7, 1, 7
2, 12, 3, 7, 7
In which of the following scenarios would consent not be required?
When changing program goals
When advancing to the next target in a program
When performing an FBA
When using a new procedure
What can be used to determine existing nonsocial and social reinforcers?
The VB-MAPP
A peer's list of reinforcers
A preference assessment
There is no way to determine existing reinforcers
If a Behavior Technician measured the length of time that it took Andrew to respond to someone calling him, she would be measuring the...
Event
Inter-trial interval
Latency
Duration
How can you tell if an item functioned as a reinforcer?
If the individual smiled while interacting with the item
If the child appeared to enjoy consuming the item
If it made the individual happy to have the item
If the behavior was actually repeated in the future after receiving the item
In the Discrete Trial cycle, the prompt should occur when?
Just before the discriminative stimulus
A few seconds after the discriminative stimulus
Simultaneously with the instruction, or just after it
Anytime before the response
Competent Training Programs and Supervised Work Experiences include all of the following, EXCEPT?
They must be competently designed supervisory activities.
They must meet the requirements for licensure, certification, or other goals for which claims are made by the program/supervisor.
Specific training in Occupational Therapy practices
They must be effectively and ethically designed
Complete this sentence: Documentation and record keeping are important to ensure….
accountability, coordination of care between yourself and other supports and to guide the improvement of services.
timely payment to Registered Behavior Technicians
that people are working sufficiently hard
the health of people you support
The role of the RBT is to
Provide direct support and education with individuals receiving ABA services
Design behavior analysis programs for children with autism
Analyze the data that is collected by paraprofessionals working with individuals with autism
Instructors can help facilitate generalization by ___________.
using only one phrase for the SD and the feedback
using contrived reinforcers
having only one teacher to make sure the target behavior is well established
varying the therapy setting, SDs, and stimuli
Free Operant preference assessments involve...
asking parents/caregivers what the child's preferred reinforcers are.
providing a field of 3 toys and seeing which one you learner chooses.
allowing a few minutes with each reinforcer, then removing and providing another one.
watching what your learner chooses to do when they can play with anything available.
Which type of chaining results in the learner being reinforced after they perform the final step in the chain?
Backwards chaining
Total task presentation
Sideways Chaining
Forwards chaining
Behavior Analysts adhere to a code of ethics that seeks to protect the _____________.
rights of its consumers
secrets of behavior analysis
confidentiality of behavior analysts
workplace and its policies
An operational definition is used for a behavior so that
Its operation will be known to the entire team.
Subjective reports can guide the intervention plan.
Two independent observers will agree on occurrences and non-occurrences of the behavior.
The problem behavior will decrease in frequency, and be replaced by more appropriate behaviors.
When you document you should attempt to document only…
Your impressions of the event you are documenting
Your analysis of why what you documented happened
As little as possible so what you write cannot be used against you
What was observed, not interpretations of what was observed
When teaching Bob to discriminate boys and girls, his teacher used pictures of exaggerated versions of genders (girls had long hair and dresses, boys wore pants, had short hair). Over time, she used less exaggerated features. This an example of what?
Stimulus Fading
Shaping
Least to most prompting
Chaining
Hilary has autism and she likes to push buttons on her toys over and over again. After a while, to her parent's satisfaction, the batteries wore out of the toy. Hilary stopped pushing the buttons on the toy. What decreased her behavior?
negative punishment
positive punishment
extinction
Whenever punishment is going to be used, the client or the person whom makes decisions for the client, such as a parent or guardian, must ___________.
believe it will work
have already attempted positive reinforcement
attend workshops discussing the effective use of punishment
give informed consent
Which of the following could be a Motivating Operation?
Tommy hasn't eaten today and is very hungry.
Tommy hit his sister.
Before Suzy called her teacher a name, she felt ignored.
After Tommy hit his sister, he was sent to time out.
Breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units is the definition of…
backwards chaining.
discrimination training.
task analysis.
shaping.
What situation might warrant a functional assessment of problem behavior and a behavior intervention plan?
Candace throws items at her peers during class. This happens several times/hour, and occasionally it causes injury.
Nate jiggles his foot repetitively when he sits in his high school class. He continues to take notes and performs well on tests, but will engage in this repetitive movement for up to 10 minutes at a time.
Kayla thinks that Sam is mean because he breaks her toys and he blames Kayla when he has done something wrong in class. Kayla avoids Sam and doesn't play with him. Her mom sees this as a problem and wants her to play with Sam.
David is in high school and memorizes one spelling word per day- while the typical kids his age are learning five to ten words per day in preparation for the SATs. His teacher wants him to spend more time doing spelling, so he can catch up to his peers.
Something you can do to prevent the student from losing motivation in Naturalistic Teaching is...
provide reinforcement for every response.
change activities at a pace that is just slightly faster than the learner is losing interest in them in following teaching sessions.
allow frequent breaks.
sing and dance for them.
Stimulus control is when...
a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular discriminative stimulus than in its absence.
a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a prompt than in its absence.
a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular non-contingent reinforcer than in its absence.
a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of a particular operationalized stimulus than in its absence.
Whenever punishment is going to be used, the client or the person whom makes decisions for the client, such as a parent or guardian, must __________.
Discrimination training requires …
one response and one antecedent condition.
two responses and one antecedent condition.
one response and two antecedent conditions.
two responses and two antecedent conditions.
Frequency recording would be appropriate to use for which behavior?
Key strokes
Humming
Watching TV
Running
When Keenan and his mother go to the zoo, Keenan always whines to ride the train. Most of the time his mother says "no," but when she is really tired she might say "yes." Why is this behavior not likely to be easily extinguished?
She has reinforced his whining on a very thin variable ratio schedule.
She has reinforced his whining on a continuous schedule.
She has reinforced his whining on a very dense variable ratio schedule.
She has reinforced his whining on a fixed ratio schedule.
Find the best definition for hitting.
Putting a hand onto another person with the intention of hurting them.
Trying to be the top dog in the classroom
Any occurrence of touching another person separated by 3 seconds
Forceful contact between the learner's hand and another person.
If a Behavior Technician watched Jimmy for 5 minute periods and recorded if he were humming for ANY part of that 5 minutes period, she would be using:
Partial Interval Recording
Time Sampling
Whole Interval Recording
Duration Recording
