Joe Jorgensen
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Water Treatment Operator Certification

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Joe Jorgensen
Created by Joe Jorgensen about 6 years ago
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Treatment 1/2 Practice Test 2

Question 1 of 100

1

What is a pathogen?

Select one of the following:

  • Algae

  • Laurel Tryptose

  • MTBE

  • Disease-causing microorganism

Explanation

Question 2 of 100

1

What is the impact of algae to water quality?

Select one of the following:

  • Elevated hardness

  • Increase in Cryptosporidium

  • Taste and odor problems

  • Corrosively

Explanation

Question 3 of 100

1

What is the concentration of chlorine gas?

Select one of the following:

  • 12.5%

  • 100%

  • 65%

  • 22.5%

Explanation

Question 4 of 100

1

Which of the following is not used to mix coagulants?

Select one of the following:

  • Hydraulic mixing

  • Mechanical mixing

  • Diffuser

  • Horizontal paddle wheel

Explanation

Question 5 of 100

1

What is considered to be a quick remedy to address a sudden increase in filtered water turbidity?

Select one of the following:

  • Feed a filter-aid chemical to the filter influent

  • Increase plant flowrate

  • Backwash less frequently

  • Reduce speed of rapid mixer

Explanation

Question 6 of 100

1

What is the likely cause of pinging in a pump?

Select one of the following:

  • Water hardness

  • Frequent starting and stopping

  • Cavitation

  • Corrosion

Explanation

Question 7 of 100

1

Which of the following controls the efficiency of removing suspended solids in the sedimentation process?

Select one of the following:

  • Minimize mud ball formation

  • Sodium hydroxide

  • Flowrate

  • Proper backwashing

Explanation

Question 8 of 100

1

What is a sanitary survey?

Select one of the following:

  • Vulnerability assessment

  • An analysis to determine all potential water quality impacts to a proposed well

  • Survey conducted to find ways to reduce wastewater production

  • Investigation to determine optimal location for water sampling station

Explanation

Question 9 of 100

1

Which of the following categories does bacteria belong to?

Select one of the following:

  • Dissolved

  • Settleable

  • Inorganic

  • Colloidal

Explanation

Question 10 of 100

1

Under the Surface Water Treatment Rule, what must the reduction of viruses be through filtration and disinfection?

Select one of the following:

  • 99%

  • 99.99%

  • 90%

  • 95%

Explanation

Question 11 of 100

1

Which of the following is not considered free residual chlorine?

Select one of the following:

  • Hypochlorous acid

  • Hyochlorite ion

  • Monochloramine

  • Chlorine

Explanation

Question 12 of 100

1

Why is coliform used as an indicator organism?

Select one of the following:

  • It reduces the complexity and cost of analysis

  • It is accurate in identifying the strain of virus

  • It provides detailed information about the type of pathogens in the sample

  • It provides the exact number of pathogens in the sample

Explanation

Question 13 of 100

1

What is an example of a non-community, non-transient water system?

Select one of the following:

  • Rest stop

  • Subdivision

  • Retirement community

  • School

Explanation

Question 14 of 100

1

What is the purpose of packing in a pump?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase the pressure and flow of a fluid

  • Transmit input per from the driver to the impeller/s mounted on the shaft

  • Control the leakage of water along the pump shaft and prevent air from entering along the shaft when the pump is in a suction lift condition

  • Keep the shaft or rotor in correct alignment with the stationary parts under the action of radial and transverse (axial) loads

Explanation

Question 15 of 100

1

What does the addition of carbon dioxide do to the pH of water?

Select one of the following:

  • Raises it

  • Lowers it

  • Unaffected by it

  • Creates instability of pH

Explanation

Question 16 of 100

1

What is an unconfined aquifer?

Select one of the following:

  • One in which groundwater is under pressure by overlying and aquitards

  • A well in which water rises under pressure from a permeable stratum overlaid by impermeable rock

  • A location where groundwater naturally emerges from the Earth's subsurface in a defined flow and in an amount large enough to form a pool

  • One in which groundwater possesses a free surface open to the atmosphere

Explanation

Question 17 of 100

1

What is a static water level in a well?

Select one of the following:

  • Water level when pump is not running

  • Water level when pump is running

  • The midpoint of the aquifer

  • The bottom of the zone of saturation

Explanation

Question 18 of 100

1

Which of the following will least likely impact the formation of flocs during the coagulation and flocculation process?

Select one of the following:

  • Alkalinity

  • pH

  • Temperature

  • Hardness

Explanation

Question 19 of 100

1

What is formed when free chlorine reacts with ammonia?

Select one of the following:

  • Ammonia hydroxide

  • Ammonia chloroform

  • Chloramine

  • Ammonium nitrate

Explanation

Question 20 of 100

1

Which contaminant causes Blue Baby Syndrome?

Select one of the following:

  • Copper

  • Nitrate

  • Lead

  • Arsenic

Explanation

Question 21 of 100

1

What is free Chlorine?

Select one of the following:

  • The residual chlorine existing in water in chemical combination with ammonia or organic amines

  • The sum of free and combined chlorine

  • Inorganic chloramines

  • The concentration of residual chlorine in water which is present as dissolved gas, hypochlorous acid, and or hypochlorite

Explanation

Question 22 of 100

1

What is a thermocline?

Select one of the following:

  • A thin distinct layer in a reservoir in which temperature changes more rapidly with depth than it does in the layers above or below

  • Epilimnion

  • Hypolimnion

  • Deepest layer

Explanation

Question 23 of 100

1

What agency protects the health and safety of industrial employees?

Select one of the following:

  • Public Utilities commission

  • EPA

  • OSHA

  • NEPA

Explanation

Question 24 of 100

1

What is the first priority in water treatment?

Select one of the following:

  • Production of drinking water at a reasonable cost

  • Production of safe drinking water

  • Production of an aesthetically pleasing drinking water

  • Production of drinking water that does not leave scale deposits

Explanation

Question 25 of 100

1

What is the health effect of consuming water with high levels of lead?

Select one of the following:

  • Blue Baby Syndrome

  • Breathing problems

  • Diarrhea

  • Cardiovascular effects, increased blood pressure and incidence of hypertension

Explanation

Question 26 of 100

1

What is an imaginary surface to which groundwater rises under hydrostatic pressure in wells or springs?

Select one of the following:

  • Drawdown

  • Radius of influence

  • Pumping water level

  • Piezometric surface

Explanation

Question 27 of 100

1

What is used to evaluate new coagulants or polymers being considered for use at the plant?

Select one of the following:

  • DPD test

  • MPN method

  • Jar test

  • Colilert method

Explanation

Question 28 of 100

1

What are the 4 zones of a clarifier?

Select one of the following:

  • Inlet, Outlet, Settling, Sludge

  • Inlet, Outlet, Settling, Skimming

  • Inlet, Outlet, Settling, Baffles

  • Settling, Baffles, Skimming, Sludge

Explanation

Question 29 of 100

1

Which type of filtration process is approved by the Surface Water Treatment Rule?

Select one of the following:

  • Nanofiltration

  • Conventional water treatment

  • Ion Exchange

  • Microfiltration

Explanation

Question 30 of 100

1

Which of the following impacts the color of source water?

Select one of the following:

  • Sodium

  • Pressure

  • Organics, such as soil and leaves

  • Temperature

Explanation

Question 31 of 100

1

Coliform is most likely to be found in which of the following water supplies?

Select one of the following:

  • Deep well

  • Shallow well

  • Artesian

  • Lake

Explanation

Question 32 of 100

1

What is the amount of water than can be withdrawn from an aquifer without significant environmental impact?

Select one of the following:

  • Well drawdown

  • Safe yield

  • Cone of depression

  • Specific yield

Explanation

Question 33 of 100

1

pH will increase if the following chemical is added to water.

Select one of the following:

  • CO2

  • Iron

  • Ammonia

  • Acid

Explanation

Question 34 of 100

1

Which of the following is an unstable form of disinfection?

Select one of the following:

  • Ozonation

  • Sodium hypochlorite

  • Chloramine

  • UV

Explanation

Question 35 of 100

1

How many stages are in a breakpoint chlorination curve?

Select one of the following:

  • 3

  • 2

  • 1

  • 4

Explanation

Question 36 of 100

1

Chlorine demand is best described as which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Chlorine dose + Chlorine residual

  • Chlorine dose - Chlorine residual

  • Chlorine dose X Chlorine residual

  • The amount of chlorine required to linger in the pipeline

Explanation

Question 37 of 100

1

What is an example of a natural organic matter?

Select one of the following:

  • Iron

  • Manganese

  • Fallen leaves

  • Arsenic

Explanation

Question 38 of 100

1

What is a typical characteristic of a colloidal particle in raw water?

Select one of the following:

  • Positive charge on the surface

  • Negative charge on the surface

  • Neutral charge on the surface

  • Cationic attributes

Explanation

Question 39 of 100

1

What is short circuiting in a clarifier?

Select one of the following:

  • Electrical problems in the control panel

  • Negative electrical charge on colloid

  • Electrical charge neutralized by alum

  • Shorter settling time in basin

Explanation

Question 40 of 100

1

What would cause a filter to begin backwashing?

Select one of the following:

  • Low chlorine concentration

  • Presence of THM

  • Head loss

  • Temperature

Explanation

Question 41 of 100

1

What is the purpose of surface washing in a filtration unit?

Select one of the following:

  • Clear under drain

  • Expand filter media

  • Prevent loss of media

  • Break-up mud balls

Explanation

Question 42 of 100

1

Where would you most likely see high levels of nitrate in the groundwater supply?

Select one of the following:

  • Near agricultural land

  • In very deep wells

  • Near military bases

  • Near swamps

Explanation

Question 43 of 100

1

What is adsorption

Select one of the following:

  • Constituents is sucked in

  • Constituents sticking to the surface of a substance

  • Molecule is converted from aqueous phase to solid phase

  • Contaminant breaks up into smaller particles

Explanation

Question 44 of 100

1

In which part of the water treatment plant are 99% of the suspended solids removed?

Select one of the following:

  • Coagulation

  • Disinfection

  • Flocculation

  • Sedimentation and filtration

Explanation

Question 45 of 100

1

Which of the following will most likely lead to the lowest concentration of THMs in treated water?

Select one of the following:

  • Sodium hypochlorite

  • Chlorine gas

  • Chloramines

  • Calcium hypochlorite

Explanation

Question 46 of 100

1

Which of the following is not true about the Total Coliform Rule?

Select one of the following:

  • Uses a presence and absence approach

  • Compliance is determined on a monthly basis

  • Each total coliform-positive routine sample must be tested for the presence of fecal coliforms

  • Smaller systems that collect fewer than 40 samples cannot have coliform positive results in more than 2 samples per month

Explanation

Question 47 of 100

1

Which of the following is true about fusible plugs on a chlorine container?

Select one of the following:

  • Use it as the point of connection

  • Always remove it before use

  • Never remove it

  • Should be removed during maintenance

Explanation

Question 48 of 100

1

What is the most common water quality complaint from customers?

Select one of the following:

  • Color

  • Taste and odor problems

  • Scaling

  • Corrosion

Explanation

Question 49 of 100

1

What information should be identified on the sampling container?

Select one of the following:

  • Sampling location, date, and time

  • Concentration of all constituents

  • Probable cause of contamination

  • Type of treatment used at the plant

Explanation

Question 50 of 100

1

What is the standard requirement for conventional and direct filtration?

Select one of the following:

  • Filtered water must be less than or equal to 0.2 NTU in 95% of monthly measurements

  • Filtered water must be less than or equal to 1.0 NTU in 95% of monthly measurements

  • Filtered water must be less than or equal to 0.5 NTU in 95% of monthly measurements

  • Filtered water must be less than or equal to 0.3 NTU in 95% of monthly measurements

Explanation

Question 51 of 100

1

What is the main drawback of using sodium hypochlorite to disinfect water?

Select one of the following:

  • Expensive

  • Formation of THMs

  • Difficult to procure

  • Most dangerous form of disinfectant to store at plant

Explanation

Question 52 of 100

1

What is one of the causes of hardness of water?

Select one of the following:

  • Arsenic

  • Nitrate

  • Calcium

  • Manganese

Explanation

Question 53 of 100

1

Which chemical is used to raise the pH in water?

Select one of the following:

  • Citric acid

  • Carbon dioxide

  • Sulfuric acid

  • Soda ash

Explanation

Question 54 of 100

1

What is the purpose of flocculation?

Select one of the following:

  • Mix coagulants with raw water

  • Add chlorine prior to filtration

  • Slowly stir water to bring smaller flocs together to form larger ones

  • Oxidize mineral

Explanation

Question 55 of 100

1

Which of the following range of pH is considered to be acidic?

Select one of the following:

  • 8-10

  • 0-6

  • 11-13

  • 7

Explanation

Question 56 of 100

1

What is the term used to describe the upper layer of a stratified reservoir?

Select one of the following:

  • Epilimnion

  • Thermocline

  • Hypolimnion

  • Metalimnion

Explanation

Question 57 of 100

1

What is another name for the Multiple Tube Fermentation test?

Select one of the following:

  • MPC

  • MFF

  • MDS

  • MPN

Explanation

Question 58 of 100

1

What impact does precipitated manganese have on water?

Select one of the following:

  • Brownish water

  • Blackish water

  • Reddish water

  • No impact

Explanation

Question 59 of 100

1

Which of the following is not part of the Surface Water Treatment Rule?

Select one of the following:

  • Applies to all public water systems using surface water sources or ground water sources under the direct influence of surface water

  • Requires most water systems to filter and disinfect water from surface water sources or ground water under direct influence

  • Establishes maximum contaminant level goals (MCLGs) for viruses, bacteria, and Giardia lamblia

  • All water systems are allowed to use disinfection only for surface water sources that meet criteria for water quality and watershed protection

Explanation

Question 60 of 100

1

What is a typical characteristic of chlorine gas?

Select one of the following:

  • Greenish yellow color

  • Blue color

  • Orange color

  • Brown color

Explanation

Question 61 of 100

1

Which of the following is not true about the Total Coliform Rule?

Select one of the following:

  • Each total coliform-positive routine sample must be tested for the presence of fecal coliform or E. coli

  • If any routine sample is total coliform-positive, repeat samples are required.

  • Establishes a maximum contaminant level (MCL) based on the presence of absence of total coliforms

  • Monthly sampling requirements are not based on population served

Explanation

Question 62 of 100

1

What can be done to minimize the formation of THM?

Select one of the following:

  • Increase the chlorination before filtration

  • Increase precursors

  • Eliminate or reduce chlorination before the filters

  • Increase temperature

Explanation

Question 63 of 100

1

What is the source of fecal coliform bacteria?

Select one of the following:

  • Sand

  • Feces

  • Leaves

  • Inorganic

Explanation

Question 64 of 100

1

What is the drawback of using UV for disinfection?

Select one of the following:

  • DBPs

  • Involves storage of toxic chemicals

  • High energy cost

  • Longer contact time required

Explanation

Question 65 of 100

1

What are the two types of aquifers

Select one of the following:

  • Confined and unconfined

  • Static and pumping

  • Cationic and anionic

  • Eutrophic and oligotrophic

Explanation

Question 66 of 100

1

What is a common problem associated with hardness in water?

Select one of the following:

  • Corrosion

  • Blue Baby Syndrome

  • High Blood Pressure

  • Scaling

Explanation

Question 67 of 100

1

What is the problem with very soft water?

Select one of the following:

  • Scaling

  • Leads to kidney disease

  • Corrosion

  • THM formation

Explanation

Question 68 of 100

1

Why is it harmful to backwash at a high velocity?

Select one of the following:

  • Forms mudballs

  • Flushes some media into spent backwash water

  • Increases build-up (headloss)

  • Forms THMs

Explanation

Question 69 of 100

1

What occurs on the right side of the breakpoint chlorination curve?

Select one of the following:

  • Chlorine is destroyed by reducing compound

  • Formation of chloroganics

  • Chlororganics partly destroyed

  • Free available residual chlorine begin to form

Explanation

Question 70 of 100

1

How does Powder Activated Carbon (PAC) remove contaminants from the water?

Select one of the following:

  • Absorption

  • Disinfection

  • Adsorption

  • Filtration

Explanation

Question 71 of 100

1

Which entity is responsible for enforcing the drinking water standards?

Select one of the following:

  • State

  • City

  • County

  • Federal EPA

Explanation

Question 72 of 100

1

How is the rate of head loss affected by a more uniform filter media?

Select one of the following:

  • Faster

  • Slower

  • Unaffected

  • More breakthroughs

Explanation

Question 73 of 100

1

Which of the following is true about soluble iron and Manganese?

Select one of the following:

  • Carcinogens

  • Reddish brown

  • Black

  • Colorless

Explanation

Question 74 of 100

1

What is the reason for adding coagulants at the flash mixer?

Select one of the following:

  • Stir flocs together

  • Oxidize iron and manganese

  • Neutralize negative charge on colloids

  • Pre-chlorination

Explanation

Question 75 of 100

1

Why would a water purveyor switch from chlorine gas to sodium hypochlorite?

Select one of the following:

  • Eliminate THMs

  • Safety

  • To minimize liquid chemical storage at plant

  • To eliminate the usage of free chlorine at the plant

Explanation

Question 76 of 100

1

Which pathogen is smallest in size

Select one of the following:

  • Bacteria

  • Protozoa

  • Cyst

  • Virus

Explanation

Question 77 of 100

1

Which of the following is not an example of a suspended solid?

Select one of the following:

  • Silt

  • Decaying plants

  • Animal matter

  • Soluble calcium

Explanation

Question 78 of 100

1

Which of the following is not a type of a coliform test?

Select one of the following:

  • Multiple Tube Fermentation method

  • Membrane Filter Method

  • DPD

  • Colilert Method

Explanation

Question 79 of 100

1

What is the definition of a public water system?

Select one of the following:

  • Publicly or privately owned water system that has at least 15 service connections, or regularly serves and average of at least 25 people daily at least 60 days per year

  • Publicly or privately owned water system that has at least 25 service connections, or regularly serves and average of at least 25 people daily at least 60 days per year

  • Publicly or privately owned water system that has at least 35 service connections, or regularly serves and average of at least 25 people daily at least 60 days per year

  • Publicly or privately owned water system that has at least 45 service connections, or regularly serves and average of at least 25 people daily at least 60 days per year

Explanation

Question 80 of 100

1

When is Brilliant Green Bile used to test for coliform?

Select one of the following:

  • Membrane Filter Method

  • Multiple Tube Fermentation method

  • Colisure Method

  • MF Method - Escherichia coli

Explanation

Question 81 of 100

1

Which of the following is the correct order of treatment for a conventional water treatment plant?

Select one of the following:

  • Intake, Coagulation, Flocculation, Filtration, Sedimentation, Disinfection

  • Intake, Flocculation, Coagulation, Filtration, Sedimentation, Disinfection

  • Intake, Coagulation, Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration, Disinfection

  • Intake, Flocculation, Sedimentation, Coagulation, Filtration, Disinfection

Explanation

Question 82 of 100

1

What might happen if insufficient amount of coagulants were injected into the flash mixer?

Select one of the following:

  • Excessive increase in floc size

  • Scaling becomes a problem

  • Worsens DBP problem

  • Some colloids may repel each other

Explanation

Question 83 of 100

1

Which of the following is a grab sample?

Select one of the following:

  • Time proportional

  • Sample taken on a one time basis without consideration of flow or time

  • Flow proportional

  • A collection of numerous individual discrete samples taken at regular intervals over a period of time

Explanation

Question 84 of 100

1

What happens over the course of a filter run time?

Select one of the following:

  • Headloss decreases

  • Headloss is unaffected

  • Headloss increases

  • Headless goes to zero

Explanation

Question 85 of 100

1

When is direct filtration used instead of conventional water treatment?

Select one of the following:

  • When source water is low in turbidity, color, and coliform

  • When source water is low in iron and manganese

  • When source water is low in nitrates

  • When source water has an ideal pH and temperature

Explanation

Question 86 of 100

1

Convert 1,210 gpm to ft3/sec

Select one of the following:

  • 1.7 ft3/s

  • 2.7 ft3/s

  • 3.9 ft3/s

  • 4.8 ft3/s

Explanation

Question 87 of 100

2

If a tank with a diameter of 60 feet, and a height of 30 feet is filled at a rate of 1,303 gpm, then how long will it take to fill this tank? Assume the tank was empty.

Select one of the following:

  • 4.0 hours

  • 9.8 hours

  • 3.5 hours

  • 8.1 hours

Explanation

Question 88 of 100

2

How many 150-lb chlorine gas cylinders will you need per day to dose the water supply at 1.6 mg/L if the demand for water in a 24-hour period is 11,166,264 gallons?

Select one of the following:

  • 3 cylinders

  • 2 cylinders

  • 1 cylinder

  • 4 cylinders

Explanation

Question 89 of 100

2

If the discharge pipe at a pump station is located 32 feet below the City Hall, what must the pressure be in the discharge pipe so that the water reaches the City Hall at a pressure of 62 psi? Assume that pipe friction and head loss are negligible.

Select one of the following:

  • 75.9 psi

  • 53.4 psi

  • 62.7 psi

  • 59.2 psi

Explanation

Question 90 of 100

2

If a well has a static water level of 62 feet and a pumping water level of 83 feet, then what is the specific capacity if the well yield is 1,000 gpm?

Select one of the following:

  • 32 gpm/ft

  • 47.6 gpm/ft

  • 56.7 gpm/ft

  • 65.1 gpm/ft

Explanation

Question 91 of 100

2

IF a 25% copper sulfate solution is added to a reservoir with a volume of 400,000 cubic feet, and the intended dose is 0.4 mg/L, then what is the amount of copper sulfate solution required in lbs?

Select one of the following:

  • 29.9 lbs.

  • 45.2 lbs.

  • 39.9 lbs.

  • 67.8 lbs.

Explanation

Question 92 of 100

2

A pump with an efficiency of 77% and a motor of 91% are used to lift water 52 feet at a rate of 500 gpm. If the electrical unit cost is $0.14 kWh, then what is the daily cost to operate the pump and motor? Assume the equipment runs 24 hours/day.

Select one of the following:

  • $19.21

  • $41.25

  • $32.25

  • $23.52

Explanation

Question 93 of 100

2

If a rectangular basin that is 50 feet long and 30 feet wide has a water level of 2 feet at 11 a.m., and rises to a water level of 20 feet at 6 p.m., then what is the pumping rate?

Select one of the following:

  • 580.9 gpm

  • 480 gpm

  • 621.7 gpm

  • 348.1 gpm

Explanation

Question 94 of 100

2

A steel tank with a diameter of 45 feet and a height of 25 feet is draining at a flow rate of 342 gpm. What is the pressure 18 inches from the bottom of the tank, 4.2 hours later? Assume that the tank is initially full.

Select one of the following:

  • 17 psi

  • 12 psi

  • 7 psi

  • 2.5 psi

Explanation

Question 95 of 100

2

How many pounds of 25% copper sulfate solution do you need to make 145 pounds of 3% copper sulfate solution?

Select one of the following:

  • 17.4 lbs

  • 19.8 lbs

  • 21.3 lbs

  • 14.7 lbs

Explanation

Question 96 of 100

2

If you are required to have a chlorine dose of 1.7 mg/L in a 3-million gallon steel tank, then how many gallons of a 12.5% sodium hypochlorite solution will need to be injected? Assume the specific weight of the chemical is 10lbs/gallon, and that the tank is 40% full. There is not chlorine in the water prior to dosage.

Select one of the following:

  • 3.6 gallons

  • 1.7 gallons

  • 13.6 gallons

  • 4.2 gallons

Explanation

Question 97 of 100

2

If the surface dimensions of a sand filtration bed are 35 feet (length) and 30 feet (width), then what is the filtration rate if the flow is 2,525 gallons per minute?

Select one of the following:

  • 1.9 GPM/sq. ft.

  • 4.2 GPM/sq. ft.

  • 3.5 GPM/sq. ft.

  • 2.4 GPM/sq. ft.

Explanation

Question 98 of 100

2

If the desired concentration of chlorine in a 2-million gallon welded steel tank is 2 mg/L, then how many pounds of 65% calcium hypochlorite tablet must be placed inside the tank?

Select one of the following:

  • 59 lbs

  • 51 lbs

  • 69 lbs

  • 40 lbs

Explanation

Question 99 of 100

2

If the velocity of water in a 6-inch pipe is 4.5 ft/s, then what is the velocity of the water if the pipe transitions to a 8 -inch pipe?

Select one of the following:

  • 2.5 ft/s

  • 5 ft/s

  • 1.9 ft/s

  • 6.4 ft/s

Explanation

Question 100 of 100

2

If 1.2 MGD of water flows through a rectangular sedimentation basin that is 55 feet long and 30 feet wide, then what is the overflow rate?

Select one of the following:

  • 0.24 GPM/sq. ft.

  • 0.51 GPM/sq. ft.

  • 0.68 GPM/sq. ft.

  • 041 GPM/sq. ft.

Explanation