Cell Biology Chapter 2

Compounds

element properties

the formation and function of molecules

Chemical bonds

Formic acid

Chemicals in relation to insects

Matter

Element

compound

Essential elements

Essential elements that are 96% of living matter

Essential elements that are 4% of living matter

trace elements

what is the trace element that is needed by all forms of life?

What is Goiter?

What causes Goiter to happen?

What are the essential elements that are needed by humans?

What are the trace elements that are needed by humans?

What is the chemical connection to biology?

What are the elements of life?

How did the tolerance to toxic elements evolve?

Atom

What are subatomic particles?

Proton

Neutron

Electron

atomic nucleus

Where are electrons found?

Proton and neutron mass

atomic number

mass number

atomic mass

What are isotopes?

stable isotopes

decay

radioactive isotope

radioactive isotopes as diagnostic tools in medicine

tracers

What is radiometric dating?

half-life of an isotope

energy

Potential energy

Does matter tend to move towards the lowest or highest possible state of energy?

potential energy of an electron

can electrons exist between energy levels?

kinetic energy

electron shells

how do electrons move from one electron shell to another?

When an electron ABSORBS energy, does it move toward the nucleus or away from the nucleus?

valence electrons

When an atom has a full valence shell is it reactive or nonreactive?

electron orbital

S - orbital
what is its shape?)

P - orbital
(what is its shape?)

chemical bonds

how do atoms with incomplete valence shells acquire complete valence shells?

Valence

What is a covalent bond?

Molecule

Lewis dot structure

Structural formula

double bond

electronegativity

non-polar covalent bond

Polar covalent bond

ion

cation

anion

ionic bond

ionic compounds

what effects the strength of ionic bonds?

Weak bond

The reversibility of weak bonds as an advantage

When is an ionic bond weak?

hydrogen bonds

Vander Waals interactions

Are electrons evenly distributed when involved in a Vander Waals interaction?

where do Vander Waals interactions occur?

molecular shape

a molecule with only two atoms is what...?

tetrahedron

molecular shape

endorphins

morphine

Chemical reactions

reactants

products

Matter is conserved in a chemical reaction.
True or False

Concentration of the reactants affects the rate of reaction.
True or False

chemical equilibrium

What is the smallest unit of matter?
AND
What are its particles?

Atomic mass vs. Atomic number

Ionic bonds vs. covalent bonds

Name two weak chemical reactions

Why do we care about the shape of molecules in biology?