Basics

Question 1 of 41

1

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In the cortex there are ( 20%, 40% ) of all neurons, but it contains ( 80%, 30% ) of the brain's mass.
In the cerebellum there are ( 50%, 20% ) of all neurons, but it contains ( 10%, 50% ) of the brain's mass.

Explanation

Question 2 of 41

1

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( 10%, 40% ) of all neurons are lost over time.

Explanation

Question 3 of 41

1

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The brain represents only ( 2-3%, 4-5% ) of the body's mass but needs ( 20%, 25% ) of the energy.

Explanation

Question 4 of 41

1

Local graded potentials

Select one or more of the following:

are weak
have a varying amplitude
are passive
provide a poor representation of the information
can travel a long distance

Explanation

Question 5 of 41

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Action potentials

Select one or more of the following:

have an amplitude of ~0.3mV
last ~1ms
are regenerative
are an all-or-nothing event
provide a good representation of the encoded information

Explanation

Question 6 of 41

1

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The problem with intracellular recordings is that they ( cannot be recorded in behaving animals, look different than normal action potent ).

Explanation

Question 7 of 41

1

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The membrane is a .

Explanation

Question 8 of 41

1

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Kation channels have a specificity, anion channels have a specificity.

Explanation

Question 9 of 41

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Ion channels can be activated by

Select one or more of the following:

stretch
heat
ligands
voltage
photons
phosphorylation

Explanation

Question 10 of 41

1

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Ohm's law: I =

Explanation

Question 11 of 41

1

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The opposite of the resistance is called .

Explanation

Question 12 of 41

1

The conductance depends on

Select one or more of the following:

channel permeability
concentration of ions in the region
temperature
valence of ions

Explanation

Question 13 of 41

1

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The equilibrium potential is the potential at which the due to difference and ion flux due to the gradient balance each other so that there is no movement of ions and no net current.

Explanation

Question 14 of 41

1

The Nernst equation depends on

Select one or more of the following:

the ion concentration
the valence of ions
the channel permeability
the conductance of the specific ion channels
the temperature

Explanation

Question 15 of 41

1

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The is the state in which the total concentrations of soluble particles is equal inside and outside of the cell.

Explanation

Question 16 of 41

1

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Since the charges collect at the membrane it has the properties of a , while and space remain neutral.

Explanation

Question 17 of 41

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The driving force:

Explanation

Question 18 of 41

1

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In the equilibrium state there is no , therefore the different ion-currents add up to .

Explanation

Question 19 of 41

1

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The sodium-potassium pump (Na-K ATPase) transports ( 3, 2, 1, 4 ) Na+ ( out, in ) and ( 2, 1, 3, 4 ) K+ ( in, out ).
It uses ( 1, 2, 3 ) ATP.

Explanation

Question 20 of 41

1

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I_Na / I_K = -/

Explanation

Question 21 of 41

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The depolarization is due to the ( influx, outflux ) of ( sodium, potassium, calcium ).
The hyperpolarization is due to the ( outflux, influx ) of ( potassium, sodium, calcium ).

Explanation

Question 22 of 41

1

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The absolute refractory period can be explained by the ( inactivation, activation ) of ( sodium, potassium, calcium ) channels.
The relative refractory period can be explained by the extended ( opening, closing ) of ( potassium, sodium, calcium ) channels.

Explanation

Question 23 of 41

1

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An action potential can only travel in one direction due to the inactivated ( sodium, potassium, calcium ) channels.

Explanation

Question 24 of 41

1

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The length constant depends on the resistance per unit length and the resistance per unit length.

Explanation

Question 25 of 41

1

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A large length constant means a ( higher, lower ) speed.

Explanation

Question 26 of 41

1

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The length constant can be increased by:
(a) ( decreasing, increasing ) the internal resistance by ( thicker, thinner ) axons
(b) ( increasing, decreasing ) the membrane resistance by ( improved, poorer ) insulation

Explanation

Question 27 of 41

1

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In the CNS myelin is formed by .
In the PNS myelin is formed by .

Explanation

Question 28 of 41

1

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?

Explanation

Question 29 of 41

1

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The fact that the action potential in an insulated axon jumps from node to node is called the propagation of action potentials.

Explanation

Question 30 of 41

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The highest observed speed of an action potential happened in a shrimp and was about ( 200, 150, 100, 250 ) m/s.

Explanation

Question 31 of 41

1

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Electric synapses are formed by .

Explanation

Question 32 of 41

1

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Most electric synapses are ( bidirectional, unidirectional ).
The synaptic transmission happens ( almost instantaneous, with a delay ) and ( also sub-threshold potentials, only sup-threshold potentials ) can be transmitted.

Explanation

Question 33 of 41

1

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Chemical synapses contain for energy supply and that carry neurotransmitters.

Explanation

Question 34 of 41

1

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Signal transmission at a chemical synapse:

(1) The arrival of an action potential opens voltage-gated ( calcium, sodium, potassium )-channels.
(2) The increase of calcium-ions triggers the release of neurotransmitters through ( exocytosis, endocytosis ) of synaptic vesicles into the ( synaptic cleft, synaptic gap, synaptic fissure ).
(3) The neurotransmitters bin to receptors and ( open, close ) channels.

The used neurotransmitters get either reabsorbed into the ( presynaptic, postsynaptic ) cell or broken down metabolically.

Explanation

Question 35 of 41

1

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The signal transmission through transmitter-gated ion channels happens ( fast and transient, slow and is long lasting ). This is also called ( direct, indirect ) gating.

There is also ( G-protein-coupled, F-enzyme-coupled, H-molecule-coupled ) receptors, which is ( slower, longer lasting, faster, more transient ) and can have more diverse effects (e.g. an amplification of the signal).
This is also called ( indirect, direct ) gating.

Explanation

Question 36 of 41

1

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Postsynaptic potentials are ( graded, fixed ).

The most important neurotransmitters for EPSPs are:
- ( glutamate, GABA, glycine ) in the CNS
- ( acetylcholine, glutamate, glycine ) for skeletal muscles

The most important neurotransmitters for IPSPs are:
- ( GABA, glutamate )
- ( glycine, glutamate )
- ( acetylcholine, glutamate ) for smooth muscles (e.g. the heart)

Explanation

Question 37 of 41

1

Click on each orange point and write the correct answer.

Which figure represents spatial summation and which represents temporal summation?

Explanation

Question 38 of 41

1

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The membrane potential is a consequence of an ion ( imbalance, balance ) on both sides of a ( selectively permeable, impermeable, permeable ) membrane.

The properties of an action potential result from the dynamics of ( ion channels, the synapses, the axon, Schwann cells ).

(Chemical) synapses transmit ( electric potentials, chemical signals, neurotransmitters ) from the pre- to the postsynaptic cell by triggering a gating mechanism of specialized ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane.

Explanation

Question 39 of 41

1

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% of the cells in the brain are neurons, % are glia cells.

Explanation

Question 40 of 41

1

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Each neuron receives input and sends output from/to approximately neurons.

Explanation

Question 41 of 41

1

	Created by Lukas Paulun about 6 years ago

Master Neuroscience (From Membrane to Brain [Lecture]) Quiz on Basics, created by Lukas Paulun on 08/11/2018.

Question 1 of 41

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

In the cortex there are 20% 40%( 20%, 40% ) of all neurons, but it contains 80% 30%( 80%, 30% ) of the brain's mass. In the cerebellum there are 50% 20%( 50%, 20% ) of all neurons, but it contains 10% 50%( 10%, 50% ) of the brain's mass.

Explanation

Question 2 of 41

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10% 40%( 10%, 40% ) of all neurons are lost over time.

Explanation

Question 3 of 41

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The brain represents only 2-3% 4-5%( 2-3%, 4-5% ) of the body's mass but needs 20% 25%( 20%, 25% ) of the energy.

Explanation

Question 4 of 41

Local graded potentials

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 41

Action potentials

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 6 of 41

Select from the dropdown list to complete the text.

The problem with intracellular recordings is that they cannot be recorded in behaving animals look different than normal action potent( cannot be recorded in behaving animals, look different than normal action potent ).

Explanation

Question 7 of 41

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The membrane is a .

Explanation

Question 8 of 41

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Kation channels have a specificity, anion channels have a specificity.

Explanation

Question 9 of 41

Ion channels can be activated by

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 41

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Ohm's law: I =

Explanation

Question 11 of 41

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The opposite of the resistance is called .

Explanation

Question 12 of 41

The conductance depends on

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 41

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The equilibrium potential is the potential at which the due to difference and ion flux due to the gradient balance each other so that there is no movement of ions and no net current.

Explanation

Question 14 of 41

The Nernst equation depends on

Select one or more of the following:

Explanation

Question 15 of 41

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The is the state in which the total concentrations of soluble particles is equal inside and outside of the cell.

Explanation

Question 16 of 41

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Since the charges collect at the membrane it has the properties of a , while and space remain neutral.

Explanation

Question 17 of 41

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The driving force:

Explanation

Question 18 of 41

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

In the equilibrium state there is no , therefore the different ion-currents add up to .

Explanation

Question 19 of 41

Select from the dropdown lists to complete the text.

The sodium-potassium pump (Na-K ATPase) transports 3 2 1 4( 3, 2, 1, 4 ) Na+ out in( out, in ) and 2 1 3 4( 2, 1, 3, 4 ) K+ in out( in, out ). It uses 1 2 3( 1, 2, 3 ) ATP.

Explanation

Question 20 of 41

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

In the cortex there are ( 20%, 40% ) of all neurons, but it contains ( 80%, 30% ) of the brain's mass.
In the cerebellum there are ( 50%, 20% ) of all neurons, but it contains ( 10%, 50% ) of the brain's mass.

( 10%, 40% ) of all neurons are lost over time.

The brain represents only ( 2-3%, 4-5% ) of the body's mass but needs ( 20%, 25% ) of the energy.

The problem with intracellular recordings is that they ( cannot be recorded in behaving animals, look different than normal action potent ).

The sodium-potassium pump (Na-K ATPase) transports ( 3, 2, 1, 4 ) Na+ ( out, in ) and ( 2, 1, 3, 4 ) K+ ( in, out ).
It uses ( 1, 2, 3 ) ATP.

The depolarization is due to the ( influx, outflux ) of ( sodium, potassium, calcium ).
The hyperpolarization is due to the ( outflux, influx ) of ( potassium, sodium, calcium ).

An action potential can only travel in one direction due to the inactivated ( sodium, potassium, calcium ) channels.

A large length constant means a ( higher, lower ) speed.

The length constant can be increased by:
(a) ( decreasing, increasing ) the internal resistance by ( thicker, thinner ) axons
(b) ( increasing, decreasing ) the membrane resistance by ( improved, poorer ) insulation

In the CNS myelin is formed by .
In the PNS myelin is formed by .

The highest observed speed of an action potential happened in a shrimp and was about ( 200, 150, 100, 250 ) m/s.