Hemodialysis is a method for:
Determination of serum proteins by blood dialysis
Removing toxins from patient’s blood
investigating brain hemodynamics
Does speed of dialysis depend on the conductance of the membrane?
Yes, high conductance relates to faster dialysis
Yes, high conductance relates to slower dialysis
There is no correlation between membrane conductance and the rate of dialysis
What is the purpose of the air micro-bubble detector in the hemodialysis machine?
To check the O2 level in the blood
To check the levels of CO2 in the blood
To prevent gas (air) embolism
Gas embolism of blood vessels (blockage) can be explained by the:
Reynolds number Re
Blood viscosity η
Laplace pressure Δp
Toxin concentrations in blood during Hemodialysis can be modeled with an exponential decay law. Using the graph below (Fig. 2), estimate the time it takes for toxin concentration to decrease from 60 to 40 percent of the original.
5h
2.5 min
2.5h
During hemodialysis, the proper concentration of electrolytes in the dialysate (dialyzing solution) is evaluated continuously by measuring the conductivity of the solution. If conductivity DECREASES, that means:
There are more electrolytes
There are air bubbles
There are less electrolytes
What type of membrane is commonly used for hemodialysis?
Artificial semipermeable membrane
Organic semipermeable membrane
Impermeable membrane
In the dialysis column, blood and dialysate travel in:
The same direction
Opposite directions
Blood travels while the dialysate stays still
During hemodialysis, why is it important to keep blood pressure higher than dialysate pressure?
To force toxic substances from the blood into the dialysate
To prevent backflow of substances from dialysate solution into the blood
To facilitate ultrafiltration (remove excess water out of the blood stream)
During hemodialysis, is it necessary for the dialysate solution to be hypertonic?
Yes, because this way ions will flow back into the blood
Not necessary, because it could can have negative effects on the dialysis
It is necessary, in order not to slow down the dialysis
Osmosis is:
Movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane into a region with higher solute concentration
Movement of solute through a semipermeable membrane into a region with higher solvent concentration
Diffusion of water
Which of the following is absolutely necessary for the process of osmosis to occur?
Water
Semipermeable membrane
Sodium ions