Emilie Dandan
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Embryology Quiz on Cardiovascular System, created by Emilie Dandan on 29/11/2018.

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Emilie Dandan
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Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System

Question 1 of 38

1

There are about _______ genes that are involved in the development of the mammalian heart.

Select one of the following:

  • 10

  • 50

  • 100

  • 500

  • 1000

Explanation

Question 2 of 38

1

All of the following are names of paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4-week embryo except:

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary veins

  • Umbilical veins

  • Vitelline veins

  • Cardinal veins

Explanation

Question 3 of 38

1

The incidence of congenital heart defects is:

Select one of the following:

  • 1/100 live births

  • 1/200 live births

  • 1/500 live births

Explanation

Question 4 of 38

1

The most common cause of an isolated congenital heart defect is:

Select one of the following:

  • Chromosome abnormality

  • Teratogen exposure

  • Sporadic/Multifactorial etiology

  • Maternal malnutrition

Explanation

Question 5 of 38

1

When a heart defect is seen on ultrasound there is an approximately _____% chance of a chromosome abnormality.

Select one of the following:

  • 1%

  • 10%

  • 20%

  • 50%

Explanation

Question 6 of 38

1

The _________________ is a structure that allows blood to be exchanged between the L and R atria during fetal life but after birth it functionally closes.

Select one of the following:

  • Ductus arteriosus

  • Septum secundum

  • Foramen ovale

  • Ductus venosus

Explanation

Question 7 of 38

1

Which of the following is NOT associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?

Select one of the following:

  • Pulmonary Stenosis

  • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

  • Overriding Aorta

  • Ventricular Septal Defect

  • Endocardial cushion defect

Explanation

Question 8 of 38

1

The most common type of congenital heart defect is:

Select one of the following:

  • Atrial Septal Defect

  • Ventricular Septal Defect

  • Tetralogy of Fallot

  • Coarctation of the Aorta

Explanation

Question 9 of 38

1

Patent ductus arteriosus is an acyanotic heart defect. When isolated it can cause clinical problems, however, when it occurs alongside/as part of the following defect it is a lifesaving anomaly.

Select one of the following:

  • Transposition of the Great Arteries

  • Tetralogy of Fallot

  • Ventricular Septal Defect

  • Tricuspid insufficiency

Explanation

Question 10 of 38

1

Which of the following cardiac anomalies can be congenital OR acquired?

Select one of the following:

  • Patent Ductus Arteriosus

  • Ventricular Septal Defect

  • Mitral valve prolapse

  • Aortic valve stenosis

Explanation

Question 11 of 38

1

Which of the following cyanotic heart defects is the most common cause of cyanosis in neonates?

Select one of the following:

  • Truncus arteriosus

  • Transposition of the Great Arteries

  • Tricuspid Insufficiency

  • Tetralogy of Fallot

  • Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Explanation

Question 12 of 38

1

Select all of the paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4 week embryo:

Select one or more of the following:

  • Cardinal Veins

  • Vitelline Veins

  • Umbilical Veins

  • Ductal Veins

Explanation

Question 13 of 38

1

Intersegmental arteries carry blood to the:

Select one of the following:

  • Primordial gut and eventually foregut, midgut and hindgut

  • Connecting stalk and become continuous with vessels in chorion

  • Somites and their derivatives

Explanation

Question 14 of 38

1

All of the following statements are true regarding atrial septal defects (ASDs) except:

Select one of the following:

  • They are more common in females than males.

  • The most common type of ASD is patent foramen ovale.

  • Endocardial cushion defects are often isolated and rarely associated with genetic conditions.

  • The most common ASD is well tolerated through childhood and may not present with symptoms until the 30s (pulmonary hypertension).

  • Sinus venosus defect and common atrium are rare types of ASDs.

Explanation

Question 15 of 38

1

All of the following statements are true regarding ventricular septal defects (VSDs) except:

Select one of the following:

  • They are more common in males than females.

  • The most common type of VSD is membranous VSD.

  • They account for about 25% of all congenital heart defects.

  • A small percentage (<5%) will spontaneously close within the first year of life while the rest require surgical correction.

  • Large VSDs with excessive pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary HTN can result in cardiac failure in infancy.

Explanation

Question 16 of 38

1

Which of the following congenital heart defects usually results in infant death within the first few weeks of life:

Select one of the following:

  • Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

  • Tetralogy of Fallot

  • Patent Foramen Ovale

  • Muscular VSD

Explanation

Question 17 of 38

1

Which of the following structures is NOT a fetal adaptation? (i.e. a structure that is necessary for fetal circulation/normal cardiac function but not for postnatal function)

Select one of the following:

  • Ductus venosus

  • Septum secundum

  • Ductus arteriosus

  • Foramen ovale

Explanation

Question 18 of 38

1

The cardiovascular system is the first major system to function in the embryo.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 19 of 38

1

Neural crest cells along with primordial heart cells work together to develop the fetal heart.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 20 of 38

1

The inferior vena cava (IVC) is composed of 3 main segments and all of them are vitelline in nature (i.e. arising from the same embryonic tissue).

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 21 of 38

1

There are many physiological differences between fetal and neonatal circulation.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 22 of 38

1

Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however it is not always present at birth.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 23 of 38

1

If you identify a cystic hygroma/large NT measurement on ultrasound, most of the time it will be due to an underlying chromosome abnormality.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 24 of 38

1

The three vessels of the umbilical cord originate from the same embryonic structure.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 25 of 38

1

By the end of the 4th week circulation is no longer ebb-and-flow like and is instead moving in unidirectional flow.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 26 of 38

1

Aortic valve stenosis is always a congenital anomaly and can be detected shortly after birth.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 27 of 38

1

Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however, it is not always present at birth.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 28 of 38

1

Several of the fetal blood vessels that are no longer required after birth remain as functional ligaments supporting their surrounding structures.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 29 of 38

1

A baby’s heart beats at a rate about twice as fast of an average adult.

Select one of the following:

  • True
  • False

Explanation

Question 30 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The tubular heart undergoes a -handed looping at approximately 23-28 days forming a D-loop that results in heart with apex pointing to the left.

Explanation

Question 31 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The is one of the fetal adaptations; a structure resulting in the incomplete partition between the atria.

Explanation

Question 32 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is an congenital heart defect associated with pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect.

Explanation

Question 33 of 38

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The names of the AV valves (the valves separating the atria from their respective ventricles) are the and the valve.

Explanation

Question 34 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

Transposition of the great vessels is a common cause of cyanotic heart disease in neonates. What is an associated CHD that improves the outcome of infants with transposition of great vessels:

Explanation

Question 35 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The most common type of atrial septal defect is

Explanation

Question 36 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The 1st morphologic sign of gastrulation is the , which makes it possible to identify the craniocaudal axis, dorsal and ventral surfaces, and right and left sides.

Explanation

Question 37 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the of fetal circulation (i.e. one of the fetal adaptations). Usually it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the liver and may be continuous with the round ligament of the liver.

Explanation

Question 38 of 38

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

is a lymphatic defect that is associated with chromosomal aneuploidy and poor pregnancy outcomes.

Explanation

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