Martin Vangen
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Quiz on Neurophys MD2024, created by Martin Vangen on 11/12/2018.

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Martin Vangen
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Neurophys MD2024

Neurophys MD2024

Question 1 of 100

1

What is the correct statement about the dorsal column?

Select one of the following:

  • It is stimulated by crude touch and pressure 

  • Receptors on Golgi tendon organ is stimulated within the muscle spindle 

  • It is stimulated by pain and temperature  

  • Alpha-motoneuron goes to the extrafusal fibers 

  • Has two points discrimination

Explanation

Question 2 of 100

1

Where does neurogenesis take place?

Select one of the following:

  • Hippocampus

  • Spinal cord

  • Frontal lobe

  • Cerebellum

  • Thalamus

Explanation

Question 3 of 100

1

Kluver-Bucy syndrome is:

Select one of the following:

  • Lesion of ventral hypothalamus

  • Loss of fear as well as hypersexuality

  • Calmness

  • Increased emotional expression

  • Lesion to hippocampus

Explanation

Question 4 of 100

1

What is the major role of the astrocytes?

Select one of the following:

  • Produce myelination of the axons

  • Protection of neurons and production of enzymatic CSF 

  • Support of neural cells

  • Interconnecting the neurons 

  • Produce the blood-brain barrier

Explanation

Question 5 of 100

1

What is the definition of the RP (receptor potential)?

Select one of the following:

  • “All or none” principle

  • Amplitude increase with increased intensity of stimulus

  • Frequency increase with increased intensity of stimulus

  • Amplitude decrease with increased intensity of stimulus

  • Frequency decrease with increased intensity of stimulus

Explanation

Question 6 of 100

1

What is the correct definition of declarative (explicit) memory?

Select one of the following:

  • Memory not involving the hippocampus

  • Not associated with consciousness (awareness)

  • Associated with consciousness (awareness)

  • Associated with skills and habits

  • Divided into associative and non-associative learning

Explanation

Question 7 of 100

1

What structures passes through the medial brainstem?

Select one of the following:

  • Cerebral peduncle

  • Reticular formation

  • Dorsal column

  • Substantia nigra

Explanation

Question 8 of 100

1

What is typical for Alzheimer’s disease?

Select one of the following:

  • Remembering new events (short-term memory) and forgetting former events

  • The number of neurons is intact but the mediators for these are destroyed

  • Neurofibrillary tangles inside the neurons caused by hyperphosphorylation of tau

  • Poor long term memory, but intact short term memory

  • Neurons are intact but destruction of synapses

Explanation

Question 9 of 100

1

Which senses are carried through the dorsal column?

Select one of the following:

  • Pain and temperature

  • Crude touch and pressure

  • Fine touch, space localization and pressure

  • Vibration and pressure

  • Itching and fine touch

Explanation

Question 10 of 100

1

The reticular formation:

Select one of the following:

  • Controls voluntary movement

  • Controls involuntary movements

  • Controls levels of consciousness

  • Determine whether stimulus is important enough to wake up

  • Is located in the primary motor cortex

Explanation

Question 11 of 100

1

What is true for mirror neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • Implicated in voluntary movement

  • Located in parieto-occipital lobe

  • Fire when observing someone else perform a movement

  • Responsible only for emotion recognition

  • All above are correct

Explanation

Question 12 of 100

1

Reflex arc of inverse stretch reflex:

Select one of the following:

  • Afferent fibers are 1b fibers

  • Contracted muscle contracted, antagonist muscle relaxed

  • Contain four elements

  • Protects the body from injury

  • Is a monosynaptic reflex

Explanation

Question 13 of 100

1

Which hormones inhibit the hunger center in the brain? 

Select one of the following:

  • Ghrelin

  • Melanin

  • Neuropeptide Y

  • B-endorphins

  • Leptin

Explanation

Question 14 of 100

1

The dynamic part of the stretch reflex is responsible for:

Select one of the following:

  • Maintaining the muscle tone as a static response

  • Rapid muscle contraction to oppose sudden changes in muscle length

  • Stretching the muscle halfway

  • A weak or slow muscle contraction

  • Rapid response due to changes in primary endings on nuclear chain fibers 

Explanation

Question 15 of 100

1

Neurotrophins are:

Select one of the following:

  • Produced by neurons during neuron degeneration

  • Proteins produced by glial cells and inflammatory cells

  • Large proteins that maintain function and growth of neurons

  • Cannot induce differentiation of progenitor cells to form neurons

  • Secreted predominantly outside the target tissues

Explanation

Question 16 of 100

1

What is a function of the cerebellum?

Select one of the following:

  • Detect fine touch and pressure

  • Process sensory information from the periphery

  • Process information from thermoreceptors

  • Process and send signals to regulate movement

  • Takes part in the direct pathway of voluntary movement

Explanation

Question 17 of 100

1

What is the function of intrafusal fibers?

Select one of the following:

  • Detect change in length of extrafusal fibers

  • Transmit signals via alpha fibers

  • Have no important role in the muscle contraction

  • Responsible for contractibility of a muscle

  • Make up a large amount of skeletal (striated) muscle

Explanation

Question 18 of 100

1

Pyramidal tract transmits through:

Select one of the following:

  • Alpha motoneuron

  • Gamma motoneuron

  • Intermediate neuron

  • Sensory neuron

  • Inhibitory interneuron

Explanation

Question 19 of 100

1

REM sleep is referred with:

Select one of the following:

  • Sleep where memories can be remembered during

  • Sleep where dreams cannot be recalled

  • Deep, restful sleep

  • Increased muscle tone and decreased heart rate

  • Eye movement are at a minimum

Explanation

Question 20 of 100

1

Hormones that excite satiety (feeling full) is:

Select one of the following:

  • Leptin, Ghrelin, POMC, CART

  • Leptin, CCK, POMC, Oxytocin

  • Neuropeptide Y, Orexins A and B, Melanin

  • B-endorphins, CCK, CRH, Oxytocin, Leptin

  • Neuropeptide Y, Glucagon, GLP-1, GLP-2

Explanation

Question 21 of 100

1

Things that activate cold receptors (things that make you hot) are:

Select one of the following:

  • Sweat evaporation

  • Increased apatite

  • Cutaneous vasodilation

  • Decreased rate of physical activity

  • Increased thirst

Explanation

Question 22 of 100

1

The amygdaloidal body is responsible for:

Select one of the following:

  • Skills and habits

  • Endocrine system

  • Creating negative feelings like rage and fear

  • Controlling the pain gate system

  • Creating positive feelings like euphoria

Explanation

Question 23 of 100

1

Which statement about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • It is absorbed by the choroid plexus

  • Its absorption is independent of CSF pressure

  • It circulates in the epidural space

  • It has a lower glucose concentration than plasma

  • It has a higher protein concentration than plasma

Explanation

Question 24 of 100

1

Which statement about REM sleep is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • Is also called paradoxical sleep

  • Regular EEG waves

  • Dreams cannot be recalled

  • Decreased heart rate and respiration

  • REM sleep duration decreases with each sleep cycle

Explanation

Question 25 of 100

1

The reward system is connected with:

Select one of the following:

  • Posterior hypothalamus

  • The cholinergic system

  • The dopaminergic system

  • Involvement of entorhinal cortex

  • Ventral tegmentum and dorsal midbrain

Explanation

Question 26 of 100

1

The pain gate:

Select one of the following:

  • Glutamate and Substance P close the gate

  • Is independent on enkephalinergic system 

  • Is independent on endorphin system 

  • Enkephalin close the pain gate in the spinal cord

  • Is closed by both non-painful input and painful input

Explanation

Question 27 of 100

1

Conditioned reflexes are evoked under which conditions?

Select one of the following:

  • Unconditioned stimulus repeated many times

  • Conditioned stimulus repeated many times

  • Unconditioned and conditioned stimulus paired many times

  • Conditioned stimulus present enough without unconditioned stimulus

  • An external input is present

Explanation

Question 28 of 100

1

Which of the following statements about the prefrontal, association area is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • Planning of voluntary movement and prediction

  • Area for language comprehension

  • Area for visual language (reading)

  • Role in behavior, emotions and motivation

  • Analysis of spatial coordination

Explanation

Question 29 of 100

1

Lesion to the upper motor neurons leads to?

Select one of the following:

  • Decreased reflexes

  • Spasticity 

  • Flaccid paralysis 

  • Negative Babinski sign

  • Decreased muscle tone

  • Oscillation of muscles

Explanation

Question 30 of 100

1

Parkinson’s disease:

Select one of the following:

  • Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra 

  • Symptoms include rigidity and decreased muscle tone

  • Loss of cholinergic receptors

  • Rapid movements

  • Repeat of trinucleotide CAG on chromosome 4

Explanation

Question 31 of 100

1

What is correct about cerebellum?

Select one of the following:

  • It compares movement intended with actual movements

  • It controls posture and equilibrium 

  • Lesion leads to hypertonicity 

  • Control muscle contraction

  • All answers are correct

Explanation

Question 32 of 100

1

Cerebellum:

Select one of the following:

  • Initiate movements 

  • Directly stimulate thalamus

  • Controls levels of consciousness

  • “Decodes” the sensory signals

  • Regulation of muscle tone and spinal reflexes

Explanation

Question 33 of 100

1

Lesion to upper margin of pons will:

Select one of the following:

  • Change the regulation of brain activity

  • Result in loss of consciousness

  • Effect the reticular activation system

  • Increase muscle tone by increased signals to gamma motoneurons

  • Decreased muscle tone by increased signals to gamma motoneurons

Explanation

Question 34 of 100

1

Which is true concerning delta waves in EEG?

Select one of the following:

  • Appear at consciousness

  • Could be registered selectively from hippocampus

  • Appear in deep sleep

  • Represent sleep spindles

  • Are characterized by high amplitude and high frequency

  • Are characterized by low amplitude and high frequency

Explanation

Question 35 of 100

1

Which statement regarding REM sleep is correct?

Select one of the following:

  • Constitutes of 4 stages

  • Is characterized by sleep spindles

  • Is important for consolidation of memory 

  • Is characterized by increased muscle tone and theta waves

  • In adults occupies 80% of whole sleep

Explanation

Question 36 of 100

1

During voluntary movement, the golgi tendon organ provides the central nervous system with information about: 

Select one of the following:

  • The length of the muscle being moved

  • The velocity of the movement

  • The blood flow to the muscle being moved

  • The tension developed by the muscle being moved

  • The change in joint angle produced by the movement

Explanation

Question 37 of 100

1

Repetitive stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber will cause an increased contractile strength because repetitive stimulation causes an increase in: 

Select one of the following:

  • The duration of cross bridge cycling

  • The concentration of calcium in the sarcoplasm

  • The magnitude of the end plate potential

  • The number of muscle myofibrils generating tension

  • The velocity of the muscle contraction

Explanation

Question 38 of 100

1

Conduction aphasia is likely to be associated with a lesion of the:

Select one of the following:

  • Wernicke’s area 22

  • Parietal lobe

  • Frontal lobe

  • Arcuate fasciculus

  • Corticospinal tract

Explanation

Question 39 of 100

1

Most important role of gamma-motoneurons is to:

Select one of the following:

  • Stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract

  • Maintain Ia afferent activity during contraction of muscle

  • Generate activity in Ib afferent fibers

  • Detect the length of resting skeletal muscle

  • Prevent muscles from producing too much force

Explanation

Question 40 of 100

1

Transmission through the anterolateral pathway ultimately ends up in the:

Select one of the following:

  • Primary motor cortex

  • Premotor cortex

  • Supplementary motor cortex

  • Somatosensory cortex SI and SII

  • Posterior parietal cortex

Explanation

Question 41 of 100

1

Kluver-Bucy syndrome will give what symptoms?

Select one of the following:

  • Diminished fear

  • Loss in apatite

  • Better memory recollection

  • Loss of balance

  • Increased ability to identify familiar objects or people

Explanation

Question 42 of 100

1

Final common pathway is another term for?

Select one of the following:

  • Higher motor neurons

  • Lower motor neurons

  • Effector organs

  • Integration center

  • Renshaw cells

Explanation

Question 43 of 100

1

Role of mirror neurons?

Select one of the following:

  • Fire when performing a voluntary task

  • Activated when watching someone perform ask

  • Is responsible for emotion recognition in other people

  • Can be found in the frontal or parietal lobe

  • All are correct

Explanation

Question 44 of 100

1

What characterizes alpha waves?

Select one of the following:

  • Have the highest frequency waves

  • They appear when studying for a test

  • They appear when you close your eyes

  • They appear only during deep sleep

  • They appear when awake and open eyes

Explanation

Question 45 of 100

1

What is the main reason for Huntington’s disease?

Select one of the following:

  • Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra

  • Repeat of trinucleotide CAG on chromosome 5

  • Repeat of trinucleotide CAT on chromosome 4

  • Increased Cholinergic and GABA release

  • Decrease in GABAergic and cholinergic release

Explanation

Question 46 of 100

1

An abnormal Babinski reflex indicates damage to the:

Select one of the following:

  • Spinal cord

  • Brainstem

  • Cerebellum

  • Basal ganglia

  • Pyramids

Explanation

Question 47 of 100

1

Which fibers contract in the myotatic reflex?

Select one of the following:

  • Extrafusal muscle fibers

  • Intrafusal muscle fibers

  • Nuclear bag fibers

  • Nuclear chain fibers

  • Alpha fibers

Explanation

Question 48 of 100

1

What is the name of the phenomenon of “referred pain”?

Select one of the following:

  • Hyperalgesia

  • Dermatome theory

  • Alternate theory

  • Facilitation

  • Stereognosis

Explanation

Question 49 of 100

1

Which part of the brain is responsible for mathematical calculation and fact numbers?

Select one of the following:

  • Frontal and occipital

  • Frontal and parietal

  • Temporal and frontal

  • Temporal and parietal

  • Parietal and occipital

Explanation

Question 50 of 100

1

Lesion to upper motor neuron:

Select one of the following:

  • Negative Babinski sign

  • Loss of involuntary movement

  • Decreased muscle tone

  • Increased muscle tone

  • Fasciculation

Explanation

Question 51 of 100

1

All of the following are symptoms of cerebellar lesion except:

Select one of the following:

  • Rigidity

  • Nystagmus

  • Ataxia

  • Adiadochokinesia

  • Intention tremor

Explanation

Question 52 of 100

1

The majority of fibers from the thalamus goes toward the:

Select one of the following:

  • Cerebellum

  • Association cortex

  • Premotor cortex

  • Reticular nuclei

  • Primary somatosensory cortex

Explanation

Question 53 of 100

1

Which structure is not at the level of the medulla oblongata?

Select one of the following:

  • Cuneate nucleus

  • Abducent nucleus

  • Red nucleus

  • Facial nucleus

  • Reticular formation

Explanation

Question 54 of 100

1

What are the steps involved in the inverse stretch reflex?

Select one of the following:

  • Golgi tendon  monosynaptic pathway  contracted muscle stretched and antagonist muscle relaxed

  • Free nerve endings  polysynaptic pathway  inhibition of extensor and stimulation of flexor

  • Muscle spindle  monosynaptic pathway  extrafusal muscle fibers are stimulated

  • Golgi tendon  disynaptic pathway  contracted muscle relaxed and antagonist muscle contracted

Explanation

Question 55 of 100

1

Left hemisphere lesion is mainly responsible for:

Select one of the following:

  • Good feelings such as euphoria

  • Language disorder and depression

  • Loss of visualization of shapes and vision

  • Loss of sensation from the left side of the body

  • Less identification of form of objects and faces

Explanation

Question 56 of 100

1

Which of the following hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for controlling the normal circadian rhythm?

Select one of the following:

  • Paraventricular nucleus

  • Ventromedial nucleus

  • Arcuate nucleus

  • Lateral nucleus

  • Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Explanation

Question 57 of 100

1

Decerebrate rigidity:

Select one of the following:

  • Happens during Parkinson’s disease, when reduced inhibition by dopamine causes excitation of vestibular nuclei

  • Transsection of the brain stem at the medulla oblongata

  • Will cause increased muscle tone

  • Happens when descending signals to gamma motoneurons is increased which increases muscle tone

  • Is due to lesion of the upper pons and increased sensory sensitivity

Explanation

Question 58 of 100

1

Neurogenesis means:

Select one of the following:

  • That stem cells in the olfactory bulb can grow into new nerve cells

  • That stem cells in the hippocampus are involved in memory

  • That neurons are produced by neural stem cells

  • Glial cells can be produced and some new cells go through apoptosis

  • All correct

Explanation

Question 59 of 100

1

Which of the following statements is correct regarding neurotrophins?

Select one of the following:

  • NGF attaching to p75NT and Trk A prevents apoptosis

  • NGF attaching to p75NT and Trk A promotes cell survival

  • Neurotrophins are transported back from target nucleus by anterograde transport

  • Neurotrophins belongs to a large protein family

  • Neurotrophic receptors can be either p65 or Trk family

Explanation

Question 60 of 100

1

Plasticity means:

Select one of the following:

  • Topographical representation changes with experience

  • Sensory neurons to cortex can change with usage

  • Functions of different parts can change as needed

  • Sensory unit connections to cerebral cortex stays the same without use

  • Synaptic receptors become more sensitive

Explanation

Question 61 of 100

1

Cutting which of the following fibers can cause spastic paralysis?

Select one of the following:

  • Corticospinal fibers

  • Vestibulospinal fibers

  • Reticulospinal fibers

  • Spinothalamic fibers

  • Ia afferent fibers

  • Corticoreticular fibers

Explanation

Question 62 of 100

1

The center of the reward system is the:

Select one of the following:

  • Ventral tegmentum

  • Dorsal brain stem

  • Nucleus accumbens

  • Posterior hypothalamus

  • Dorsal midbrain

Explanation

Question 63 of 100

1

The sympathetic system involves:

Select one of the following:

  • Bronchiole dilation

  • Erection

  • Pupil constriction

  • Accommodation for short vision

  • Decreased heart rate

Explanation

Question 64 of 100

1

What is true about operant conditioning?

Select one of the following:

  • Discovered by Ivan Pavlov

  • Involve reward and punishment

  • The animal can learn from looking at other animal’s behavior

  • Animal learns skills by habituation

  • Is a type of non-associative learning

Explanation

Question 65 of 100

1

Mass reflex can involve the following symptom:

Select one of the following:

  • Hypotonicity

  • Dysdiadochokinesia

  • Two-point discrimination

  • Profuse sweating

  • None of the above

Explanation

Question 66 of 100

1

Where does neurogenesis take place?

Select one of the following:

  • Hippocampus

  • Spinal cord

  • Frontal lobe

  • Cerebellum

Explanation

Question 67 of 100

1

The role of the intrafusal fibers:

Select one of the following:

  • Located in the tendon, together with the tendon organ

  • Stretch of the central part of the muscle spindle following stimulation of gamma motoneurons

  • Innervated by alpha and contracted following stimulation of these neurons

  • Stimulated together with extrafusal muscle fibers

  • Only make up nuclear bag fibers

Explanation

Question 68 of 100

1

The major role of oligodendrocytes in the body is:

Select one of the following:

  • Absorption of CSF

  • Protection of nerves

  • Blood-brain barrier

  • Nourishment

  • None of the mentioned

Explanation

Question 69 of 100

1

Mass reflex can involve which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • Loss of muscle tone

  • Rigidity

  • Muscle hypotrophy

  • Incontinence of urine

  • None of the mentioned

Explanation

Question 70 of 100

1

Referred pain is caused by:

Select one of the following:

  • Stereognosis

  • Facilitation

  • Hyperalgesia

  • Same dermatome origin

  • None of the mentioned

Explanation

Question 71 of 100

1

What does the anterolateral pathway transmit?

Select one of the following:

  • Fine touch sensation

  • Crude touch and temperature

  • Sensation from two points at once

  • Vibration and pressure sensation

  • Kinesthesia sensation

Explanation

Question 72 of 100

1

What is characteristic for transmission in the anterolateral pathway?

Select one of the following:

  • High velocity

  • Only temperature and pain is transmitted

  • Precise localization of sensation

  • Highly discrete localization is not required

  • Large, myelinated fibers

Explanation

Question 73 of 100

1

The precentral gyrus and corticospinal tract are essential for:

Select one of the following:

  • Vision

  • Olfaction

  • Auditory identification

  • Kinesthesia

  • Voluntary movement

Explanation

Question 74 of 100

1

During normal voluntary movement:

Select one of the following:

  • Large muscle fibers are recruited before small muscle fibers

  • Fast muscle fibers are recruited before slow muscle fibers

  • Weak muscle fibers are recruited before strong muscle fibers

  • Poorly perfused muscle fibers are recruited before richly perfused muscle fibers

  • Anaerobic fibers are recruited before aerobic fibers

Explanation

Question 75 of 100

1

Norepinephrine will cause the contraction of the smooth muscle in the:

Select one of the following:

  • Bronchioles

  • Arterioles

  • Pupils

  • Intestine

  • Ciliary body

Explanation

Question 76 of 100

1

The alpha rhythm appearing on an electroencephalogram has which of the following characteristics?

Select one of the following:

  • It produces 20 to 30 waves per second

  • It is replaced by slower, larger waves during REM sleep

  • It represents activity that is most pronounced in the frontal region of the brain

  • It disappears when patient’s eyes open

  • It is associated with deep sleep

Explanation

Question 77 of 100

1

Correct statement regarding rapid eye movement (REM) sleep include which of the following?

Select one of the following:

  • It is the first stage of sleep entered when a person falls asleep

  • It is accompanied by loss of skeletal muscle tone

  • It is characterized by a slow but steady heart rate

  • It occurs more often in adults than in children

  • It lasts longer than periods of slow-wave sleep

Explanation

Question 78 of 100

1

What nerve fibers transmit the thermal stimulus of heat and cold?

Select one of the following:

  • C-fibers

  • C-fibers and Ia fibers

  • Ib fibers

  • C-fibers and type III (A-delta fibers)

  • B-fibers

Explanation

Question 79 of 100

1

Reticular formation of brain stem is in charge of:

Select one of the following:

  • O2 consumption, respiration, temperature, circadian rhythm

  • Osmolarity, volume of extracellular fluid, glucose, appetite

  • Sequencing of movement, spatial-temporal relation

  • Secretion of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, dopamine, vasopressin

  • Heart rate, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, swallowing

Explanation

Question 80 of 100

1

Stimulation input from descending part of the reticular formation is known to produce:

Select one of the following:

  • Contraction of IF, contraction of SM

  • Stretch of IF, relaxation of SM

  • Stimulation of GP, relaxation of SM

  • Relaxation of IF, contraction of SM

  • Stretch of IF, contraction of SM

Explanation

Question 81 of 100

1

Which receptor is connected with addiction?

Select one of the following:

  • D2 receptors

  • D3 receptors

  • 5HT2 receptors

  • 5-HT receptors

  • Serotonin receptors

Explanation

Question 82 of 100

1

Lesion to what causes past-pointing, drunken and intention tremor?

Select one of the following:

  • Cerebellum

  • Thalamus

  • Hypothalamus

  • Precentral gyrus

  • Neocortex

Explanation

Question 83 of 100

1

Hyperkinetic disorder symptoms:

Select one of the following:

  • Akinesia

  • Ballism

  • Bradykinesia

  • Adiadochokinesia

  • Intention tremor

Explanation

Question 84 of 100

1

Plasticity as a symptom include:

Select one of the following:

  • Decreased muscle tone

  • Increased muscle tone

  • Abnormal absence of movement

  • Purposeless contractions that produce shaking

  • Resistance to passive stretch

Explanation

Question 85 of 100

1

Facilitation as a symptom include:

Select one of the following:

  • Decreased muscle tone

  • Increased muscle tone

  • Rapid involuntary eye movements

  • Lack of coordination

  • Disturbance of equilibrium

Explanation

Question 86 of 100

1

Increased activity of the SNS causes:

Select one of the following:

  • Pupil constriction

  • Bronchiolar dilation

  • Erection

  • Decreased heart rate

  • Ciliary muscle contraction

Explanation

Question 87 of 100

1

Presynaptic inhibition in the CNS affects the firing rate of alpha motoneurons by:

Select one of the following:

  • Increasing the chloride permeability of the presynaptic nerve ending

  • Decreasing the potassium permeability of the alpha motoneuron

  • Decreasing the frequency of action potentials by the presynaptic nerve ending

  • Increasing (hyperpolarizing) the membrane potential of the alpha motoneuron

  • Increasing the amount of neurotransmitter released by the presynaptic nerve ending

Explanation

Question 88 of 100

1

Adrenergic receptors located in the heart are types of:

Select one of the following:

  • M2 receptors

  • M3 receptors

  • Beta-1 receptors

  • Alpha-1 receptors

  • Alpha-2 receptors

Explanation

Question 89 of 100

1

An aphasia is most likely to be associated with a lesion of:

Select one of the following:

  • The hippocampus

  • The parietal lobe

  • The temporal lobe

  • The limbic system

  • The reticular formation

Explanation

Question 90 of 100

1

RAS is responsible for the following except:

Select one of the following:

  • Pain

  • Visual

  • Olfactory

  • Consciousness

  • Speech

Explanation

Question 91 of 100

1

Increased activity of the PNS causes:

Select one of the following:

  • Increased heart rate

  • Pupil constriction

  • Bronchiolar dilation

  • Ciliary muscle dilation

  • Increased sweating

Explanation

Question 92 of 100

1

Flexor withdrawal reflex is:

Select one of the following:

  • Responsible for monosynaptic excitation of ipsilateral homonymous muscle

  • Responsible for polysynaptic excitation of contralateral extensors

  • The same as inverse myotatic reflex

  • Responsible for increase in gamma-motoneuron activity

  • Responsible for disynaptic inhibition of ipsilateral extensors

Explanation

Question 93 of 100

1

Autogenic inhibition is related to:

Select one of the following:

  • Ia fibers in muscle spindle

  • Ib fibers in golgi tendon

  • Type II (A-beta fibers)

  • Type III (A-delta fibers)

  • C-fibers

Explanation

Question 94 of 100

1

Lesion of UMN leads to:

Select one of the following:

  • Loss of voluntary activity

  • Increased muscle tone

  • Spinal reflex hyperactivity

  • Babinski sign

  • All correct

Explanation

Question 95 of 100

1

Lesion of LMN leads to:

Select one of the following:

  • Decreased reflexes

  • Decreased muscle tone

  • No transmission of growth factor

  • Flaccid paralysis

  • All correct

Explanation

Question 96 of 100

1

Which pathway is a descending efferent pathway?

Select one of the following:

  • Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway

  • Anterior corticospinal tract

  • Anterior spinothalamic tract

  • Lateral spinothalamic tract

  • Posterior spinocerebellar tract

Explanation

Question 97 of 100

1

Free nerve endings contain receptors that encode the sensation of:

Select one of the following:

  • Fine touch

  • Vibration

  • Pressure

  • Temperature

  • Muscle length

Explanation

Question 98 of 100

1

Which pathway is an ascending afferent pathway?

Select one of the following:

  • Lateral spinothalamic tract

  • Lateral corticospinal tract

  • Anterior corticospinal tract

  • Reticulospinal tract

  • Vestibulospinal tract

Explanation

Question 99 of 100

1

Which one of the following hypothalamic nuclei is responsible for the detection of the core body temperature?

Select one of the following:

  • The lateral hypothalamus

  • The arcuate nucleus

  • The anterior hypothalamus

  • The paraventricular nucleus

  • The posterior nucleus

Explanation

Question 100 of 100

1

The sympathetic response in a “fight or flight” reaction causes a decrease in:

Select one of the following:

  • The arterial blood pressure

  • The diameter of the pupil

  • The resistance of the airways

  • The heart rate

  • The blood glucose concentration

Explanation

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