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Quiz on World Ocean Exam 3 Chapters 9-11, created by dftbanotes on 17/11/2014.

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World Ocean Exam 3 Chapters 9-11

Question 1 of 61

1

The compensation depth of phytoplankton in the ocean is often assumed to coincide with light levels that are about _____ of those at the surface.

Select one of the following:

  • 25%

  • 1%

  • 10%

  • 8%

Explanation

Question 2 of 61

1

Net Primary Productivity is the amount of _________ fixed by photosynthesis that exceeds the respiration needs of a plant and goes into growth

Select one of the following:

  • Glucose

  • Cellulose

  • Carbon

  • Oxygen

Explanation

Question 3 of 61

1

Compounds the contain Nitrogen, Silicon, and Phosphorous are called?

Select one of the following:

  • Piconutrients

  • Macronutrients

  • Supernutrients

  • Micronutrients

Explanation

Question 4 of 61

1

What are the chemical substances that plants need to live, but only in very small quantities?

Select one of the following:

  • Piconutrients

  • Supernutrients

  • Macronutrients

  • Micronutrients

Explanation

Question 5 of 61

1

Nutrients are regenerated in the ocean by

Select one of the following:

  • Oxidation

  • Respiration

  • Bacterial decomposition

  • Photosynthesis

Explanation

Question 6 of 61

1

The most productive areas of the ocean are characterized by

Select one of the following:

  • warm waters

  • eddies

  • upwelling

  • stagnant waters

Explanation

Question 7 of 61

1

Near surface waters off Peru are typically ____

Select one of the following:

  • Cold and nutrient rich

  • Cold and nutrient poor

  • Warm and nutrient rich

  • Warm and nutrient poor

Explanation

Question 8 of 61

1

In an El Nino year, the near surface waters off Peru become ____

Select one of the following:

  • Cold and nutrient rich

  • Cold and nutrient poor

  • Warm and nutrient rich

  • Warm and nutrient poor

Explanation

Question 9 of 61

1

Biological productivity in polar seas tends to be limited by

Select one of the following:

  • Micronutrients

  • Nitrate availability

  • Temperature levels

  • Solar energy

Explanation

Question 10 of 61

1

Tropical waters are very clear and blue because of

Select one of the following:

  • The absence of plant cells in the water

  • Lower salt content of the waters

  • The ability to reflect the sky better than cold waters

Explanation

Question 11 of 61

1

A triangular deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river is called a/an ___

Select one of the following:

  • Offshore bar

  • Distributary

  • Salt Marsh

  • Delta

Explanation

Question 12 of 61

1

The delta plain is drained by a system of channels called _____

Select one of the following:

  • Tributaries

  • Sills

  • Dikes

  • Distributaries

Explanation

Question 13 of 61

1

Which of the following lists of materials is listed in increasing order of resistance to erosion?

Select one of the following:

  • Unconsolidated Sediment, Shale, Limestone, Granite

  • Shale, Unconsolidated Sediment, Limestone, Granite

  • Limestone, Unconsolidated Sediment, Granite, Shale

  • Shale, Limestone, Unconsolidated Sediment, Granite

Explanation

Question 14 of 61

1

A __________ delta is one where waves and tides are ineffective in rearranging river deposits

Select one of the following:

  • River-Dominated

  • Wave-Dominated

  • Tide Dominated

Explanation

Question 15 of 61

1

The structure that is built to prevent or diminish sediment deposition at the mouth of a harbor is called a

Select one of the following:

  • Jetty

  • Spit

  • Pier

  • Seawall

  • Groin

Explanation

Question 16 of 61

1

Structures that are built along eroding beaches to trap sand and artificially promote accretion are called ___

Select one of the following:

  • Spits

  • Jetties

  • Seawalls

  • Piers

  • Groins

Explanation

Question 17 of 61

1

The structure that is built in front of harbors or shorelines to redirect wave energy away from the shoreline is a _____

Select one of the following:

  • Seawall

  • Pier

  • Groin

  • Breakwater

  • Jetty

Explanation

Question 18 of 61

1

Structures that are built on shore, on the assumption that they protect beaches, roads, and bluffs, from erosion are called _____

Select one of the following:

  • Groins

  • Seawalls

  • Jetties

  • Breakwaters

  • Piers

Explanation

Question 19 of 61

1

Beach nourishment relies on sand ____

Select one of the following:

  • Dredged from offshore

  • Deposited by currents

  • Quarried on land

  • Both B and C

  • Both A and C

Explanation

Question 20 of 61

1

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor of the devastation of Hurrricane Katrina in New Orleans?

Select one of the following:

  • The land on which the city stands is sinking

  • Sea level is rising

  • The city's pump stations, levees, and flood walls were not strong enough

  • All of the above were contributing factors

  • None of the above were contributing factors

Explanation

Question 21 of 61

1

In rock form, the calcium carbonate of a coral reef is called ____

Select one of the following:

  • Siltstone

  • Limestone

  • Shale

  • Sandstone

Explanation

Question 22 of 61

1

The coral animal is called a/an

Select one of the following:

  • Amoeba

  • Polyp

  • Corallite

  • Anemone

Explanation

Question 23 of 61

1

The calcium carbonate exoskeleton of a coral animal is called a/an ____

Select one of the following:

  • Theca

  • Sheath

  • Hypotheca

  • Corallite

Explanation

Question 24 of 61

1

The algae living in the tissue of coral animals is called ____

Select one of the following:

  • Chrysophytes

  • Zooxanthellae

  • Thallasia

  • Rodophytes

Explanation

Question 25 of 61

1

The most accurate term for the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae is ____

Select one of the following:

  • Commensalism

  • Parasitism

  • Symbiosis

  • Mutualism

Explanation

Question 26 of 61

1

Coral reefs require water temps of at least ___ degrees

Select one of the following:

  • 5

  • 15

  • 20

  • at least seven

Explanation

Question 27 of 61

1

Brain coral is well adapted to live on what section of the reef?

Select one of the following:

  • Buttress Zone

  • Reef Terrace

  • Patch reef

  • Algal ridge

Explanation

Question 28 of 61

1

Reefs which form limestone shores around islands and the tropical areas of continents are called ___

Select one of the following:

  • Reef Flats

  • Fringing reefs

  • Atolls

  • Barrier reefs

Explanation

Question 29 of 61

1

Reefs that are separated from land by a lagoon are called ____

Select one of the following:

  • Atolls

  • Barrier reefs

  • Reef flats

  • Fringing reefs

Explanation

Question 30 of 61

1

Circular reefs surrounding a central lagoon are called _____

Select one of the following:

  • Atolls

  • Barrier reefs

  • Fringing reefs

  • Reef flats

Explanation

Question 31 of 61

1

On average, the efficiency of trophic transfers is ______

Select one of the following:

  • 10 %

  • 30%

  • 50%

  • 75%

Explanation

Question 32 of 61

1

Primary producers are called _____

Select one of the following:

  • Heterotrophs

  • Autotrophs

  • Mesotrophs

  • Plants

Explanation

Question 33 of 61

1

Which of the following are primary producers?

Select one of the following:

  • Plants

  • Herbivores

  • Omnivores

  • Decomposers

Explanation

Question 34 of 61

1

What would be found at the third trophic level or higher?

Select one of the following:

  • Plants

  • Carnivores

  • Herbivores

  • Detritus Feeders

Explanation

Question 35 of 61

1

A food web consists of a system of interconnected _____

Select one of the following:

  • Animal Species

  • Plant Species

  • Currents

  • Food Chains

Explanation

Question 36 of 61

1

Bacteria would generally be listed as ______

Select one of the following:

  • Carnivores

  • Omnivores

  • Decomposers

  • Herbivores

Explanation

Question 37 of 61

1

Which of the following is typically a grazer?

Select one of the following:

  • Shark

  • Barnacles

  • Copepod

  • Coral Polyp

Explanation

Question 38 of 61

1

The size of the population of any organism is usually a direct function of its _____ supply

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen

  • Carbon Dioxide

  • Food

  • Habitat

Explanation

Question 39 of 61

1

Bacteria which can live without free oxygen are called what?

Select one of the following:

  • Oxidized

  • Anaerobic

  • Decomposers

  • Aerobic

Explanation

Question 40 of 61

1

Which of the following is a primary factor limiting plant growth?

Select one of the following:

  • Nutrient concentrations

  • Upwelling and turbulence

  • Turbidity

  • Grazing intensity

Explanation

Question 41 of 61

1

The two elements that typically limit productivity of ecosystems are Nitrogen and what?

Select one of the following:

  • Carbon

  • Phosphorous

  • Sodium

  • Iron

Explanation

Question 42 of 61

1

Productivity in tropical oceans is

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen-limited

  • Light-limited

  • Nutrient-limited

  • light and nutrient-limited

Explanation

Question 43 of 61

1

Productivity in polar oceans is

Select one of the following:

  • Oxygen limited

  • Light limited

  • Nutrient limited

  • Light and Nutrient limited

Explanation

Question 44 of 61

1

Which regions produce the majority of the world's fish?

Select one of the following:

  • embayment; coastal

  • coastal; downwelling

  • coastal; upwelling

  • polar; downwelling

Explanation

Question 45 of 61

1

Tropical oceans are infertile because the ___ of the region inhibits mixing of the water column

Select one of the following:

  • Permanent thermocline

  • Permanent halocline

  • Permanent pycnocline

  • High rainfall

Explanation

Question 46 of 61

1

The spring diatom bloom of temperate ocean waters occurs in response to increasing levels of what?

Select one of the following:

  • Nutrients

  • Cool water

  • Light

  • Upwelling

Explanation

Question 47 of 61

1

The waters adjacent to Peru are an area of coastal what?

Select one of the following:

  • Upwelling

  • Downwelling

  • Turbulence

Explanation

Question 48 of 61

1

The eastern South Pacific normally experiences

Select one of the following:

  • Low P and wet weather

  • Low P and dry weather

  • High P and wet weather

  • High P and dry weather

Explanation

Question 49 of 61

1

The western South Pacific normally experiences

Select one of the following:

  • Low P and wet weather

  • Low P and dry weather

  • High P and wet weather

  • High P and dry weather

Explanation

Question 50 of 61

1

Weakening of winds, Cessation of Upwelling off Peru, and rain in western S. America signify

Select one of the following:

  • Normal conditions

  • El Nino conditions

  • La Nina conditions

Explanation

Question 51 of 61

1

Intensified trade winds, Strong upwelling off Peru, and cool water temps across the pacific signify

Select one of the following:

  • Normal conditions

  • El Nino conditions

  • La Nina conditions

Explanation

Question 52 of 61

1

Most of the energy that reshapes beaches comes from

Select one of the following:

  • Tidal action

  • Sea level changes

  • Storm surges

  • Breaking waves

Explanation

Question 53 of 61

1

Currents in the surf zone that flow parallel to shore are called

Select one of the following:

  • Rip

  • Longshore

  • Nearshore

  • Refraction

Explanation

Question 54 of 61

1

The open water seaward of the breaker zone is called

Select one of the following:

  • Offshore zone

  • Swash zone

  • Backshore zone

  • Surf zone

Explanation

Question 55 of 61

1

A submarine deposit of sand that is parallel to the shore is called

Select one of the following:

  • Berm

  • Groin

  • Washover fan

  • Longshore bar

Explanation

Question 56 of 61

1

A beach profile characterized by a broad berm and a steep beach face is called a/an

Select one of the following:

  • Fjord

  • Estuary

  • Storm

  • Swell

Explanation

Question 57 of 61

1

During a storm, the average grain size of sand on a beach _____

Select one of the following:

  • Increases

  • Decreases

  • Stays the same

Explanation

Question 58 of 61

1

Sand input to a beach can be caused by

Select one of the following:

  • Rip currents

  • Cliff erosion

  • River input

  • Both cliff erosion and river input

Explanation

Question 59 of 61

1

Sand removal is caused by

Select one of the following:

  • Longshore transport

  • Wind erosion

  • Cliff erosion

  • Longshore transport and Cliff erosion

Explanation

Question 60 of 61

1

Sand is permanently lost off of Southern California by being transported to

Select one of the following:

  • Deep sea trenches

  • Hydrothermal vents

  • Submarine canyons

  • Mexico

Explanation

Question 61 of 61

1

The most important role of sand dune vegetation is

Select one of the following:

  • Photosynthesis, provide food for beach grazers

  • Bring water nearer to surface via roots

  • Stabilize the sand dunes

  • Provide microhabitats for small organisms

Explanation

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