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Which type of food is not digested before being absorbed by the body?
C protein
B fat
D water
A carbohydrate
The diagram shows the human alimentary canal.
In which structure is most glucose absorbed into the blood?
D
A
B
C
Which dietary component is unlikely to be deficient in a meat-free diet?
B fibre
D vitamin D
A fat
The bacterium Salmonella enterica can cause severe food poisoning and the lining of the alimentary canal may be damaged. In these cases absorption of digested food products cannot easily take place.
Which region of the alimentary canal is most affected?
D stomach
B ileum
C oesophagus
A colon
The diagram shows some of the organs of the human body.
In which organs does the digestion of proteins take place?
C Q and R
D Q and S
B P and R
A P and Q
Which organ produces amylase?
A gall bladder
B liver
D pancreas
Which treatment is best for a person with persistent diarrhoea?
B drinking pure water
A drinking a solution of sugar and salt
D eating protein such as boiled eggs
C eating more fibre
The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.
What is process X?
B chewing
D secretion
C digestion
A absorption
The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.
Which structures secrete enzymes that digest proteins?
D W and T
C V and W
B U and V
A T and U
The graph shows pH changes in the mouth after eating.
Why is it a good idea to brush teeth after eating?
B Acids dissolve tooth enamel.
C Alkaline conditions help bacteria to grow.
D Alkalis dissolve tooth enamel.
A Acidic conditions help bacteria to grow.
The diagram shows a piece of small intestine during peristalsis.
What is happening at X
C circular muscles: relaxed; longitudinal muscles: contracted
B circular muscles: contracted; longitudinal muscles: relaxed
A circular muscles: contracted; longitudinal muscles: contracted
D circular muscles: relaxed; longitudinal muscles: relaxed
Which structure does not secrete digestive enzymes?
Which substance catalyses the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol?
C bile
A adrenaline
D lipase
B alcohol
Poor nutrition can lead to a condition called rickets in which bones fail to develop properly. The table shows some minerals and vitamins present in four foods.
Which food would be best for a child who has rickets?
Which components make up most of the dry mass of a balanced diet?
D proteins, vitamins and calcium compounds
C fats, proteins and vitamins
B carbohydrates, fats and proteins
A calcium compounds, carbohydrates and fats
Why does chewing food speed up digestion?
C The surface area of the food is increased.
D The taste of food is improved.
B Food is mixed with protease.
A Bacteria in the food are killed.
The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal. In which part does protein digestion begin?
A person ate food X. Food X was not affected by enzymes until it reached the duodenum.
What was in food X?
B mineral ion
D starch
The diagram shows the teeth of the lower jaw of a human.
Which tooth is an incisor?
What is the function of the anus?
B digestion
C egestion
D excretion
A assimilation
A person has their gall bladder removed.
Which statement is correct?
A They cannot eat carbohydrates.
C They can eat only liquid food.
B They can eat fat only in small amounts.
D They must not eat more than one large meal a day.
The small intestines of cows are similar in general structure and function to the small intestines of humans. A disease in cows reduces the number of villi in their small intestines. The cows lose weight and become weak.
What explains this?
B less peristalsis
C slower absorption of nutrients
A less amylase produced
D slower digestion of proteins
The diagram shows the four types of human tooth.
Which teeth are used for cutting rather than grinding food?
D 4 and 1
A 1 and 2
C 3 and 4
B 2 and 3